Android introduction

Aalem Daneshyar
March 4th,
2019
ANDROID
2019

Outline
:
• What is a Smartphone?
• History of Smartphones
• Operating System
• iOS
• Windows Phone
• Android
• Application
• Native
• Mobile Web
• Hybrid
• Android Architecture
• Application Development

What is a smartphone?
The Smartphones today come with many features,
including:
• High Quality Camera
• High Resolution Screens
• GPS (Global Positioning System)
• High Capacity RAMs, and storage
• High Speed (Octa-Core) CPUs
• AR and VR support
• Fingerprint and other sensors
• …

z
Simo
Today we are living in a world filled with the
highest capabilities and fully featured devices
called Smartphone, while certainly it didn't
start out that way. However the term
Smartphone appeared in "1997 when Ericsson
described its GS 88 Penelope concept as
Smartphone, but the first Smartphone, called
Simon, was developed in 1992 by IBM"
Features:
• Processor speed: 16MHz,
• RAM capacity: 1MB
• Internal Memory: 1.8MB
• Touch-screen
History:

An Operating System is a piece of software used to
manage the hardware and software in any
computing device.
The Operating Systems provide an API which insures
that the third-party applications run and operate on
device.
There are many Smartphone platforms or Operating
Systems with different features, applications, and
functionalities, including Android, iOS, Windows
Phone, BlackBerry, Symbian, Bada, Palm OS,
Windows Mobile, etc.
Operating System:

iOS is the Operating System running on Apple’s
Smartphones known as iPhone. iOS initially
known as iPhone OS, "was unveiled at the
Macworld event, early 2007”.
This version of OS lacked third-party application
support, copy and paste options, and there was
no App Store at the time, until the introduction of
second generation iPhone which supported third-
party applications and in the meanwhile the App
store was introduced
iOS:

Smartphone Operating System with a Microsoft
Windows kernel, a replacement to the predecessor
Windows Mobile OS.
"Microsoft Windows Phone 7 was announced on
February 15, 2010, and was released on November
2010”.
Windows Phone Store, launched along with Windows
Phone 7, allows the users with Windows Phone platform
to browse and download applications and games which
have been developed by the third-parties.
Windows Phone:

Android is a Linux-based computing platform designed to
be used in Smartphones and other devices including Smart
Televisions, Tablets, etc. However, the OS was initially
developed by Android Inc, but "Google purchased the
Operating System in 2005" and released the "first Android
Smartphone in 2008 called HTC Dream"
"A strong team of computer hardware and software
scientists led by Rubin developed at Google a mobile device
platform with the Linux kernel. The Android Open Source
Project (AOSP) led by the Google maintains, develops and
updates Android from time to time"
Android:

Android:
The Android code as "open-source under the
Apache License" was released by Google which is
why most of the manufacturers customize the code
for their products, and this is one of the reasons
Android has had a considerable growth compared
to any of the platforms in history of computers.

"the Operating System provides a software platform on top of
which other application programs can run"
The Operating Systems provide an API which ensures that the
third-party applications run and operate on device.

Application:
An application is a set of instructions for the
computer to perform a useful task for the user,
and the term applies to the Smartphone apps as
well. There are many Smartphone applications in
the stores today, which can be installed on the
system and perform a specified task, e.g. voice
recorder, audio player, map, document viewer,
etc.
Smartphone applications are divided into three
categories (Native, Mobile Web, and Hybrid)

Applications:
NativeNative applications are those that can be installed on the device throughout an
OS-specific online application store, and the applications that are already
installed on the device by manufacturer.
Native applications are developed specifically for one platform using a specific
programming language which can take full advantages of all the device features.
Native Apps are:
• The fastest
• Most reliable
• Most responsive
• May use all the available features of the device; such as camera, compass,
notifications, etc.

Applications: Mobile
WebWeb apps are actually just a version of a website that has been resized to fit a
Smartphone screen, which is the reason they can run on any mobile platform
including Featured-Phone and Smartphone.
"The concept unveiled with the emergence of HTML5”, a Markup Language used to
develop websites and recently mobile version websites.
Web applications are actually the websites, not real apps, which in many ways
look and feel like Native applications. Web apps are accessed using mobile web
browser and they will offer an install option which would add a bookmark to the
Smartphone's home screen.

Applications: Hybrid
The word Hybrid means something that is powered by more than one source of
power. The meaning applies to the Smartphone apps as well, a Hybrid is an
applications that is composed of both Native and Web apps, in which the Native
part of the app acts as a wrapper to the Web part.
In Hybrid concept the "Web apps are built into a Native mobile container or
framework", thus in this approach the majority of the code is written in HTML5
and the little Native part is written in OS-specific programming language.
In this approach the features of the phone, including: camera, GPS, compass,
notifications, etc., will be accessible throughout the Native part of the application,
while the contents of the website will be retrieved by the Web part of the
application.

Android Architecture
• Kernel: The kernel provides the fundamental software needed
for booting, memory management, process management,
network stack, and driver model.

Android Runtime: Android Runtime consists of Dalvik Virtual Machine and
Core Java libraries.
• Dalvik Virtual Machine: is a type of JVM used in Android devices to
run applications and is optimized for low processing power and low
memory environments
• Core Java Libraries: "These are different from Java SE and Java ME
libraries. However these libraries provides most of the functionalities
defined in the Java SE libraries."

• Libraries: "These libraries are written in C or C++" programming
languages and they enable the device to handle different types of data.
Some of those libraries are:
• Surface Manager: The Surface Manager is used for display
management and it is responsible for composing different drawing
surfaces on the screen. "It manages the access for different processes
to compose 2D and 3D graphic layers."
• Media framework: Media framework provides different media codecs
allowing the recording and playback of different media formats.
• SQLite: SQLite is the database engine used in Android for data storage
purposes.
• WebKit: It is an Open Source browser engine.

Application development requires software engineering knowledge and
skills which includes understanding of at least one programming language.
Smartphone applications are developed using JAVA, C, Objective-C and
other programming languages, based on what language is supported by the
OS. For example Kotlin, JAVA, C, and C++ for Android, Objective-C and Swift
for iOS, and C, C#, C++, and Visual Basic are used to develop applications for
Windows Phone.
Application Development

Android Studio is the official integrated development
environment for Google's Android operating system,
built on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software and designed
specifically for Android development. It is available for
download on Windows, macOS and Linux based
operating systems.
IDE

• Operating System: Windows/Mac/Linux
• CPU: Intel Core i5 or higher with Virtualization Support
• RAM: 8GB
• Storage: SSD Preferred (with 8GB of free space)
Hardware Requirement

Android introduction

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