Animal Agriculture and the Earth
- 1. ANIMAL AGRICULTURE AND THE EARTH LUCY MILLING
- 2. CORN
- 4. SOY
- 5. SOY CONSUMED DIRECTLY: Source: WWF, The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions, 2014, WWF International. 6%
- 6. 75% SOY CONSUMED BY MEAT, DAIRY, AND EGG INDUSTRIES: Source: WWF, The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions, 2014, WWF International.
- 8. Source: A Shepon et al 2016 Environ. Energy and protein feed-to-food conversion efficiencies in the US and potential food security gains from dietary changes. Res. Lett. 11 105002 TURNING PLANT CALORIES ANIMAL CALORIES
- 10. BETWEEN 1990 AND 2005, CATTLE GRAZING WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR 71% OF TOTAL DEFORESTATION OF SOUTH AMERICA. Source: V De Sy et al 2015 Environ. Res. Lett. 10 124004
- 11. MEAT AND DAIRY ARE AMONG THE MOST WATER INTENSIVE CONSUMER PRODUCTS. Source: Arjen Y Hoekstra 2014 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 091003
- 12. HOW MUCH WATER DOES IT TAKE TO MAKE COW MILK?
- 13. = Source: Hoekstra, A. Y. (2008). The water footprint of food. In J. Förare (Ed.), Water for food. Stockholm: The Swedisch Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas).
- 14. Source: Mekonnen, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2010) The green, blue and grey water footprint of farm animals and animal products, Value of Water Research Report Series No. 48, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands. WATER FOOTPRINT PER ANIMAL PER YEAR
- 15. IN THE UNITED STATES, ABOUT 130 TIMES MORE ANIMAL WASTE IS PRODUCED THAN HUMAN WASTE—ROUGHLY 5 TONS FOR EVERY U.S. CITIZEN. Source: United States. General Accounting Office. Animal Agriculture: Waste Management Practices, report, July 1, 1999; Washington D.C..
- 16. Typical hog waste lagoon in North Carolina POLLUTION
- 17. Aerial view of Coronado Feeders, Dalhart, Texas, 2012 by Mishka Henner THE MAIN CAUSES OF AMMONIA EMISSIONS ARE THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF AMMONIACAL FERTILIZERS AND THE LARGE POPULATION OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. Source: Behera, S.N., Sharma, M., Aneja, V.P. et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2013) 20: 8092.
- 18. Alexandr Trubetskoy. Eutrophication at a waste water outlet in the Potomac River, Washington, D.C. Red Tide caused by Dinoflagellates off the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier, La Jolla California. Released into the Public Domain, August 2005. P. Alejandro Díaz and Ginny Velasquez. EUTROPHICATION AND DEAD ZONES
- 19. Source: Diaz, Robert & Rosenberg, Rutger. (2008). Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems. Science (New York, N.Y.) OCEANS DEAD ZONES WORLDWIDE
- 21. Global total wild fish capture and aquaculture production in million tons, as reported by the FAO.
- 22. AN ESTIMATED 70% OF FISH POPULATIONS ARE FULLY USED, OVERUSED, OR IN CRISIS AS A RESULT OF OVERFISHING AND WARMING OCEANS Source: Davies, R., Cripps, S., Nickson, A., and Porter, G. 2009. Defining and estimating global marine fisheries bycatch. Marine Policy.
- 23. 650,000 WHALES, DOLPHINS AND SEALS KILLED YEARLY AS BYCATCH Source: Read, A., Drinker, P., and Northridge, S. 2005. Bycatch of marine mammals in U.S. and global fisheries. Conservation Biology 20: 163-9.
- 24. MARINE DEBRIS
- 25. “GHOST NETS” = 46% OF SURVEYED DEBRIS Source: Lebreton, L., Slat, B., Ferrari, F. et al. Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Sci Rep 8, 4666 (2018)
- 26. FISH FARMING Tilapia pens in Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, are choked by an algal bloom they helped create.
- 27. GREENHOUSE GAS
- 28. Source: US Environmental Protection Agency (2013) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2011, Technical Report EPA 430-R-13-001 (Environmental Protection Agency, Washington). METHANE EMISSION SOURCES
- 29. Source: US Environmental Protection Agency (2013) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2011, Technical Report EPA 430-R-13-001 (Environmental Protection Agency, Washington). METHANE EMISSIONS BY ANIMAL
- 30. Source: Clark & Tilman (2017). Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters, Volume 12, Number 6.
- 31. Source: World Resources Institute
- 32. WHICH MILK IS BEST FOR THE PLANET?
- 33. THANK YOU!
- 34. Sources Anderson, D.M., Galloway, S.B. & Joseph, J.D. (1993). Marine biotoxins and harmful algae: a national plan. Technical Report, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) 93–02. Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Barth, E F., J L. Cicmanec, J Goetz, M M. Hantush, R F. Herrmann, P T. McCauley, K. A. McClellan, M A. Mills, T L. Richardson, S Rock, S. Stoll, G Sayles, J E. Smith, AND S. Wright. (2004). RISK MANAGEMENT EVALUATION FOR CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Behera, S.N., Sharma, M., Aneja, V.P. Aneja, Balasubramanian, R. Ammonia in the Atmosphere: A Review on Emission Sources, Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition on Terrestrial Bodies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2013. Davies, R., Cripps, S., Nickson, A., and Porter, G. 2009. Defining and estimating global marine fisheries bycatch. Marine Policy. Diaz, Robert & Rosenberg, Rutger. (2008). Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems. Science (New York, N.Y.). Hoekstra, A. Y. (2008). The water footprint of food. In J. Förare (Ed.), Water for food. Stockholm: The Swedisch Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas). Hoekstra A.Y. (2010). “The Meat Crisis: Developing More Sustainable Production and Consumption.” ed J D’Silva and J Webster (London: Earthscan). Horrigan L, Lawrence RS & Walker P. (2002). How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspectives 110. A. Keledjian, B. Lowell, J. Warrenchuk, G. Shester, M. Hirshfield, D. Cano-Stocco. Wasted Catch: Unsolved Problems in U.S. Fisheries. Oceana (2014) Lebreton, L., Slat, B., Ferrari, F. et al. Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic. Sci Rep 8, 4666 (2018) doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22939-w Mekonnen, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2010). The green, blue and grey water footprint of farm animals and animal products, Value of Water Research Report Series No. 48, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands. Shepon, A, G Eshel, E Noor, and R Milo. (2016). Energy and protein feed-to-food conversion efficiencies in the US and potential food security gains from dietary changes. 2016 Environmental Research Letters 11 105002. Steinfeld H, Gerber P, Wassenaar T, Castel V, Rosales M and De Haan C. (2006). Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: FAO).
- 35. United States. General Accounting Office. Animal Agriculture: Waste Management Practices, report, July 1, 1999; Washington D.C.. US Environmental Protection Agency (2013). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2011, Technical Report EPA 430-R-13-001 (Environmental Protection Agency, Washington). V De Sy, M Herold, F Achard, R Beuchle, J G P W Clevers, E Lindquist and L Verchot. Land use patterns and related carbon losses following deforestation in South America. Environmental Research Letters, Volume 10, Number 12. IOP Publishing Limited. 2015. WWF, The Growth of Soy: Impacts and Solutions, 2014, WWF International. Sources cont.