Anatomy of Male genital organs [auto saved]
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The document summarizes the male genital organs, including the prostate, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, bulbourethral gland, and spermatic cord. It describes the structure, location, blood supply, and relations of each organ. The prostate is described as having lobes and being surrounded by capsules. The testes produce sperm and hormones and have seminiferous tubules joined to the rete testis. The epididymis stores and matures sperm from the testes. The vas deferens and seminal vesicles transport sperm and fluids, joining to form the ejaculatory ducts.
Anatomy of Male genital organs [auto saved]
- 1. Male genital organs Dr. Mohamed Elfiky Professor of anatomy and embryology
- 2. Prostate Structure : a fibro-musculo- glandular organ consisting of fibrous tissue , smooth muscles & glandular tissue. Shape : inverted cone having a broad base directed upwards & an apex directed downwards. Site: lies 2 cm. behind the lower border of symphysis pubis & in front of ampulla of rectum, below the neck of urinary bladder. Surfaces: it has: (1) Abase: directed upwards. (2) An apex: directed downwards (3) Ant. surface. (4) Post. surface. (5) 2 inferolateral surfaces. Mohamed el fiky
- 3. Prostatic urethra Mohamed el fiky
- 4. Relations (1) Base: surrounds the neck of urinary bladder & pierced by the urethra. (2) Apex: lies on the pelvic fascia. The urethra emerges from the anterior surface just above the apex. (3) Post. surface: lies in direct contact with ampulla of rectum & the 2 ejaculatory ducts pierce its upper part. (4) Ant. surface: lies 2 cm. behind the lower part of symphysis pubis & separated from it by retro-pubic fat & venous plexus. Its upper part gives attachment to the pubo- prostatic ligaments (5) Infero-lateral surfaces: are related to the anterior part of levator ani muscle on each side (levator prostate m.) & separated from the muscle by a plexus of veins. Mohamed el fiky
- 5. Lobes of the prostate The prostate consists of 5 lobes: ant., post., median, Rt. lat. & Lt. lat. (1) Median lobe (small): lies behind the prostatic urethra & bounded on each side by ejaculatory duct. It projects upwards & forwards inside the bladder just behind the internal urethral meatus to form the uvula of the bladder. (2) Rt. & Lt. lateral lobes ( major part of the gland): They lie one on each side of the prostatic urethra. They are continuous together behind the lower part of the prostatic urethra. (3) Anterior lobe (isthmus): A band of fibro-muscular tissue devoid of glandular tissue, lying ant. to the prostatic urethra & connects the Rt. & Lt. lobes together. ( 4 ) posterior lobe : lying posterior to the prostatic urethra . Mohamed el fiky
- 6. Capsules of the prostate (1) True capsule: thin fibrous sheath forming the outermost part of the prostate. (2) False capsule (prostatic sheath): is a fibrous sheath derived form the pelvic fascia and continuous: - Anteriorly with the pubo-prostatic ligaments. - Posteriorly with the recto-vesical fascia of Denonvillier. - Inferiorly with the pelvic fascia (roof of the deep perineal pouch). N.B: 1- On each side of the prastate, the false & true capsules are separated from each other by the prostatic venous plexus which receives the deep dorsal vein of penis. Mohamed el fiky
- 7. Blood Supply Arterial Supply: branches from (1) Internal pudendal a. (2) Inferior vesical a. (3) Middle rectal a. Venous drainage : into the prostatic plexus of veins which lies between the true & false capsules on each side. This venous plexus also receives the deep dorsal vein of the penis. Lymphatic drainage: into external & internal iliac L.Ns. Mohamed el fiky
- 8. TESTIS • The testes (testicles) are the male gonads—paired ovoid reproductive glands that produce sperms (spermatozoa) and male hormones, primarily testosterone The testes are suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords, with the left testis usually suspended (hanging) more inferiorly than the right testis. • The surface of each testis is covered by the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis, except where the testis attaches to the epididymis and spermatic cord. The tunica vaginalis is a closed peritoneal sac partially surrounding the testis, which represents the closed-off distal part of the embryonic processus vaginalis. • The slit-like recess of the tunica vaginalis, the sinus of the epididymis, is between the body of the epididymis and the posterolateral surface of the testis. • The testes have a tough fibrous outer surface, the tunica albuginea, • fibrous septa extend inward between lobules of minute but long and • The seminiferous tubules highly coiled in which the sperms are produced are joined by straight tubules to the rete testis (L. rete, a net), a network of canals in the mediastinum of the testis. Mohamed el fiky
- 9. Blood supply of the testes The long testicular arteries arise from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta just inferior to the renal arteries . They pass retroperitoneally (posterior to the peritoneum) in an oblique direction, crossing over the ureters and the inferior parts of the external iliac arteries to reach the deep inguinal rings. They enter the inguinal canals through the deep rings, pass through the canals, exit them through the superficial inguinal rings, and enter the spermatic cords to supply the testes. The testicular artery or one of its branches anastomoses with the artery of the ductus deferens. Mohamed el fiky
- 10. Venous drainage of testes • The veins emerging from the testis and epididymis form the pampiniform venous plexus, a network of 8–12 veins lying anterior to the ductus deferens and surrounding the testicular artery in the spermatic cord . The pampiniform plexus is part of the thermoregulatory system of the testis (along with the cremasteric and dartos muscles) helping to keep this gland at a constant temperature. The veins of each pampiniform plexus converge superiorly, forming a right testicular vein, which enters the inferior vena cava (IVC), and a left testicular vein, which enters the left renal vein. Mohamed el fiky
- 11. The lymphatic drainage of the testis • The lymphatic drainage of the testis follows the testicular artery and vein to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) and preaortic lymph nodes • The autonomic nerves of the testis arise as the testicular plexus of nerves on the testicular artery, which contains vagal parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibers and sympathetic fibers from the T7 segment of the spinal cord. Nerve supply of the testis Mohamed el fiky
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- 13. EPIDIDYMIS • The epididymis is an elongated structure on the posterior surface of the testis . Efferent ductules of the testis transport newly developed sperms to the epididymis from the rete testis. The epididymis is formed by minute convolutions of the duct of the epididymis, so tightly compacted that they appear solid . The duct becomes progressively smaller as it passes from the head of the epididymis on the superior part of the testis to its tail. At the tail of the epididymis, the ductus deferens begins as the continuation of the epididymal duct. In the lengthy course of this duct, the sperms are stored and continue to mature. The epididymis consists of the: • Head of the epididymis: the superior expanded part that is composed of lobules formed by the coiled ends of 12–14 efferent ductules. • Body of the epididymis: consists of the convoluted duct of the epididymis. • Tail of the epididymis: continuous with the ductus deferens, the duct that transports the sperms from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct for expulsion via the urethra during ejaculation . Mohamed el fiky
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- 15. Vas deferens It is a cord like tube with very thick wall and very narrow lumen Begins: in the scrotum as a continuation to the tail of the epididymis. Ends: in the pelvis by joining the duct of the seminal vesicle to from the ejaculatory duct which opens into the prostatic urethra. Characters: 1- It is 45 cm. long. 2- It is a firm cord-like structure having a thick muscular wall & a Course & relations: A. In the scrotum: it ascends behind the testis along the med. side of the epididymis. Vas deferens Seminal vesicle testis Mohamed el fiky
- 16. (B) In the inguinal canal: it enters the superficial inguinal ring, runs among the constituents of the spermatic cord (post. in position), then it leaves the spermatic cord at the deep inguinal ring & hooks around the inf. epigastric a. (C) In the pelvis: it curve around the inferior epigasteric artery then descends along the lateral wall crossing the extrernal iliac vessels , lateral umbilical ligament , obturator nerve and vessels . (D) At the base of the urinary bladder : it crosses in front of the ureter , bends downwards at an acute angle to form the dilated ampulla which lies behind the base of the bladder and medial to the seminal vesicle . at the base of the prostate it narrows , joins the duct of seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct Arterial supply : : artery of vas . it arise from either superior or inferior vesical artery . Mohamed el fiky
- 17. Seminal vesicle Are 2 sacculated pouches (5 cm if coiled , 15 cm if uncoiled ) situated on the back of urinary bladder lateral to the vas deferens . the lower end of each one joins the duct of vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct . Their upper ends are blind and lies just below the termination of the arteries . Ejaculatory ducts About 2 cm in length . they enter the upper part of the posterior surface of the prostate and descend along the side of the median lobe to open in the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra at the seminal colliculus . Mohamed el fiky
- 18. Bulbo- urethral gland ( Cowper' s gland ) Are 2 small oval glands one cm in diameter lying in the deep perineal pouch along the sides of the membranous urethra . their ducts 3 cm in length and pierce the perineal membrane (see perineum ) and bulb of penis to open in the intrabulbar fossa of the penile urethra . Mohamed el fiky
- 19. Spermatic Cord Definition : It is the group of structures (vas deferens, vessels, nerves & lymphatics ) dragged by the testis as it descends into the scrotum. Site : it extends from the deep inguinal ring to the lower end of the testis lying partly in the inguinal canal & partly in the scrotum. Relations: Inside the inguinal canal : Anteriorly: the ant. wall of the canal. Posteriorly : the post. wall of the canal. Superiorly : the roof of the canal. Inferiorly: the floor of the canal and ilio-inguinal nerve. Outside the inguinal canal: Anteriorly : skin, fascia & superficial external pudendal a. - Posteriorly : tendon of adductor longus & deep ext. pudendal artery. Mohamed el fiky
- 20. Coverings of the spermatic cord The spermatic cord has 3 coverings arranged from outside inwards as follow: 1) Internal spermatic fascia: (the innermost coat): is derived from the fascia transversalis & is prolonged over the spermatic cord at the deep inguinal ring. (2) Cremasteric muscle & fascia : (the middle coat): is derived from the internal oblique muscle & is prolonged over the cord as it passes below the lower arching fibres of internal oblique muscle. (3) External spermatic fascia : (the outermost coat): is derived from the external oblique aponeurosis & is prolonged over the cord at the superficial inguinal ring. Mohamed el fiky
- 21. Coverings of the Spermatic Cord (the Spermatic Fasciae) • The coverings of the spermatic cord are three concentric layers of fascia derived from the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. ■ External spermatic fascia derived from the external oblique aponeurosis and attached to the margins of the superficial inguinal ring ■ Cremasteric fascia derived from the internal oblique muscle ■ Internal spermatic fascia derived from the fascia transversalis and attached to the margins of the deep inguinal ring Mohamed el fiky
- 22. Spermatic Cord • The spermatic cord is a collection of structures that pass through the inguinal canal to and from the testis (Fig. 4.21). It begins at the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric artery and ends at the testis. Structures of the Spermatic Cord (The structures are as follows): ■ Vas deferens ■ Arteries : testicular artery , artery of vas and cremasteric artery ■ Testicular veins (pampiniform plexus) ■ Testicular lymph vessels ■ Autonomic nerves ■ Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (cremasteric nerve ) ■ Remains of the processus vaginalis Mohamed el fiky
- 23. Constituents of the spermatic cord A. 3 structures : (1) Vas deferens. (2) Pampiniform plexus of veins. formed by several veins that drain the testis & epididymis (forms the main bulk of the spermatic cord). At the deep inguinal ring, the veins of the plexus unite to form the testicular vein. The Rt. testicular v. ends in the inf. vena cava (at acute angle). The Lt. testicular v. ends in Lt. renal vein (at right angle). (3) Lymphatic vessels. : They drain the testis & epididymis. They accompany the testicular vessels to the abdomen. They end in the para-aortic lymph nodes alongside the abdominal aorta. (B) 3 Arteries: (1) Testicular artery (branch from abdominal aorta) : Arises from abdominal aorta opposite L3. Descends on the post. Abdominal wall, enter the deep ring. & runs in the spermatic cord down to the testis. It supplies the testis & anastomoses with the cremasteric a. & the artery of the vas. (2) Artery of vas deferens (branch from inf. vesical artery) : Arises from inf. vesical a. (from internal iliac a.) in the pelvis. It accompanies the vas deferens in the spermatic cord. It supplies the vas deferens & the epididymis. (3) Cremasteric artery (branch from inf. epigastric artery). Arises from inf. epigastric a. & accompanies the spermatic cord and supplies its coverings. Mohamed el fiky
- 24. (C) 3 nerves : (1) Sympathetic nerve fibres : Arise from the renal & aortic plexuses & surround the testicular a . to reach the testis. (2) Genital branch of genito-femoral nerve). (3) Ilio-inguinal nerve : Arises from the lumbar plexus (L1). Enters the inguinal canal by piercing its post. wall. Emerges from the superficial ring to supply the skin of the external genitalia. (D)Vestige of the processus vaginalis peritonei: It is a fibrous band representing the obliterated processus vaginalis of the embryo (an embryonic duct traversing the inguinal canal & connecting the peritoneal cavity above with the tunica vaginalis below). Mohamed el fiky
- 25. Cremaster muscle • As the spermatic cord (or round ligament of the uterus) passes under the lower border of the internal oblique, it carries with it some of the muscle fibers that are called the cremaster muscle. • The cremasteric fascia is the term used to describe the cremaster muscle and its fascia. • It takes its nerve supply from genital branch of genitofemoral nerve . Mohamed el fiky
- 26. Definition : it is the male organ of micturition & copulation. Parts: (1) Root: it is the attached part of the penis, which is situated in the superficial perineal pouch (2) Body: It is the free portion which is completely enveloped in skin. Structure: it is formed of erectile tissue and coverings. (A) The erectile tissue : is formed of : (1) corpus spongiosum: - It is the forward continuation of the bulb of penis. it ends by a conical enlargement called the glans penis. Throughout its whole extent it is traversed by the urethra. (2) Two corpora cavernosa: - They are the forward continuation of the crura of the penis . - They lie in close apposition to each other & end under cover of the glans penis. Each corpus cavernosus is traversed, through its whole length, by the deep artery of penis. The penis corpus spongiosum Two corpora cavernosa Mohamed el fiky
- 27. (B) Coverings: (1) Skin: thin, elastic, devoid of hairs & loosely attached to the underlying fascia. (2) Superficial fascia : 2 layers: (a) superficial layer of loose areolar tissue devoid of fat. (b) Deep membranous layer (fascia penis ) which envelops the 3 masses of erectile tissue. Mohamed el fiky The penis
- 28. Mohamed el fiky Crura of The Penis Corpus Spongiosum Corpus Cavernosum 1- The root of penis Bulb of The Penis Corpus Cavernosum Corpus Spongiosum
- 29. Bulb of The Penis Crura of The Penis Corpus Spongiosum Corpus Cavernosum Glans of Penis Mohamed el fiky Bulbospongiosus Muscle Ischiocavernosus Muscle 1- Superficial Transverse Perinei 2- Muscles
- 30. Arterial supply: 3 branches from pudendal a. (1) Deep a. of penis: runs in the corpus cavernosum & supplies its erectile tissue. (2) Dorsal a. of penis : runs on the dorsum of penis (beneath the fascia penis) & supplies the glans penis. (3) Artery of bulb: supplies the bulb & proximal 1/2 of corpus spongiosus. N.B: the superficial ext. pudendal br. of femoral a. supplies skin & fascia of penis Venous drainage: (1) Superficial dorsal v. of penis: runs on the dorsum of penis, in the median plane (superficial to the fascia penis). It divides into 2 branches, which Join the superficial ext. pudendal veins of the 2 sides. (2) Deep dorsal v. of penis: runs on the dorsum of penis, in the median plane (deep to the fascia penis).It passes through the gap between the perineal membrane & the lower border of symphysis pubis to enter the pelvis where it ends in the prostatic plexus of veins. Mohamed el fiky
- 31. Anterior scrotal artery Arterial supplyVenous drainage Mohamed el fiky
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- 33. Nerve supply of penis (1) Sensory n. supply: dorsal n. of penis (br. of the pubdendal n.) ilioinguinal n. (2) Autonomic supply : a. Parasympathetic ( erection ) . From the pelvic splanchnic n. (52,3,4). b. Sympathetic ( ejaculation ) : from the pelvic plexus. Mohamed el fiky