Anatomy of hand-1.pptx
- 1. ANATOMY OF HAND GROUP MEMBERS 1.BETEL WENDWOSEN 2.EYOB KASEYA 3.MIGNOT DANIEL 4.NEJIMUDIN NURA 5.TINSAE KASSA
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The human hand has a complex mechanism to perform functional capabilities. • Its integrity is essential for daily functions. • Understanding of the normal hand characteristics requires a comprehensive analysis of sensory and mechanical features. • The hand, positioned at the end of the upper limb, is a combination of complex joints whose function is to manipulate and grasp, all made possible by the opposing movement of the thumb. • Some biologists believe that the development of the human hand lead indirectly to the development of our large and complex brain.
- 3. Bony anatomy • The hand and wrist have a total of 27 bones arranged to roll, spin and slide. • The carpus is formed from eight small bones collectively referred to as the carpal bones. • the metacarpals – the five bones that comprise the middle part of the hand. • the phalanges (singular phalanx) – the 14 narrow bones that make up the fingers of each hand.
- 4. Joints of the Wrist and Hand 1, Radiocarpal joint 2, Midcarpal joint 3, A-Carpometacarpal joint (thumb) B-Carpometacarpal joint (fingers) 4, Interphalangeal 5,Metacarpophalangeal joints
- 5. Ligaments of the Wrist and Hand The stability of the wrist is provided by ligaments Main ligaments of hand Collateral ligaments Volar plate ligaments Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments Volar radiocarpal ligaments Ulnocarpal and radioulnar ligaments Dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
- 6. Muscles of Hand Thirty-four muscles act on the hand. • Intrinsic muscles of the hand contain the origin and insertions within the carpal and metacarpal bones. • Muscles originating in the forearm are the extrinsic muscles of the hand. • The intrinsic muscles of the hand provide the fine motor movements while the extrinsic muscles permit strength.
- 7. Grip There Two types of grasp are differentiated according to the position and mobility of thumb, CMC, and MP joints. PRECISION GRASP Palmar prehension (pulp to pulp), Bip-to-tip Lateral prehension (pad-to-side; key grip) POWER GRASP Cylindrical grip Spherical grip Hook Lateral prehension
- 8. Functional Position of the Hand • Functional Position of the Hand provides the best balance of resting length and force production so the hand can function when the patient mobilizes it again. Wrist Extended 20 degrees Ulnarly deviated 10 degrees Digits 2 through 5 MP joints flexed 45degrees PIP joints flexed 30-45 degrees DIP joints flexed 10-20 degrees Thumb 1st CMC jt partially abducted and opposed MP joint flexed 10 degrees IP joint flexed 5 degrees
- 9. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Editor's Notes
- #2: MSK 1
- #4: allowing the hand to explore and control the environment and objects. Proximal region of the hand is the carpus (wrist) The middle region the metacarpus (palm) The distal region the phalanges (fingers). The carpal bones are bound in two groups of four bones: 1,the pisiform, triquetrum, lunate and scaphoid on the upper end of the wrist 2,the hamate, capitate, trapezoid and trapezium on the lower side of the hand. Each finger has three phalanges (the distal, middle, and proximal); the thumb has two. the metacarpals – the five bones that comprise the middle part of the hand
- #5: The wrist has two degrees of freedom[11], although some say three degrees of freedom because they include the movements of pronation and supination[8], which occur at the the radioulnar joint. The radioulnar joint is often referred to as a joint of the forearm but it is this articulation that gives the wrist more freedom of movement.
- #6: (see table); on the palmar aspect is the flexor retinaculum which together with the carpal bones forms a canal – the carpal tunnel - which nerves, muscles and blood vessels run through, it is this area that is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome.
- #8: (The terms grasp, grip, and prehension are interchangeable.) Types of grasp. Two types of grasp are differentiated according to the position and mobility of thumb, CMC, and MP joints. POWER grasp (The terms grasp, grip, and prehension are interchangeable.) (The adductor pollicis stabilizes an object against the palm; the hand's position is static.) Cylindrical grip (fist grasp is a small diameter cylindrical grasp) Spherical grip Hook grip (MP extended with flattening of transverse arch; the person may or may include the thumb in this grasp) Lateral prehension (this can be a power grip if the thumb is adducted, a precision grip if the thumb is abducted). PRECISION (Muscles are active that abduct or oppose the thumb; the hand's position is dynamic.) Palmar prehension (pulp to pulp), includes 'chuck' or tripod grips Bip-to-tip (with FDP active to maintain DIP flex) Lateral prehension (pad-to-side; key grip)
- #9: When therapists immobilize a patient's hand, they often position it this way. During a period of immobilization, the resting lengths of the hand's ligaments and muscles change.