Animalia
- 2. ~ Characteristics ~ Multicellular Eukaryotic with no cell walls Heterotrophs (consumers)
- 3. ~ Characteristics ~ Have a nervous system to respond to their environment Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food Most animals develop from a zygote becoming a A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid- filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula. gastrula
- 4. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~ The gastrula is made up of three parts: – Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface Ectoderm of the gastrula, grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue. – Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner Endoderm surface of the gastrula, develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. – Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.
- 6. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~ Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes. Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.
- 8. ~ Body Plans ~ Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical. Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.
- 9. ~ Body Plans ~ An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.
- 10. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?
- 11. ~ Body Plans ~ Acoelomates – animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities. Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid- filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm. Coelomates – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.
- 13. ~ Protection and Support ~ Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups: – Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment. – Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.
- 14. ~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla No backbones 95% of all animals are in this group
- 15. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ Sponges simplest form of animal life live in water Do not move around no symmetry Pores (holes) all over body
- 16. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.
- 17. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge
- 18. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Live in water Most have tentacles catch food with stinging cells gut for digesting
- 19. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ 2 different shapes Medusa - like a jellyfish Polyp - like a hydra
- 20. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals
- 21. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Flatworms Flat, ribbon-like body Live in water or are parasites bilateral symmetry
- 22. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Examples: Planaria eyespots detect light food and waste go in and out the same opening
- 23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Examples: Tapeworm Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food
- 24. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ Examples: Fluke parasite lives inside of host
- 25. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Roundworms – Round, tubular body – small or microscopic – bilateral symmetry – have both a mouth and anus – Live in water or are parasites
- 26. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Examples: – Hookworm – Trichinella
- 27. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Soft bodies Hard Shells Live on land or in water have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system. Important food source for humans
- 28. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda – snails and slugs – may have 1 shell – stomach-footed - move on stomach
- 29. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves – 2 shells hinged together – clams, oysters, scallops and mussels
- 30. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Cephalopods – squids and octopuses – internal mantel
- 32. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ – Segemented worms – Body divided into segments(sections) – Live in water or underground – have a nervous and circulatory system
- 33. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class Earthworms eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil
- 34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class bristleworms
- 35. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class leeches parasites that feed on blood of other animals
- 36. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ Hard, spiny skin Live in salt water Radial symmetry name means ‘spiney skinned’ endoskeleton
- 37. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber
- 38. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Body divided into sections/segments Exoskeleton Jointed legs well developed nervous system largest group of organisms on earth
- 39. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ 3 subphylums: Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.
- 40. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata is divided into 3 classes Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites Merostomata – horseshoe crabs Pycnogonida – sea spiders
- 41. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Class – Arachnida no antennae 4 pairs of legs 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks
- 43. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Class Merostomata Horseshoe crabs – Ancient group of species – Changed little over 350 million years – Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.
- 45. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata Class Pycnogonida – Sea spider
- 46. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea 5 Classes Aquatic ones have gills 2 antennae 2 body regions or segmented Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods Many species taste delicious in butter
- 48. Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes Class Insecta (insects) Class Chilopoda (Centipedes) Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
- 49. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta no antennae 3 pairs of legs 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees
- 51. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia Class Diplopoda Millipedes segmented animals Have 2 pairs of legs per segment Primarily herbivores & decomposers
- 53. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia Class Chiopoda Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores Have 1 pair of antennae Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey
- 55. ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata 5 classes Fish Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Birds