Apache CouchDB

Jul 22, 20140 likes3,179 views

Trinh Phuc Tho

The presentation provided by my study group on the Advanced DB course at FPT University, HCMC, Vietnam.

What to expect?
 Technical Overview
 Consistency Model
 Live Demo
2

Technical Overview
 Document Storage
 ACID Properties
 Compaction
 Views
 Distributed Updates
 Conflict Resolution
3

Technical Overview
So, wtf is CouchDB?
 NoSQL databases
 document store
 distributed architecture
 easy replication
4

Technical Overview
Document Storage
 use append-only files
 documents stored as JSON
 access via RESTful HTTP API
 map-reduce functions (Javascript) for views
5

Technical Overview
ACID Properties
 commitment system features all ACID properties
 never overwrite committed data (append-only)
 no shutdown process
 no “repair” command needed (Clap!!!)
6

Technical Overview
ACID Properties (2)
 document updates are serialized
 readers never have to wait on writers, even on
the same document
 Multi-version Concurrency Control (MVCC)
 additional sequence IDs (_rev) are used
7

Technical Overview
ACID Properties (3)
 2-step commit:
Step 1: Document data & associated index updates are
flushed to disk (append to file).
Step 2: The updated database header is written in
two consecutive, identical chunks
to make up the first 4 KB of the file
 Handling failures:
Case 1: Partially flushed updates are simply ignored
Case 2: The surviving copy is used
8

Technical Overview
ACID Properties (3)
9

Technical Overview
Compaction
 data cloned to a new file
 redundant data are removed
 no downtime required
10

Technical Overview
Views
 allow aggregating and reporting on documents
 use Javascript map-reduce functions
 view indexes are built only once and updated
incrementally
11

Technical Overview
Distributed Updates
 Peer-based distributed database system
 Incremental replication
(partial replication is allowed)
 Peers access & update the same data while
disconnected
 need for conflict resolution after replication
12

Technical Overview
Conflict Resolution
 allow for decentralized conflict resolution
 preserve single document semantics
 conflicting documents are also replicated
 after replication, one revision will be picked as the
“winner” by a deterministic algorithm so that the
same choice will be made on all peers
 other revisions are marked as _deleted, and will
not be removed during compaction.
13

Technical Overview
Conflict Resolution (2)
 Get conflicting revisions:
GET /db/doc_id?conflicts=true
 Fetch a history revision:
GET /db/doc_id?rev=xxxx
14

Consistency Model
 The CAP theorem
 Local Consistency
 Validation
15

Consistency Model
Local Consistency
 No Locking
17

Consistency Model
Validation
 Javascript functions are used for validation
 Context information is provided
 Updates can be approved or denied
18

References
 Apache CouchDB 1.6 documentation
http://docs.couchdb.org/en/1.6.x/
 Karel Minařík presentation at WebExpo2010
http://webexpo.net/prague2010/talk/couchdb-database-for-the-web/
 Introduction to REST & CouchDB, ULM University
http://www.slideshare.net/partlycloudy/introduction-to-rest-couchdb
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CouchDB is an open-source document-oriented NoSQL database that uses JSON to store data. It was created by Damien Katz in 2005 and became an Apache project in 2008. CouchDB stores documents in databases and provides a RESTful API for reading, adding, editing and deleting documents. It uses MVCC for concurrency and handles updates in a lockless and optimistic manner. CouchDB follows the CAP theorem and can be partitioned across multiple servers for availability. It uses MapReduce to index and query documents through JavaScript views. Replication allows synchronizing copies of databases by comparing changes. Data can also be migrated to mobile clients through integrations.

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1. Apache CouchDB Course: Advanced Databases Group 5: Trinh Phuc Tho, Vo Quoc Khanh, Hoang Trung Hieu 1

2. What to expect?  Technical Overview  Consistency Model  Live Demo 2

3. Technical Overview  Document Storage  ACID Properties  Compaction  Views  Distributed Updates  Conflict Resolution 3

4. Technical Overview So, wtf is CouchDB?  NoSQL databases  document store  distributed architecture  easy replication 4

5. Technical Overview Document Storage  use append-only files  documents stored as JSON  access via RESTful HTTP API  map-reduce functions (Javascript) for views 5

6. Technical Overview ACID Properties  commitment system features all ACID properties  never overwrite committed data (append-only)  no shutdown process  no “repair” command needed (Clap!!!) 6

7. Technical Overview ACID Properties (2)  document updates are serialized  readers never have to wait on writers, even on the same document  Multi-version Concurrency Control (MVCC)  additional sequence IDs (_rev) are used 7

8. Technical Overview ACID Properties (3)  2-step commit: Step 1: Document data & associated index updates are flushed to disk (append to file). Step 2: The updated database header is written in two consecutive, identical chunks to make up the first 4 KB of the file  Handling failures: Case 1: Partially flushed updates are simply ignored Case 2: The surviving copy is used 8

9. Technical Overview ACID Properties (3) 9

10. Technical Overview Compaction  data cloned to a new file  redundant data are removed  no downtime required 10

11. Technical Overview Views  allow aggregating and reporting on documents  use Javascript map-reduce functions  view indexes are built only once and updated incrementally 11

12. Technical Overview Distributed Updates  Peer-based distributed database system  Incremental replication (partial replication is allowed)  Peers access & update the same data while disconnected  need for conflict resolution after replication 12

13. Technical Overview Conflict Resolution  allow for decentralized conflict resolution  preserve single document semantics  conflicting documents are also replicated  after replication, one revision will be picked as the “winner” by a deterministic algorithm so that the same choice will be made on all peers  other revisions are marked as _deleted, and will not be removed during compaction. 13

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16. Consistency Model The CAP Theorem 16

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19. Live Demo  CRUD  Views 19

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