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OUTLINE
• What is an API?
• Why are API’s useful?
• What is HTTP? JSON? XML?
• What is a RESTful API?
• How do we consume an API?
• How do we create an API?
API’s are available from many large
websites and businesses
WHAT IS AN API?
• API = Application Programming Interface
• You use API’s all the time. Scanner class Java
• Web API: A set of methods exposed over the
web via HTTP to allow programmatic access to
applications.
• Allows you to quickly add functionality/data
that others have created.
• Very similar to how a web page works
WHY API’S ARE USEFUL
• Abstraction / DRY Principle
• Less data transfer
• Can be implemented or consumed in almost any language
• Can expose some methods to public developers
• Allows frontend developers and backend developers to agree
on a common interface
HTTP, JSON, XML
• Three important technologies that are often used by API’s
• HTTP: Hyper text transfer protocol, transfers data over a network
• GET : Read
• POST : Create
• PUT : Update
• PATCH : Partial Update
• DELETE : Delete
• JSON: JavaScript Object Notation, a format for data transfer
• {“key”: “value”, “key2”:{“subkey”: 2, “error”: false}}
• XML: EXtensible Markup Language: a format for data transfer
• Designed to be human and machine readable
<?PHP json_decode(‘{“key”:true}’); ?>
WHAT IS A RESTFUL API?
• Uniform Interface
• Resources (Nouns) URI’s that HTTP Verbs act on. The uniform interface
allows Client / Server to evolve independently.
• Stateless
• Ever have back button issues? Stateless does not care what order requests
are made in.
• Cacheable
• Client-Server
• Separation, client should not manage database, server should not manage
UI.
• Layered System
• Can uses layered system, cache, middle ware, load balancing, redundancy
etc.
https://api.example.com/v1/resource/identifier/relation?filtersortParams=value GitHub's API lets you star a gist with
PUT /gists/:id/star and unstar
with DELETE /gists/:id/star.
HOW TO CONSUME AN API
• Firefox: RESTClient
• Chrome: Postman
• Online: https://www.hurl.it/
• Examples:
• http://nflarrest.com/api/v1/team
• http://buscentral.herokuapp.com/suggestions POST (Feedback, message) or GET
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suHY8dLKzCU
HOW DO DESIGN AN API
• Gather requirements from stakeholders
• Create use cases, and decide the functionality needed
• Think skeptically, make sure you explore your options
• Think ahead, make a flexible system
• Easy To learn and use, even without
documentation
• Hard to misuse
• Easy to read and maintain code that
uses it
• Sufficiently powerful to satisfy
requirements and Appropriate to
audience
• Easy to evolve (Use arrays for example)
Rules for a good API
CREATING A SIMPLE API
• You can use any hostable language with a HTTP library (Almost all of them)
• Decide your resources, then decide the verbs.
• Useful to wireframe the UI at this stage
• Connect to persistent data store
• Remember the principles of REST
• Example in Node.JS: https://github.com/PatrickMurphy/VoteSmart
ADVANCED TOPICS
• Use API Keys
• pass as a parameter
• Rate Limiting
• Headers
• X-Rate-Limit-Limit - The number of allowed requests in the
current period
• X-Rate-Limit-Remaining - The number of remaining requests
in the current period
• X-Rate-Limit-Reset - The number of seconds left in the
current period
• Authentication
• A REST API should be stateless, send auth with
every request
• Use ssl, send auth username and base64 password
over authentication header
• Caching
• HTTP Provides this!
• Last-Modified header
• Etag header, hash or checksum, If-None-Match: “etag”
• Errors
• { "code" : 1234, "message" : "Something bad happened
:(", "description" : "More details about the error here" }
• Send HTTP Status 400 level
• 401 unauthorized
• 403 forbidden
• 404 not found
• 405 method not allowed
• 410 gone (depreciated)
• 422 Unprocessable entity (validation)
• 429 Too many requests (Rate limit)
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Api crash

  • 1. OUTLINE • What is an API? • Why are API’s useful? • What is HTTP? JSON? XML? • What is a RESTful API? • How do we consume an API? • How do we create an API? API’s are available from many large websites and businesses
  • 2. WHAT IS AN API? • API = Application Programming Interface • You use API’s all the time. Scanner class Java • Web API: A set of methods exposed over the web via HTTP to allow programmatic access to applications. • Allows you to quickly add functionality/data that others have created. • Very similar to how a web page works
  • 3. WHY API’S ARE USEFUL • Abstraction / DRY Principle • Less data transfer • Can be implemented or consumed in almost any language • Can expose some methods to public developers • Allows frontend developers and backend developers to agree on a common interface
  • 4. HTTP, JSON, XML • Three important technologies that are often used by API’s • HTTP: Hyper text transfer protocol, transfers data over a network • GET : Read • POST : Create • PUT : Update • PATCH : Partial Update • DELETE : Delete • JSON: JavaScript Object Notation, a format for data transfer • {“key”: “value”, “key2”:{“subkey”: 2, “error”: false}} • XML: EXtensible Markup Language: a format for data transfer • Designed to be human and machine readable <?PHP json_decode(‘{“key”:true}’); ?>
  • 5. WHAT IS A RESTFUL API? • Uniform Interface • Resources (Nouns) URI’s that HTTP Verbs act on. The uniform interface allows Client / Server to evolve independently. • Stateless • Ever have back button issues? Stateless does not care what order requests are made in. • Cacheable • Client-Server • Separation, client should not manage database, server should not manage UI. • Layered System • Can uses layered system, cache, middle ware, load balancing, redundancy etc. https://api.example.com/v1/resource/identifier/relation?filtersortParams=value GitHub's API lets you star a gist with PUT /gists/:id/star and unstar with DELETE /gists/:id/star.
  • 6. HOW TO CONSUME AN API • Firefox: RESTClient • Chrome: Postman • Online: https://www.hurl.it/ • Examples: • http://nflarrest.com/api/v1/team • http://buscentral.herokuapp.com/suggestions POST (Feedback, message) or GET • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suHY8dLKzCU
  • 7. HOW DO DESIGN AN API • Gather requirements from stakeholders • Create use cases, and decide the functionality needed • Think skeptically, make sure you explore your options • Think ahead, make a flexible system • Easy To learn and use, even without documentation • Hard to misuse • Easy to read and maintain code that uses it • Sufficiently powerful to satisfy requirements and Appropriate to audience • Easy to evolve (Use arrays for example) Rules for a good API
  • 8. CREATING A SIMPLE API • You can use any hostable language with a HTTP library (Almost all of them) • Decide your resources, then decide the verbs. • Useful to wireframe the UI at this stage • Connect to persistent data store • Remember the principles of REST • Example in Node.JS: https://github.com/PatrickMurphy/VoteSmart
  • 9. ADVANCED TOPICS • Use API Keys • pass as a parameter • Rate Limiting • Headers • X-Rate-Limit-Limit - The number of allowed requests in the current period • X-Rate-Limit-Remaining - The number of remaining requests in the current period • X-Rate-Limit-Reset - The number of seconds left in the current period • Authentication • A REST API should be stateless, send auth with every request • Use ssl, send auth username and base64 password over authentication header • Caching • HTTP Provides this! • Last-Modified header • Etag header, hash or checksum, If-None-Match: “etag” • Errors • { "code" : 1234, "message" : "Something bad happened :(", "description" : "More details about the error here" } • Send HTTP Status 400 level • 401 unauthorized • 403 forbidden • 404 not found • 405 method not allowed • 410 gone (depreciated) • 422 Unprocessable entity (validation) • 429 Too many requests (Rate limit)

Editor's Notes

  • #3: Who has worked with api’s or web services before?
  • #4: If you have learned about OOP
  • #5: Who has taken networks?