ANDROID FDP PPT

ANDROID MOBILE APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
By
TARGET SOFT SYSTEMS
CHENNAI

Starting with simple regular handsets which were used just for
making phone calls, mobiles have changed our lives and have
become part of it. Now they are not used just for making calls but
they have innumerable uses and can be used as a Camera , Music
player, Tablet PC, T.V. , Web browser etc . And with the new
technologies, new software and operating systems are required.
World is contracting with the growth of
mobile phone technology. As the number of
users is increasing day by day, facilities are
also increasing.
NEED FOR MOBILITY
SOLUTIONS

NEED FOR MOBILITY
SOLUTIONS
• We are in Mobile Internet Computing.
• Technology Reach is in Billions not in Millions.
• Customers/Partners/Employees are more on mobility.

ANDROID DOMINATION IN
SMARTPHONE OS MARKET

REFRESHMENT OF OOPS
» What is OOPS ?
» Object
» Class
» Abstraction
» Encapsulation
» Inheritance
» Polymorphism(Run Time & Compile Time)

Object Oriented Programming System
Object Oriented Programming is a methodology to design a
program using Classes and Objects.
It simplifies the software development and maintenance by
providing some concepts:
> Object
> Class
> Inheritance
> Polymorphism
> Abstraction
> Encapsulation

OBJECT
A runtime entity that has state and behavior is known as Object.
Object= data + method ,Object is an instance of a class.
An object has these characteristics:
State: represents the data of an Object.
Behavior: represents the behavior of an Object.
Identity: object is typically implemented via a unique ID.
Real time Example:
Pen is an object. Its name is Reynolds, color is White etc,.Known as
it state.
It is used to write, so Writing is its behavior.

CLASS
A Class is a group of objects that have common property.
(or)
Collection of Objects.
It is a Template or Blue Print from which objects are created.
Syntax to declare a Class:
Class <class name>
{
data member;
method;
}

Example for Class and Object:
Class student
{
String name = “Target Soft Systems ”;
int phoneno = “9382383393”;
public static void main( string[] args)
{
Student s1 = new student(); // object
System.out.println(“Name is:” +s1.name);
System.out.println(“Phone No:” +s1.phoneno);
}
}
Output:
Name is: Target Soft Systems
Phone No: 9382383393

ABSTRACTION
Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and
showing only functionality to the user.
(OR)
It highlights the essential things to the user and hides the non-
essential things.
Real Time Example:
Sending SMS: you just type the text and send the message
you don’t know the internal processing about message delivery.
Syntax to declare the abstract class:
Abstract class < classname>
{
}

ENCAPSULATION
Encapsulation is a process of wrapping code and Data together into
a single unit.
We can calculate a fully encapsulated class by making all the data
members of the class private now we can use setter and getter
methods to set and get the data in it.
In a encapsulated class we can access only the methods
we can’t able to access the data that scenario is called Data Hiding.

INHERITANCE
Inheritance is a mechanism in which one object acquires and the
properties and behaviors of parent class. A new class derived from
old class.
Syntax for Inheritance:
class subclass name extends super class name
{
}
extends is a key word is used to inherit one class for another class.
On the basis of class, there can be three types of inheritance single,
multilevel and Hierarchical. Multiple and Hybrid is supported
through interface only.
To reduce the complexity and simplify the language, multiple
interfaces are not supported in Java.

POLYMORPHISM
In general polymorphism is a particular thing behave differently in
a different situation
Two types of Polymorphism:
Compile time Polymorphism
Run time Polymorphism
Run time Polymorphism Example: Method Overloading.
Compile time Polymorphism Example: Method Overriding.
Real time Example:
Mobile Phone: It acts like a phone where you calling to
someone.
It acts like a camera whiles you taking a snap.
It acts like a Music player whiles you hearing song from that.

Run time PolymorphismRun time Polymorphism
Method overloading:
Method having same name but difference
in the number of arguments and its data type.
Example:
Sum( int a, int b)
Sum( int a, int b, int c)
Sum( float a, float b)
Sum( float a, float b, float c)
For example the entire method names are same but the main
difference in the number of arguments and its data type.

Compile Time Polymorphism
Method Overriding:
Method having same name, same number of arguments and its data
type.
overriding method MUST have the same argument list (if not, it
might be a case of overloading)
overriding method MUST have the same return type; the exception
is covariant return (used as of Java 5) which returns a type that is a
subclass of what is returned by the over riden method

» What is java?
» Introduction about JDK ,JRE,JVM
» Java ME, Java SE, Java EE
» Hello World Example in Android
» Usage of this , Super , final Keyword
» Access Modifiers
» try, catch, finally
INTRODUCTION OF JAVA

What is Java?
Java is a programming language and a platform.
Java is a case sensitive.
Java is :
Object Oriented: In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be
easily extended since it is based on the Object model.
High Performance: With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java
enables high performance.
Dynamic: Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time
information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to
objects on run-time.

What is JDK?
JDK is an acronym for Java Development Kit.
It contains JRE + development tools.
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development
environment used for developing Java applications and applets.
It includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), an
interpreter/loader (java), a compiler (javac), an archiver (jar), a
documentation generator (javadoc) and other tools needed in Java
development.

What is JRE?
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is a set of software tools
for development of Java applications. It combines the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM), platform core classes and supporting libraries.
JRE is part of the Java Development Kit (JDK), but can be
downloaded separately.
JRE was originally developed by Sun Microsystems Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle Corporation.
Also known as Java runtime.

What is JVM?What is JVM?
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that can
Execute Java byte code.
It is the code execution component of the Java platform.
JVM performs four main tasks:
» Loads code
» Verifies code
» Executes code
» Provides runtime environment

What is the difference between JDK,JRE,JVM?
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is an abstract computing machine. Java
Runtime Environment (JRE) is an implementation of the JVM. Java
Development Kit (JDK) contains JRE along with various
development tools like Java libraries, Java source compilers, Java
debuggers, bundling and deployment tools.

Hello world Program in Java
Class hello world test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(“ Hello
World”);
}
}

> Class:: is used to declare a class in Java.
> public:: is an access specifires which represents visibilityit means
visible to all.
> static:: is a keyword, if we declare any method as static is known as
static method. The core of advantage of static method is that there is no
need to create object to involve the static method.
> void:: is the return type of the method it means it doesn’t return any
value.
> main:: represents start up of the Program.
> String args[]:: is used for command line arguments.
> System.out.println():: is used to print statement.

this (Keyword)
In Java this is a reference variable that refers to the current object.
Usage of this Keyword:
>this keyword can be used to refer current class instance variable.
>this keyword can be used to involve current class constructor.
>this keyword can be used to involve current class method.
>this keyword can be passed as an argument in the method call.
>this keyword can be passed as an argument in the constructor call.
>this can also be used return the current class instance.

Super (Keyword)
Super keyword is a reference variable that is used to refer
immediate parent class object.
Usage of super (keyword):
>Super is used to refer immediate parent class instance variable.
>Super() is used to involve immediate parent class constructor.
>Super is used to involve immediate parent class method.

final (keyword)
The final keyword in java is used to restrict the user.
The final keyword can be
Variable
Method
Class
Syntax:
final< variable name> final <method name>();
final <class name>
{
}
If you make any variable as final you cannot change the value of
final variable (it will be constant).
If you make any method as final you cannot override it.
If you make any class as final you cannot extend it.

Access modifiers
The access modifier specifies of a data member, method,
constructor or class.
There are 4 types of access modifiers.
> private
> default
> protected
> public

> private:: the private access modifies is accessible only
within class.
> protected:: the protected access modifier is accessible within
package and outside package but through inheritance only.
The protected access modifier can be applied on the data
member, method and constructor; it can’t be applied on
the class.
> public:: Public access modifier is accessible everywhere,
it has the widget scope among all other modifier.

PRIVAT
E
DEFAUL
T
PROTE
CTED
PUBLIC
Same
class
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Same
package
subclass
No Yes Yes yes
Same
Package
Non-
subclass
No Yes Yes yes
Different
package
subclass
No No Yes Yes
Different
package
Non-
subclass
No No No Yes

Catching Exceptions
A method catches an exception using a combination of
the try and catch keywords. A try/catch block is placed around the
code that might generate an exception.
Code within a try/catch block is referred to as protected code,
and the syntax for using try/catch looks like the following:
try
{
//Protected code
}
catch(Exception Name e1)
{
//Catch block
}

throws/throw Keywords
•If a method does not handle a checked exception, the method must declare
it using the throws keyword. The throws keyword appears at the end of a
method's signature.
•You can throw an exception, either a newly instantiated one or an
exception that you just caught, by using the throw keyword.
•Try to understand the different in throws and throw keywords.
•The following method declares that it throws a RemoteException:
import java.io.*;
public class className
{
public void deposit(double amount) throws RemoteException
{
// Method implementation throw new RemoteException();
}
//Remainder of class definition
}

CONTACT
PriThvirAj
Target Soft systems
Mob: 91-93 823 83393
raj@targetsoft.in

What is Android ?What is Android ?
Android is a Operating System based on Linux Kernel
If any Operating System based on Linux Kernel then no need to
install any hardware drivers and all its automatically recognize
hardware
In previous days people said like android is a mobile operating
system because that time android was working as a operating system
only for mobile but now android is working as a Operating system
for Smartphone, Tablet ,TVs ,Cameras ,Smart Glasses ,Wristwatches
,Headphones etc…

» The OHA is a group of hardware and software
developers, including Google, NTT DoCoMo,
Sprint Nextel, and HTC …
» OHA have developed Android™, the first
complete, open, and free mobile platform
» Goal
» Accelerate innovation in mobile
» Offer consumers a richer, less expensive, and
better mobile experience
Open Handset Alliance(OHA)

ANDROID HISTORY
•Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy
Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and Chris White in 2003. Later
Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005.
•In 2005 Google purchased Android and took over its development
work and also the development team.
•Google wanted Android to be open and free then most of the
Android code was released under open source.

VERSIONS OF ANDROID
Pre-commercial release versions (2007–2008)
Android alpha
There were at least two internal releases inside Google and the OHA
releases code-named “Astra Boy", “Bender"
Android beta
The Android beta was released on 5 November 2007
The Software Developement Kit (SDK) was released
on 12 November 2007.
The 5 November date is popularly celebrated as “Android's Birthday”

VERSIONS OF ANDROID
Android has seen numerous Updates which have incrementally
improved the operating system, adding new features and fixing bugs
in previous releases.
Each major release is named in alphabetical order after a dessert or
sugary treat
For example
Version 1.5 Cupcake was followed by 1.6 Donut.
The latest released version is 4.4 Kit Kat

CUPCAKE 1.5CUPCAKE 1.5
On 30 April 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released.
This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a
dessert item
("Cupcake")
»Added auto-rotation option.
»Copy and Paste feature added in the web browser.
»Increased speed and performance but not up to required level.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

DONUT 1.6DONUT 1.6
On 15 September 2009, the Android 1.6 SDK - Donut was
released
»Voice search
»Search box
»Faster OS boot times
»Fast web browsing experience.
»Typing is quite slower.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

ECLAIR 2.0ECLAIR 2.0
On 26 October 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK codenamed Eclair
was released.
»Bluetooth 2.1 support.
» Improved typing speed on virtual
keyboard with smarter dictionary.
» no Adobe flash media support.
on 3 December 2009 Android 2.0.1 Éclair was released.
on 12 January 2010 Android 2.1 Éclair was released.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

FROYO 2.2FROYO 2.2
On 20 May 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 was released
»Support for Adobe Flash 10.1
» Improved Application launcher
with better browser
» No internet calling.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

GINGERBREAD 2.3GINGERBREAD 2.3
On 6 December 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was
released
»Updated User Interface with high
»efficiency and speed
» Internet calling
» One touch word selection and copy/paste.
» New keyboard for faster word input.
on 9 February 2011 Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread was released.
on 28 April 2011 Android 2.3.4 Gingerbread was released.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

HONEYCOMB 3.0HONEYCOMB 3.0
On 22 February 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK was
released
»Support for multi-core processors
» Ability to encrypt all user data.
» This version of android is only available for tablets.
on 10 May 2011 Android 3.1 Honeycomb was released.
on 15 July 2011 Android 3.2 Honeycomb was released.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

ICE CREAM SANDWICH 4.0ICE CREAM SANDWICH 4.0
On 19 October 2011, the Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) SDK
was released
»Virtual button in the UI.
» A new typeface family for the UI.
» Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the background
on 16 December 2011 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich was released.
on 29 March 2012 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich was released.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

JELLY BEAN 4.1JELLY BEAN 4.1
On 27 June 2012, the Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) SDK was released
»User – Installable Keyboard Maps
» Multichannel Audio.
» Bluetooth Data Transfer with Android Beam.
on 29 October 2012 4.2 Jelly Bean was released.
on 24 July 2013 4.3 Jelly Bean was released.
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

KIT KAT 4.4KIT KAT 4.4
On 3 September 2013, the Android 4.4 (Kit Kat) SDK was
released
»New Framework for UI Transitions.
» Built-In Screen Recording.
»Wireless printing Capability
VERSIONS OF ANDROID

LOLLIPOP ANDROID 5.0
• on June 25, 2014, the
android LolliPop 5.0 was
released.
• Redesigned user interface
built around a design
language known as
"Material design".
• Improvements to the
notifications, which can be
accessed from the lock
screen and displayed within
applications as top-of-the-
screen banners.

ANDROID FEATURESANDROID FEATURES
»STRORAGE
SQLite, a lightweight relational database.
»CONNECTIVITY
Supports GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX.
»MESSAGING
Supports both SMS and MMS.
»MEDIA SUPPORT
Supports following media files: MP3,3GP,MP4,JPEG,PNG,GIF,BMP,AMR,MIDI,...etc.
»HARDWARE SUPPORT
Accelerometer sensor, Camera, GPS, Digital compass.
»MULTI TASKING
supports multi –tasking applications.

Android OS Distribution DetailsAndroid OS Distribution Details
(As on SEP 2013)(As on SEP 2013)
S.No Version Codename API A
1
1.6 Donut 4 0.20%
2
2.1 Éclairs 7 1.90%
3
2.2 Froyo 8 7.60%
4
2.3 - 2.3.2 Gingerbread 9 0.20%
5
2.3.3 - 2.3.7 10 44%
6
3.1 Honeycomb 12 0.30%
7
3.2 13 0.90%
8
4.0.3 - 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich 15 28.60%
9
4.1 Jelly Bean 16 14.90%
10
4.2 17 1.60%

Android Application Life CycleAndroid Application Life Cycle
» Environment Setup
» Development
» Debugging & Testing
» Deploy

Environment SetupEnvironment Setup
Set upSet up
YourYour
DevelopmentDevelopment
EnvironmentEnvironment
Set up AVD’sSet up AVD’s
and Devices forand Devices for
TestingTesting
Install the Android
SDK , Android
Developer Tools and
Android Platform
Create Android Virtual
Device and connect
Hardware Device that
will be used for Testing

DevelopmentDevelopment
CreateCreate
YourYour
ApplicationApplication
Create Android Project with your source code, resource files
and Android manifest xml file

Debugging & TestingDebugging & Testing
Build and RunBuild and Run
Your ApplicationYour Application
Debug yourDebug your
Build and Run your Application
In Debug Mode
Debug your Applications using the
Android Debugging and Logging
Tools
Test Your Application using the
Android Testing and
Instrumentation Framework
Test yourTest your

DeployDeploy
Prepare yourPrepare your
Application forApplication for
releaserelease
Release YourRelease Your
Configure ,build and
test your application for
Release Mode
Publish ,Sell and
distribute your
Application to users.

Android ArchitectureAndroid Architecture
Android Architecture having Four Main Layer and One SubAndroid Architecture having Four Main Layer and One Sub
LayerLayer
»Applications - Main Layer
»Application Framework - Main Layer
»Libraries - Main Layer
»Android Runtime - Sub Layer
»Linux kernel - Main Layer

Linux Kernel
» Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services
» Memory and Process Management
» Network Stack
» Driver Model
» Security
» Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest
of the S/W stack

Android Runtime
Core Libraries
Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language
Dalvik Virtual Machine
Providing environment on which every Android application
runs

LibrariesLibraries
» Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the
Android system
» Exposed to developers through the Android application
framework

Application Framework LayerApplication Framework Layer
Feature Role
View
System
Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text
boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser
Content
Provider
Enabling applications to access data from other
applications or to share their own data
Resource
Manager
Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings,
graphics, and layout files)
Notification
Manager
Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the
status bar
Activity
Manager
Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing
a common navigation backstack

Application LayerApplication Layer
Android provides a set of core applications:
» Email Client
» SMS Program
» Calendar
» Maps
» Browser
» Contacts

Android ArchitectureAndroid Architecture

Function Of DVMFunction Of DVM
*.java *.class *.dex
*.apk
Javac dex
aapk

ADT- Android Developer Tools Eclipse IDE
 Android SDK
 ADT Plug-in
Java JDK 1.7
OS Requirements
Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or Windows 7 (32- or
64-bit)
Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (x86 only)
Linux (tested on Ubuntu Linux, Lucid Lynx)
On Ubuntu Linux, version 8.04 or later is required.
64-bit distributions must be capable of running 32-bit applications.
HowHow to set up Androidto set up Android

How to set up AndroidHow to set up Android
Before you are going to download ADT (Android Developer
Tools)
You have to download and install JAVA JDK from the below link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.
html
After finishing the JAVA installation you have to download ADT
form the below link
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html

» Unpack the ZIP file (named adt-bundle-<os_platform>.zip) and
save it to an appropriate location, such as a "Development“
directory in your home directory.
» Open the adt-bundle-<os_platform>/eclipse/ directory and
launch eclipse.exe

Android SDK
The Android SDK, which is mandatory in order to create any
Android application, is the kit where all the tools required to
develop any Android project are available.
The following are some among the tools contained by the Android
SDK.
 Android Emulator
 DDMS (Dalvik Debug Monitor Service)
 adb (Android Debug Bridge)
 SQLite3

ADT (Android Development Tools) Plug-
in
ADT is a plug-in for Eclipse IDE provided by Android.
This extends the capabilities of the Eclipse IDE & makes it a
place where we can develop, run & debug Android projects.
Developing Android projects in Eclipse with the help of ADT
plug-in is said to be the highly recommended way.
The ADT is not needed if you choose to work in an IDE other
than Eclipse.

How To Create a New Android Project
1. Click New in the toolbar.
2. In the window that appears, open the Android folder,
select Android Application Project, and click Next.
3. Fill in the form that appears:
• Application Name is the app name that appears to users.
For this project, use "My First App.“
• Project Name is the name of your project directory and the
name visible in Eclipse.

4. On the next screen to configure the project, leave the default
selections and click Next.
5. The next screen can help you create a launcher icon for your
app. You can customize an icon in several ways and the tool
generates an icon for all screen densities. Before you publish your
app, you should be sure your icon meets the specifications defined
in the Iconography design guide.
Click Next.
6. Now you can select an activity template from which to begin
building your app.
For this project, select Blank Activity and click Next.
7. Leave all the details for the activity in their default state and
click Finish.

Android Application Project Structure

 Whether you're using Eclipse or the command line, to run
your app on the emulator you need to first create an Android
Virtual Device (AVD). An AVD is a device configuration for
the Android emulator that allows you to model different
devices.
How To Create a New AVD(Android
Virtual Device)
To create an AVD:
1. Launch the Android Virtual Device Manager:
a. In Eclipse, click Android Virtual Device Manager from the
toolbar.
2. In the Android Virtual Device
Manager panel, click New.

3. Fill in the details for the AVD. Give it a name, a platform
target, an SD card size, and a skin (HVGA is default).
4. Click Create AVD.
5. Select the new AVD from the Android Virtual Device
Manager and click Start.
6. After the emulator boots up, unlock the
emulator screen.

Components of AndroidComponents of Android
» Activity
» Services
» Broadcast Receiver
» Content Providers

Activities
Visual user interface focused on a single thing a user
can do
Services
`No visual interface – they run in the background
Broadcast Receivers
Receive and react to broadcast announcements
Content Providers
Allow data exchange between applications

» Basic component of most applications
» Most applications have several activities that start each other as
needed
» Each is implemented as a subclass of the base Activity class
» Each activity has a default window to draw in.
» The content of the window is a view or a group of views.
» View(Group) made visible via Activity.setContentView()
method.
Activities

Services
» Does not have a visual interface
» Runs in the background indefinitely
» Examples
» Network Downloads
» Playing Music
» You can bind to a an existing service and control its
operation

Broadcast Receiver
» Receive and react to broadcast announcements
» Extend the class Broadcast Receiver
» Examples of broadcasts:
» Low battery, power connected, shutdown, time zone
changed, etc.
» Other applications can initiate broadcasts

Content Providers
» Makes some of the application data available to other applications
» It’s the only way to transfer data between applications in Android
(no shared files, shared memory, pipes, etc.)
» Extends the class Content Provider;
» Other applications use a Content Resolver object to access the data
provided via a Content Provider

Activity Life Cycle
Each application runs in its own process.
Each activity of an app is run in the apps process
Processes are started and stopped as needed to run an apps
components.
Processes may be killed to reclaim needed resources.
Killed apps may be restored to their last state when
requested by the user

Most management of the life cycle is done automatically
by the system via the activity stack.
The activity class has the following method callbacks to
help you manage the app:
–onCreate()
–onStart()
–onResume()
–onPause()
–onStop()
–onRestart()
–onDestroy()

• Activities have
several states
• Lifecycle methods are
called on transitions
• You typically don’t
need to use them all,
but they are there

DDMS
Dalvik Debug Monitor Service, a GUI debugging application
shipped with the SDK. It provides screen capture, log dump,
and process examination capabilities.
Viewing heap usage for a process
DDMS allows you to view how much heap memory a
process is using. This information is useful in tracking heap
usage at a certain point of time during the execution of your
application.
Tracking memory allocation of objects
DDMS provides a feature to track objects that are being
allocated to memory and to see which classes and threads are
allocating the objects.

LOGCAT
Logcat is integrated into DDMS, and outputs the messages that you
print out using the Log class along with other system messages such
as stack traces when the exceptions are thrown.
Emulating phone operations and location
The emulator control tab lets you simulate a phone’s voice
and data network status. This is useful when you want to test your
application’s robustness in differing network environments.
Changing network state, speed, and latency
The Telephony Status section of the Emulator controls tab
lets you change different aspects of the phone’s networks status,
speed and latency.

Voice - unregistered, home, roaming, searching, denied
Data - unregistered, home, roaming, searching, denied
Speed - Full, GSM, HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA
Latency - GPRS, EDGE, UMTS
Spooling calls or SMS text messages
The Telephony Actions section of the emulator controls tab
lets you spoof calls and messages.
•Voice - Enter a number in the incoming number field and click
call to send a simulated call to the emulator or phone Click the
Hang up button to terminate the call.
•SMS - Enter a number in the incoming number field and a
message in the Message: field and click the Send button to send the
message

Setting the location of the phone
If your application depends on the location of the phone, you can
have DDMS send your device or AVD a mock location.
•Manual - set the location by manually specifying decimal
longitude and latitude values.
•GPX - GPS eXchange file
•KML - keyhole Markup Language file

• Database is saved in the device’s memory

Views
 An Activity contains Views and View Groups.
 A View is a widget that has an appearance on screen.
 A view derives from the base class android.view.View
 Examples of views are buttons, labels and text boxes.
Textview Syntax:
TextView tv;
tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textview);
tv.setText(“ Textview is displayed ”);

Button Syntax:
Button button;
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
@override
public void onClick(View arg0)
{
tv.setText(“You Clicked Button”);
}
});

View Groups
A ViewGroup provided a layout in which the order and
appearance of the views are placed.
A view derives from the base class android.view.ViewGroup.
Android supports the following ViewGroups,
LinearLayout RelativeLayout
AbsoluteLayout TableLayout
FrameLayout ScrollView

Linear Layout
Arranges views in a single column
or single row.

Absolute Layout
Enables to specify the exact location of its
children.

Table Layout
Groups views into rows and columns.

Relative Layout
Enables us to specify how child views are
positioned relative to each other.

Frame Layout
Placeholder on screen to display as a single
view.

Sample xml for a Layout ……
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@layout/roundedcorner">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/Icon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/someImage">
</ImageView>
</LinearLayout>

• One of the key features of modern smartphones is their ability to
switch screen orientation.
• Android supports two screen orientations
– portrait
– Landscape
• When you change the orientation of your Android device, your
current activity is actually destroyed and then re-created.
• You can employ two techniques to handle changes in screen
orientation
– Anchoring
– Resizing and repositioning

• Resizing and Repositioning
– customize the UI based on screen orientation is to create a
separate res/layout folder containing the XML files for the UI
of each orientation.
– To support landscape mode, you can create a new folder in the
res folder and name it as layout-land (representing landscape).
– The main.xml file contained within the layout folder defines
the UI for the activity in portrait mode, whereas the main.xml
file in the layout-land folder defines the UI in landscape mode

• Use the WindowManager class to know the device’s current
orientation during run time.
//---get the current display info---
WindowManager wm = getWindowManager();
Display d = wm.getDefaultDisplay();
if (d.getWidth() > d.getHeight())
{
//---landscape mode---
}else
{
//---portrait mode---
}

• You can programmatically force a change in orientation using
the setRequestOrientation() method of the Activity class.
– setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTAT
ION_LANDSCAPE);
– setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTAT
ION_PORTRAIT);
• You can also use the android:screenOrientation attribute on
the <activity> element in AndroidManifest.xml

 Three of the core components of an Android application -
activities, services, and broadcast receivers - are activated
through messages, called intents
 One activity starts another activity by creating/sending an
Intent
 Means of leveraging activities, services, and broadcast
receivers of other applications .

 Explicit intents
 Designate the target component by its class (the component
name field is set by the class name)
 Since component names (class name of the target activity,
for example) would generally not be known to developers
of other applications, explicit intents are typically used for
application-internal messages — such as an activity starting
a subordinate service or launching a sister activity.

Syntax for Explicit Intent:
// Explicit Intent by specifying its class
name
Intent i = new Intent(this,
TargetActivity.class);
i.putExtra("Key1", "ABC");
i.putExtra("Key2", "123");
// Starts TargetActivity
startActivity(i);

 Implicit intents
 Do not name a target (the component name field is blank).
 Implicit intents are often used to activate components in other
applications.
Syntax for Implicit Intent:
// Implicit Intent by specifying a URI
Intent i = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
uri.parse("http://www.example.com"));
// Starts Implicit Activity
startActivity(i);

Value Passing using Intent
We can pass the values by using Intent and Bundle.
Value passing by intent:
We can pass values from activity to another activity
using Intent.
Syntax:
Intent i = new (context, destination.class);
// we can put the values using “putExtra” method
i.putExtra(“key1”,”Target”);
startActivity(i);
//We can get the value in other activity using below syntax
getIntent().getCharSequenceExtra (“key1”).toString();

Value passing by Bundle:
We can also pass values from activity to another
activity using Bundle.
Syntax:
Intent i = new (context, destination.class);
Bundle b = new Bundle();
b.putCharSequence(“key1”,”android”);
i.putExtra(b);
startActivity(i);
//We can get the value in other activity using below syntax
getIntent().getExtra().getCharSequenceExtra(“key1”).toString();

Difference between Intent & Bundle:
When we are passing values directly through
Intent, there is a chance of missing values.
So, it is better to pass values through Bundle, because in
bundle there is no chance of missing values.

Toast
Toast can be used to display information for the short
period of time.
Toast class is used to show notification for a particular
interval of time. After sometime it disappears. It
doesn't block the user interaction.
Toast.maketext(Context context, CharSequence text, int
duration)

Parameters:
context : The context to use. Usually your Application or
Activity object
text : The text to show. Can be formatted text.
duration : How long to display the message.
Either LENGTH_SHORT or LENGTH_SHORT
Example:
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Hello World",Toast.LE
NGTH_SHORT).show();

Custom Toast
You are able to create custom toast in android. So, you
can display some images like congratulations or loss on the toast.
• It means you are able to customize the toast now.
Toast toast = new Toast(displayContext);
toast.SetText(stringText);
toast.SetGravity (GravityFlags.Top, offsetX, offsetY);
//toast.Show;

Example:
Toast toast = new Toast(getApplicationContext()
);
toast.setDuration(Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
toast.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_VERTIC
AL, 0, 0);
toast.setView(layout);//setting the view of cus
tom toast layout
toast.show();

• An AlertDialog is an extension of the Dialog class.
• It should be used for dialogs that use any of the following features:
– A title
– A text message
– One, two, or three buttons
– A list of selectable items (with optional checkboxes or radio
buttons)
• To create an AlertDialog, use the AlertDialog.Builder subclass.
• Get a Builder with AlertDialog.Builder(Context) and then use the
class's public methods to define all of the AlertDialog properties.
• After you're done with the Builder, retrieve the AlertDialog object
with create().
Alert Dialog

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
builder.setMessage("Are you sure you want to exit?")
.setCancelable(false)
.setPositiveButton("Yes", new
DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
{
MyActivity.this.finish();
}
})
.setNegativeButton("No", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
{
dialog.cancel();
}
});
AlertDialog alert = builder.create();

Custom Alert Dialog• Dialog is like a popup window to show some
options to users(options like accept/decline).
Using class android.app.Dialog to create dialog.
Using dialog.xml file to create custom dialog
layout.
Functionality:
Context context=getApplicationContext();
Dialog dialog=new Dialog(context);
• dialog.setTitle("Dialog Title");
• dialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATU
RE_NO_TITLE);

• Notification is just to
notify some incoming
mails and login status of
friends etc…
• Have to import these
packages import
android.app.Notification;
Import
android.app.NotificationM
anager;
•A Notification is a short
message breifly displayed
on the status line.

• It typically announces the happening of an special event for which trigger has
been set.
NotificationManager nm =
(NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification nd = new
Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher,"Alert",System.currentTimeMillis());
Intent I = new
Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse("http://www.google.co.
in"));
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, 0, i,
android.content.Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
nd.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this, "Just Click me","Go to Google page" , pi);
nm.notify(0,nd);

Spinner
• Spinner is like the combo box of AWT or Swing. It can be used to
display the multiple options to the user.
• Only one item can be selected by the user.
Example:
ArrayAdapter aa = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simp
le_spinner_item,country);
aa.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner
_dropdown_item);

Syntax:
Spinner spinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner);
// Create an ArrayAdapter using the string array and a default
spinner layout
ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter =
ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(this,R.array.
planets_array,android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item);
// Specify the layout to use when the list of choices appears
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simpl
e_spinner_dropdown_item);
// Apply the adapter to the spinner
spinner.setAdapter(adapter);

ListView ListView is a view group that displays a list of scrollable items.
 The list items are automatically inserted to the list using
an Adapter that pulls content from a source such as an array
or database query and converts each item result into a view that's
placed into the list.
Example:
ListView listview;
ArrayAdapter adp = new ArrayAdapter(this,android.R.layout.
simple_list_item_1,country);
listview.setadapter(adp);

Syntax:
ListView listview = (ListView)
findViewById(R.id.listview);
// Create an ArrayAdapter using the string array and a default
listview layout
ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter =
ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(this,R.array.
planets_array,android.R.layout.simple_list_item);
// Apply the adapter to the listview
listview.setAdapter(adapter);

• Types of application menus:
 Options Menu
The options menu is the primary collection of menu
items for an activity. It's where you should place actions that have a
global impact on the app, such as "Search," "Compose email,"
and "Settings.“
 Context Menu
A floating list of menu items that appears when the user
touches and holds a view that's registered to provide a context
menu.
Menus in Android

Plus
Home
Pre
Next
<option menu>
Sub1
Sub2
Hi
Hola
Hello
<sub-menu>
<context menu from EditText>
Long press
in EditText
 Submenu
A floating list of menu items that appears when the
user touches a menu item that contains a nested menu.

• <menu>
– Defines a Menu, which is a container for menu items
– A <menu> element must be the root node for the file and can
hold one or more <item> and <group>elements
• <item>
– Creates a MenuItem, which represents a single item in a
menu.
– This element may contain a nested <menu> element in order
to create a submenu.
• <group>
– An optional, invisible container for <item> elements.
– It allows you to categorize menu items so they share
properties such as active state and visibility

Media Player
MediaPlayer class can be used to control playback of
audio/video files and streams. Playback control of audio/video
files and streams is managed as a state machine.
• Public static MediaPlayer create (Context context,URI uri)
• Added in API level 1
• Convenience method to create a MediaPlayer for a given Uri.
On success, prepare() will already have been called and must
not be called again.

When done with the MediaPlayer, you should call release(),
to free the resources. If not released, too many MediaPlayer
instances will result in an exception.
Parameters
Context the Context to use uri the Uri from which to get the
data source holder the SurfaceHolder to use for displaying the
video
Returns
a MediaPlayer object, or null if creation failed

Supported Media Formats
Audio Format :
3GPP (.3gp)
 MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a)
ADTS raw AAC (.aac, decode in Android
3.1+, encode in Android 4.0+, ADIF not
supported)
MP3 (.mp3)
WAVE (.wav)

MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer();
// Set data source -
setDataSource("/sdcard/path_to_song");
// Play audio
mp.start();
// Pause audio
mp.pause();
// Reset mediaplayer
mp.reset();
// Get song length duration - in milliseconds
mp.getDuration();
// Get current duration - in milliseconds
mp.getCurrentDuration();
// Move song to particular second - used for Forward or Backward
mp.seekTo(positon); // position in milliseconds
// Check if song is playing or not
mp.isPlaying(); // returns true or false
Audio Player

VideoView videoView
=(VideoView)findViewById(R.id.videoView);
MediaController mediaController= new MediaController(this);
mediaController.setAnchorView(videoView);
Uri uri=Uri.parse("android.resource://"+getPackageName()
+"/"+R.raw.one);
videoView.setMediaController(mediaController);
videoView.setVideoURI(uri);
videoView.requestFocus();
videoView.start();
videoView.stopPlayback();
videoView.pause();
videoView.isPlaying();
videoView.getDuration();
videoView.getCurrentPosition();
Video Player

Services
• Run in the background
• Can continue even if Activity that started it dies
• Should be used if something needs to be done while the
user is not interacting with application
• Otherwise, a thread is probably more applicable
• Should create a new thread in the service to do work in,
since the service runs in the main thread
• Can be bound to an application
• In which case will terminate when all applications bound
to it unbind
• Allows multiple applications to communicate with it via a
common interface
• Needs to be declared in manifest file
• Like Activities, has a structured life cycle

Services
Normally Services are two types, they are
1.Synchronous Service
2.Asynchronous Service
Synchronous Service:
Service is an application component
representing either an application desire to perform a long-running
operations while not interacting with the user or to supply
functionality for other application to use.
In synchronous service we are using mainly 6 methods.

1. OnCreate()
2. OnStartCommand()
3. OnBind()
4. OnUnbind()
5. OnRebind()
6. OnDestroy()
Example:
Public void onCreate()
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
}

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
}

Asynchronous Service:
AsyncTask is a abstract class provided by android
which helps us to use the UI thread proparly.
This class allows us to perform long/background operations
and show its result on the UI thread without having to manipulate
thread.
 In Asynchronous service we are using 4 Steps.
1. OnPreExecute()
2. OnDoInBackground()
3. OnProgressUpdate()
4. OnPostExecute()

In AsyncTask we are using only 2 methods, they are
1. OnCreate()
2.OnStartCommand()
Example:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tv =
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1Sampleay
ntask);
new SampleTask().execute();
}

private class SampleTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Integer, Void>
{
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
tv.setText("******** Countdown Starts ********");
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... params)
{
return null;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values)
{
tv.setText( Integer.toString(values[0].intValue()));
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void result)
{
tv.setText("******** DONE ********");
}
}

• Broadcast Receivers simply respond to broadcast messages from
other applications or from the system itself.
• These messages are sometime called events or intents.
• For example, applications can also initiate broadcasts to let other
applications know that some data has been downloaded to the
device and is available for them to use, so this is broadcast
receiver who will intercept this communication and will initiate
appropriate action.
• There are following two important steps to make
BroadcastReceiver works for the system broadcasted intents.
< Creating the Broadcast Receiver.
< Registering Broadcast Receiver
Broadcast Receiver

Creating the Broadcast Receiver:
A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of
BroadcastReceiver class and overriding the onReceive() method where
each message is received as a Intent object parameter.
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent
intent)
{
Toast.makeText(context, "Intent Detected.",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}

Registering Broadcast Receiver:
An application listens for specific broadcast intents by registering a
broadcast receiver inAndroidManifest.xml file.
•Consider we are going to register MyReceiver for system generated
event ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED which is fired by the system
once the Android system has completed the boot process.
<receiver android:name="MyReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED">
</action>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>

• An Intent-based publish-
subscribe mechanism.
• Great for listening system events
such as SMS messages.
• An Intent-based publish-
subscribe mechanism.
• Great for listening system events
such as SMS messages.
Android
System
Android
System
Broadcast
Receiver
Broadcast
Receiver
1.Registe
r for
Broadcas
t Intent
1.Registe
r for
Broadcas
t Intent
2.OnRece
ive()
2.OnRece
ive()

• Using SQL databases in Android:
– Android (as well as iPhoneOS) uses an embedded standalone
program called sqlite3 which can be used to:
• create a database, define SQL tables, indices, queries,
views, triggers , Insert rows, delete rows, change rows,
run queries and administer a SQLite database file .
• A way of opening/creating a SQLITE database in your
local Android’s data space is given below
SQLite Database

SQLiteDatabasedb = this.openOrCreateDatabase("myfriendsDB",
MODE_PRIVATE, null);
• where the assumed prefix for the database stored in the devices
ram is: "/data/data/<CURRENT_namespace>/databases/".
• For instance if this app is created in a namespace called
“cis493.sql1”, the full name of the newly created database will
be: “/data/data/cis493.sql1/databases/myfriendsDB”.
• This file could later be used by other activities in the app or
exported out of the emulator (adbpush…) and given to a tool
such as SQLITE_ADMINISTRATOR.
SQLite Database

• Database is saved in the device’s
memory
• MODEcould be: MODE_PRIVATE,
MODE_WORLD_READABLE, and
MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE. Meaningful for
apps consisting of multiples activities.
SQLite Database

• Once created, the database is ready for normal operations
such as:
– creating, altering, dropping resources (tables, indices,
triggers, views, queries etc.) or administrating database
resources (containers, users, …).
• Actionqueries and Retrievalqueries represent the most
common operations against the database.
– A retrieval query is typically a SQL-Select command in
which a table holding a number of fields and rows is
produced as an answer to a data request.
– An actionquery usually performs maintenance and
administrative tasks such as manipulating tables, users,
environment, etc.
SQLite Database

• We will use the execSQL(…)method to manipulate SQL
action queries. The following example creates a new table
called tblAmigo.
• The table has three fields: a numeric unique identifier called
recID, and two string fields representing our friend’s
nameand phone. If a table with such a name exists it is first
dropped and then created anew. Finally three rows are
inserted in the table.
SQLite Database

• In order to process the resulting rows, the user should provide a
cursor device. Cursors allow a row-by-row access of the records
returned by the retrieval queries.
• Android offers two mechanisms for phrasing SQL-select
statements: rawQueries and simplequeries. Both return a
database cursor.
– Raw queries take for input a syntactically correct SQL-select
statement. The select query could be as complex as needed
and involve any number of tables (remember that outer joins
are not supported).
– Simple queries are compact parametized select statements
that operate on a single table (for developers who prefer not
to use SQL).
SQLite Database

• Using arguments.Assume we want to count how many friends are
there whose name is ‘BBB’ and their recID> 1. We could use the
following construction
String mySQL= "select count(*) as Total "
+ " from tblAmigo"
+ " where recID> ?"
+ " and name = ?";
String[] args= {"1", "BBB"};
Cursor c1 = db.rawQuery(mySQL, args);
SQLite Database

• query(String table, String[] columns, String
selection, String[] selectionArgs, String
groupBy, String having, String orderBy)
The method’s signature has a fixed sequence
of seven arguments representing:
– the table name,
– the columns to be retrieved,
– the search condition (where-clause),
– arguments for the where-clause,
– the group-by clause,
– having-clause, and
– the order-by clause.
SQLite Database

• The Cursor class includes a number of navigation functions :
– moveToFirst : Moves the cursor to the first row in the query
result
– moveToNext : Moves the cursor to the next row
– moveToPrevious : Moves the cursor to the previous row
– getCount : Returns the number of rows in the result set
– getColumnIndexOrThrow :Returns the index for the column
with the specified name (throwing an exception if no column
exists with that name)
– getColumnName : Returns the name of the specified column
index
– getColumnNames :Returns a string array of all the column
names in the current Cursor
– moveToPosition : Moves the Cursor to the specified row
SQLite Database

• To create a new row, construct a ContentValues object and use
its put methods to provide a value for each column.
• Insert the new row by passing the Content Values object into the
insert method called on the target database — along with the
table name.
// Create a new row of values to insert.
ContentValues newValues = new ContentValues();
// Assign values for each row.
newValues.put(COLUMN_NAME, newValue);
[ ... Repeat for each column ... ]
// Insert the row into your table
myDatabase.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, newValues);
SQLite Database

• Updating rows is also done with Content Values.
• Create a new ContentValues object, using the put methods to assign new
values to each column you want to update.
• Call update on the database, passing in the table name, the updated
Content Values object, and a where clause that specifies the row(s) to
update.
// Define the updated row content.
ContentValues updatedValues = new ContentValues();
// Assign values for each row.
newValues.put(COLUMN_NAME, newValue);
[ ... Repeat for each column ... ]
String where = KEY_ID + "=" + rowId;
// Update the row with the specified index with the new values.
myDatabase.update(DATABASE_TABLE, newValues, where, null);
SQLite Database

• To delete a row simply call delete on a database,
specifying the table name and a where clause
that returns the rows you want to delete.
myDatabase.delete(DATABASE_TABLE,
KEY_ID + "=" + rowId, null);
SQLite Database

• * If you want to share data with other applications you can use
a ContentProvider.
• * A ContentProvider allows applications to access data.
• * The access to a ContentProvider is done via an URI (Uniform
Resource Identifier). The basis for the URI is defined in the
declaration of the ContentProvider in the AndroidManifest.xml
file via the android:authorities attribute.
• * Many Android data sources, e.g. the contacts, are accessible
via ContentProviders. Typically the implementing classes for a
ContentProviders provide public constants for the URIs.
Content Provider

 Some of the useful Content Providers are,
 Browser – Stores data such as browser
bookmarks, history
 CallLog – Stores data such as missed calls, call
details.
 Contacts – Stores Contact Details
 MediaStore – Stores media files such as audio,
video and images
 Settings – Stores the settings of the device and
preferences.
 Format of the query string URI (Uniform
Resource Identifier)
 <Standard Prefix
>://<authority>/<data_path>/<id>
Content Provider

public final Cursor managedQuery (Uri uri,
String[] projection, String selection, String[]
selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
Parameters:
uri --The URI of the content provider to query.
projection --List of columns to return.
selection --SQL WHERE clause.
selectionArgs --The arguments to selection, if any ?
s are present
sortOrder --SQL ORDER BY clause.
Returns:
The Cursor returned by query ().
Content Provider

import android.provider.CallLog;
import android.database.Cursor;
// Form an array specifying the columns to
return.
String[] callLogColumnList = new String[] {
CallLog.Calls.NUMBER,
CallLog.Calls.CACHED_NAME,
CallLog.Calls.DATE,
CallLog.Calls.DURATION,
CallLog.Calls.TYPE };
// Get the base URI for the People table in the
Contacts content provider.
Uri callLogs = CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI;
Uri callLogs =
Uri.parse(“content://call_logs/calls”);
Content Provider

// Make the query.
Cursor managedCursor = managedQuery
(callLogs,
callLogColumnList, // which columns to
return
null, // Which rows to return (all
rows) null,
// Selection arguments (none)
CallLog.Calls.DATE + "DESC" //results in
descending order by date);
Content Provider

Chennai
Prithviraj
Target Soft systems
8/3, Sarojini Street,
T. Nagar, Chennai – 17.
Tel: +91-44-2433 3393.
Mob: 91-93 823 83393
raj@targetsoft.in

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