Apiculture Importance and scope. .pptx
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The document discusses the principles and practices of apiculture, or beekeeping, highlighting its importance in providing honey, beeswax, and pollination services. It details the life cycle of honey bees, classifications of different species, and the methods of honey extraction, alongside the economic impact of beekeeping in India. Additionally, the document covers marketing strategies for honey production and outlines a cost-benefit analysis for apiculture enterprises.
Apiculture Importance and scope. .pptx
- 1. COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND RESEARCH STATION MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY SANKRA , PATAN , DURG. (CG) Topic –Apiculture / Sericulture Course Title – Experiential Learning -1 Course code – FOR 5311 Code – EL ( FBT/NRM/WLS ) Credit – 5 ( 0+5 ) Year / Semester – 3rd year / 1st sem. Guided By: Dr. Harish Chandra Darro Dr. Chandra shikha Patel Presented By: Akanksha Dhruv Id - 20212772 Amar lal Karsh Id - 20212774 Nohar Dewangan Id - 20212783
- 2. INDEX • Introduction • Life cycle of honey bee • Social organization of honey bee • Species of honey bees • Bee hives • Types of bee hives • Honey extraction • Other product • Marketing of honey • Bee wax value addition • Production of honey in india • Cost benefit analysis
- 3. APICULTURE ‘Apis’ means bee. The scientific names of different species of honeybees begin with the generic name Apis. Apiculture or bee-keeping is the art of caring for, and manipulating colonies of honeybee in large quantity, over and above their own requirement. Apiculture or beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees for the production of honey and wax. Care + Management = Apiculture
- 4. IMPORTANCE OF APICULTURE 1. Provides honey, which is the most valuable nutritional food. 2. Provides bee wax which is used in many industries, including cosmetics industries, polishing industries, pharmaceutical industries, etc. 3. Plays an excellent role in pollination. Honey bees are the best pollinating agents which help in increasing the yield of several crops. 4. bees play an important role in the pollination of many flowering plants. 5. Beekeeping has positive ecological consequences.
- 5. SCOPE 1. Apiculture provides employment to the rural people. 2. Apiculture is a cottage industry , it needs minimum semi -skilled industry. 3. It is economically important because it is a profitable rural- based industry. 4. Apiculture develops as small scale industry with less capital investment. 5. Apiculture related research institution also offers employment to the research worker. 6. The important product of bee-keeping is the honey which is used as medicine and nutritive supplement.
- 6. HONEYBEE CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: Apis
- 7. HONEY BEE LIFE CYCLE The life cycle of honey bees consist of four development stage The Egg The Larvae The Pupa The Adult
- 8. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IN HONEY BEE Social or colonial insects Living in combs or nests Colonies are perennial Chemical pheromones and communicative dances are responsible for colony survival. Reproduction and colony strength depend on the queen Apis indica -50,000-1,00,000 Apis florea – 4000-5000
- 10. There are four common species of honey bee under a single genus Apis (apis = bee): 1. Apis dorsata (The rock- bee) • This is the largest honeybee. • Biggest honey bee (16-18mm) • Builds single large open comb on high branches of trees and rocks. • Produces large quantity of honey, but this bee is difficult to domesticate. • Honey yield 30-35 kg / colony • This bee is ferocious, stings severely causing fever and sometimes even death. SPECIES OF HONEY BEE
- 11. 2.Apis indica (The Indian bee) • Medium – sized • Medium size (14-15 mm) • Hive consists of several parallel combs in dark places such as cavities of tree • trunks, mud walls, earthen posts, etc. • This bee is not so ferocious and can be domesticated • Honey yield 8-10 kg / colony 3. Apis florea (The little bee) • small – sized • Smallest Apis bee (9-10mm) • Builds single small combs in bushes, hedges, etc. • Honey yield is poor. • Honey yield 1< kg / colony
- 12. 4. Apis mellifera (The European bee) • Somewhat like the Indian bee (Apis indica). • This has been introduced in many parts of the world including India. • It is easily domesticated. • Medium size (14-16 mm) • Honey yield 25-30 kg / colony
- 13. BEES HIVES • A habitation or dwelling-place constructed for bees, usually either dome-shaped or box-shaped. a natural habitation of bees, as a hollowed-out tree. • However, the most visible decision they will make is the choice of beehive. This will be the focal point for visitors as you proudly explain your love of bees and, more importantly, for your bees to enjoy as the colony thrives. • The term hive is used to describe an artificial/man-made structure to house a honey bee nest.
- 14. Langstroth Top bar Warre Horizontal or Layers Hives Types of Bees Hives
- 15. Apimaye Hives WBC hive Flow hive
- 16. OTHER EQUIPMENT'S Smoker – Used to calm down the bees while opening the hive. Bee veil – Used for preventing bee stings on face and neck Honey extractor - it is used for extraction of honey from comb and is function on the principle of centrifugal force. Knife- large sized knife used to uncap the frames before honey extraction
- 17. EXTRACTION OF HONEY Requirements: Bee veil Hive tool Bee brush Empty super bodies Uncapping knife Boiling water Drip trays Honey extractor Honey storage container Muslin cloth Steps - 1. To remove honey combs, smoke colonies and brush off bees from the honey combs using soft bee brush or bunch of soft green grass. 2. Place the honey combs in bee tight hive bodies and shift to honey extraction room. 3. Never rob the colonies of their entire honey stores. Depending on strength, keep with each colony at least 5-15kg of honey in case of Apis mellifera and 3-4 kg with A. cerana for summer and monsoon dearth periods.
- 18. 4. Honey extraction room should be bee tight. After bringing the honey frames for extraction, these can be uncapped either with a steam heated double walled uncapping knife or with ordinary uncapping knife by heating in boiling water. 5. Keep these uncapped frames in hive bodies with drip. trays below, till extraction. 6. Put the uncapped frames in honey extractor and work at about 150 revolutions per minute for 1 to 2 minutes. Then reverse the sides of the frames and. repeat the extraction process. 7. Stock the emptied frames in hive bodies and return these to the colonies for cleaning. Shorten the hive entrance to avoid robbing. 8. Since freshly extracted honey is warm and easy to strain, arrangements for straining using muslin cloth and packing should be promptly made so as to prevent subsequent heating. 9. Clean the appliances and the place where honey is extracted. 10. Beeswax collected during uncapping of honey frames should be allowed to drain off its honey.Then purify this beeswax by putting in a muslin bag and boiling in a water bath. On, cooling pure beeswax will float over the surface of water and all impurities will remain in the muslin bag.
- 20. OTHER PRODUCT Honey Beeswax Bee pollen Royal jelly
- 21. Propolis Bee bread Bee venom
- 22. Marketing of honey After going through different aspects of beekeeping including seasonal management, it is important to work out the economics of this enterprise if one goes for commercial bee keeping. It requires information of expenditure and income from a unit of an apiary. For commercial bee keeping it is recommended that one should start with minimum of 100 bee colonies. Details of expenditure and income are given below: Expenditure for 100 Apis mellifera bee colonies
- 24. PRODUCTION OF HONEY GLOBAL SCENARIO Fig.1.- Largest Honey Producing countries in the world during 2020 24
- 25. PRODUCTION OF HONEY IN INDIA 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 Production in Metric Tonns (MTs) Fig 2: Honey production in India from 2016-17 to 2020-21
- 26. Table 1: Export of honey by different countries of world Source: FAOSTAT Exporting country 2018-19 2019-20 Qty ( tonnes) Value ( USD million) Qty (tonnes) Value ( USD million) China 1,31,361 250 1,40,726 255 New Zealand 23,576 286 18,951 211 Argentina 61,323 180 67,226 177 Germany 25,134 136 24,142 134 Ukraine 61,900 140 50,173 116 Mexico 30,070 100 33,500 115 Brazil 37,072 128 30,052 110 India 34,857 107 59,536 188 Hungary 25,726 94 24,269 96 Spain 22,907 105 22,493 93
- 27. AGENCIES INVOLVED APICULTURE IN INDIA Agricultural Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) under the aegis of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry helps to promote exports of honey. National Bee Board (NBB) under the Ministry of Agriculture has contributed to overall development of scientific beekeeping in India. The Central Bee Research and Training Institute, (Pune) provide training to bee keepers
- 28. Cost benefit analysis Benefit-Cost Analysis of Apiculture Farm The market of bee products is being expanding in the last years. To make the apicultural farms successful, it requires raw materials, manpower, market but also quality of bee products. In this context, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the profitability of apicultural farms by implementing the modern management instruments: new technologies, good apicultural practices The analyse was made in two situations:- 1st - implementation of the classic methods 2nd - implementation of the modern management system (diversification of the products and increase of the quantity). The costs of production were divided in two categories: direct costs and fixed costs.
- 30. REFERENCE BOOK - Graham, J M (1992) The hive and the honey bee. Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, IIIinois. Mishra R.C. (1995) Honey bees and their management in India. ICAR Publication, New Delhi. Singh,S. (1971) Beekeeping in India, ICAR publication. Devotka K. H., (2006). Benefit-Cost analysis of apiculture enterprise: a case study of Jutpani VDC, Chitwan, Nepal, J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci.27:119-125.
- 31. Thank you