Approach to Sustainability: NBC 2016 Provisions
- 1. Approach to Sustainability: NBC 2016 Provisions S Raghunath Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, (NBA Accredited for 6 years : 2014-2020) BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore 560019 www.bmsce.ac.in [email protected] [email protected] NIVASA – an Architectural NGO www.nivasa-ngo.org ACCEI Institute & ACCE (I) Bangalore Center Sustainable Engineering Series (SES)
- 2. 1. Brief overview of the provisions in part 11, NBC 2016 2. Some thoughts on “sustainability” 3. Case studies 4. Concluding remarks Lecture contents
- 3. Part 1 of 4 Brief overview of the provisions in part 11, NBC 2016
- 4. NBC 2016 – part 11, titled “Approach to Sustainability”, covers the parameters required to be considered for planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of buildings and those relating to land development, from the point of view of sustainability. It sends out a clear advice about issues pertaining to resource consumption (materials and energy), degradation of environment and eco-balance, climate change, global warming, green-house gas emission…..and even inequitable development In other words sustainability should be addressed/understood from the life-cycle perspective and in a holistic manner All these were discussed profoundly by Dr. Ajit Sabnis
- 5. Structure of part 11, NBC - 2016 Foreword, scope (especially on provisions for persons with disability), terminology Adoptive Thermal Comfort, Biodiversity Building environment,.. built environment, …Disaster, Eco footprint, EE, EIA,.. ‘green’ roof, HSA, LCA….Re-use, Recycle,.. Skylight, SUSTAINABILITY, sustainable development, Thermal parameters,… VSA, VOC, Waste
- 6. Structure of part 11, NBC - 2016 The following sections are remarkably similar to the parameters considered in most of the current “rating systems” • SITING, FORM AND DESIGN … • EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENT AND LANDSCAPE • ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION … • MATERIALS … • WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT … • BUILDING SERVICES OPTIMIZATION … • CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES … • COMMISSIONING, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND BUILDING … • PERFORMANCE TRACKING
- 7. Part 2 of 4 Some thoughts on “sustainability”
- 8. Sustainability? • Sustainable society – is the one which manages its economic growth in such a way as to do no irreparable damage to its environment. It satisfies the needs of its people without jeopardizing the prospects of future generations • Concept of “Economy of Permanence” propounded by Dr. Joseph C Kumarappa “Sustainable Development” • “Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered” - E. F. Schumacher • “Small is Possible” - George McRobie
- 9. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
- 10. 1. the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs, to which overriding priority should be given 2. the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs 2 key concepts of sustainability
- 11. 20 180 4 280 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Food Shelter Clothing Public infrastructure Consumption (tons of material) in 70 years Natural resources consumption (tons)
- 12. Source: Materials and the Environment: Eco-informed Material Choice; author: Michael F Ashby (2014 edition)
- 13. • Wind mills • Hybrid cars • Solar panels • Gobar gas plant • Rain water harvesting • Cremation, burial • Internet communication • Cotton clothes • Plastic bags • Bicycle transport • Cement • Blended cement • Stabilized Mud Blocks/ mud-based construction • Pre-cast concrete • Monolithic concrete • Air conditioners • Electricity from thermal plants • Electricity from atomic power plants • Green buildings • Timber/bamboo based construction • Hydro-electric power • Mini-hydro-electric power generation • Solar power plants
- 15. Part 3 of 4 Case studies a) Housing projects b) Individual houses c) Educational institutions d) Others
- 17. a house in Kottamedu village in Kanchipuram dist., TN
- 19. Stabilised Adobe Blocks 5678 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 9
- 23. a typical house in Udagirinallappana Halli, Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka
- 24. Steel beam and stone chappadi roof being used in and around Udagiri
- 25. Steel beam and stone chappadi roof being used in and around Udagiri
- 26. In-situ testing – building confidence and competence in stake-holders
- 27. Ease of assembling, acceptance of technology, upgradation of skills, employment generation, 100% REUSE…. Δx approach…
- 28. Stabilized Adobe Blocks (Udagirinallappana Halli, Chikkaballapur dist.)
- 31. SAB technology at Thimmayannadoddi, Anekal taluk, Karnataka Technical inputs: Dr. Yogananda MR
- 32. Interlocking blocks with thin-bed joint mortar, Cherkady, Udipi district
- 33. Laterite blocks, Udipi, Kundapura districts
- 34. Construction labour colonies (CLCs), Bangalore
- 35. Learn from local and vernacular practices
- 37. Some case studies in semi-urban and urban segment
- 38. DRRT school, near Chickkaballapur
- 41. Courtesy: M/s AXON Concrete Products
- 42. Engineered Hollow Concrete Block Masonry: Light weight, thin mortar joints, no plastering… Reduction in materials requirement BMS-SMRC
- 43. No form work needed till roof level, minimal wet work BMS-SMRC
- 44. Masonry products and techniques developed at BMS-SMRC BMS-SMRC
- 47. RHCB Masonry, SVYM Campus, Mysore
- 48. SVYM, Mysore
- 49. RHCB Masonry, SVYM Campus, Mysore
- 50. Sadhana @ Vivekananda Institute of Leadership Development, Mysore •
- 51. Exposed EHCB masonry, partly reinforced; EE: ~ 2.4 GJ/sq.m
- 52. ZERO WASTE Planning – Design to Site Concept: Residence of Sri. Nagendra, Mysore Conventional Plan of house 3D modeled Plan of the same house Bill of Material generated from Software!
- 53. Types of blocks: Engineered Hollow Block Masonry
- 56. Plinth Beam Laying U-Blocks used for Plinth (and Lintel and Tie beams) U-blocks laid to form beam structure Metal rods for Plinth Beam inserted into U-block Pillar rods (if required) tied to the Plinth beam rods before casting plinth
- 57. Wall Construction Wall construction on top of Plinth beam starts Lighter blocks help speed up construction! Retaining old Parapet wall and continuing construction with new technology. A Day’s worth construction with 3 masons and 5 helpers!
- 58. Tools for applying mortar! Mortar applied with a special tool! Reduces wastage due to dropping inside hollow blocks, Better Packing of mortar, and uniform 10mm thick layer! Reduces effort on the Mason and speeds up a mason’s work! Uniformly laid 10mm thick mortar, packs mortar better between 2 courses and avoids wastage to a significant extent!
- 59. Reinforced Masonry Columns Pillar rods fastened to Plinth beam rods Pillar made out of blocks too! No need for box, casting, curing! Rings at each course of blocks for pillars. Pillar gets erected along with your walls! Daily by 4-5 course heights! No need for separation of wall and pillar construction! Pillar height achieved in 2 days!
- 60. Window Sills, Drilling, Cutting Inverted U-blocks for Window Sills Blocks yield extremely well for drilling and cutting tools! Window grill inserted into accurately drilled holes! Side rods (Kooti) of window grill goes into a slot cut in the brick! Brick poured with concrete for strength!
- 61. Lintel Beams -1/2 Support for Lintel Blocks (U-blocks) setup U-Blocks placed to form running lintel along all walls A Typical doorway opening when casting Lintel using U-blocks U-blocks cut in 45 degrees to negotiate a corner! U- blocks completely placed on all running walls!
- 62. Lintel Beams -2/2 Inserting beam rods into u-blocks! Casting of Lintel! Lintel after casting! Next course can start immediately a day after casting!
- 63. Electrical Switchboxes, Conduits Electrical switch boxes, and ducts placed as the walls come up! NO NEED TO TEAR/BREAK WALLS! Electrical conduits are routed through the Hollow blocks during construction! Blocks cut with a diamond cutting tool, metal boxes for switches fastened to them at site!
- 64. Finishing – No Plastering! Puttying First round for all covering all pointing zones. (Both Internal walls and external no plastering required!) Walls After first round of putty finish Walls After second round of putty finish!
- 65. Nearly Finished!
- 66. Recent developments in mortar-less masonry – Dry stack, interlocking Ar. Rajesh Jain, Mysore
- 67. Engineered dry-interlocking blocks with provision for vertical reinforcement (photo courtesy: Sri. NR Ashok, Mysuru)
- 68. Comply robust design Satisfy anthropo-dynamic requirements
- 69. Flexibility in floor plans
- 70. Photo courtesy: Jagadish KS
- 71. SMB vaulted roof
- 72. • Jack arch roofing and • Opening on western wall • Solar passive architecture
- 73. Residence of Sri. Ramesh Kikkeri, Mysore; exposed EHCB masonry, EE: 1.05 GJ/sq.m
- 74. Residence of Sri. Ramesh Kikkeri, Mysore; near zero sewage discharge, full-solar heating, full-rain water harvesting, partial solar electricity
- 75. Research work by Varsha BN
- 76. Engineered masonry systems have been gaining acceptance, possibly for multiple benefits it offers – cost, aesthetics, variety, and structural benefits. Perhaps, low-embodied energy is a by-product of this choice. Research work by Varsha BN
- 77. Part 4 of 4 Concluding remarks
- 78. Some personal thoughts…. • Develop technologies that satisfy ‘Reduce – Re-use & Re-cycle….’ tenets • Exploit local resources – local human resource (with skill-set), local material, local machinery etc. • Avoid capital intensive technologies since they are very cost sensitive to time over runs – work out the overall economics
- 80. Some personal thoughts…. • develop and promote technologies that – Generate employment – Sustain employment – Upgrade skills – Encourage participation from wide skill sets – Open up new skill-sets
- 81. Promote “co-operative movement friendly” technologies Ferrocement factory, Sholinghur, TN, producing elements for community toilets
- 82. Master Plannery – Puttur, (photo courtesy: NR Ashok)
- 83. • Avoid ‘thrusting’ of new technologies for masses – technology transfer should be top-down and not other way. • Do not use ‘new technology’ projects for field trials in housing projects. Carry out field trials for individual houses. • Do not use laboratory results alone to promote new technologies Some personal thoughts….
- 84. • Adopt culturally sensitive technologies • Housing units should not be driven by ‘modularity’ – provision of flexibility in planning is almost mandatory. Try modularizing components of house. • Develop technology that helps a house to ‘grow’ – building in phases is culturally accepted in most parts of India Some personal thoughts….
- 85. Every technology has ‘temporal’ & ‘spatial’ acceptability
- 86. • Invariably building technologies are not maintenance free, factor for maintenance cost and time • Ensure that newer technologies gets acceptance through ‘codes of practice’ • Do not use natural disasters to ‘kill’ traditional technologies, instead, poor performance during disasters may be taken as an opportunity to improve them • Never show case ‘green points’ of opulent buildings to promote technology – it is an insult to economically weaker sections
- 87. Natural disasters should not be used as excuse to kill technologies!
- 88. Learn from failures and improve technologies
- 89. Technologies should be amenable for innovation!!!
- 90. • Integrate building technologies with other services in a housing project • Avoid ‘cartel’ technologies and technologies which rely heavily on outside resources Some personal thoughts….
- 91. • Do not ‘sell’ new technologies; educate stake holders about new technologies • Do not compare technologies through laboratory results alone • Educate stake holders through ‘recipe’ concept Some personal thoughts….
- 92. • Do not give ‘as-built’ house; promote ‘build-as-you- like’ but sustainable house • Prepare ‘trouble shooting’ manuals for every technology Some personal thoughts….
- 93. Unacceptable!
- 94. • Show case technologies through ‘tech parks’ • Do not give ‘as-built’ housing; promote ‘build-as- you-can’ housing projects. Encourage co-operative movement • Do not attribute ‘non-acceptance’ of building technologies to ‘mind-set’ of beneficiaries, very often technologies are not accepted due to non- technical reasons Some personal thoughts….
- 95. a comment.. Striking a balance between: Aspirations, Possibilities and Demands within the frame-work of sustainable development is the most arduous task for persons engaged in educating stake-holders on sustainable approach.
- 96. Technology is not a ‘panacea’ for solving housing problems, it is only a part of the solution…sometimes it is the part of the problem too!
- 97. Reduce Re-use Re-cycle Refuse Re-invent Re-think Re-purpose, Repair, Rehabilitate, Retrofit.. .. … Respect Natural Resources
- 98. Contact S Raghunath Professor, Department of Civil Engineering BMS College of Engineering Phone: +91 80 98457 94060 email: [email protected] [email protected] www.bmsce.ac.in www.nivasa-ngo.org Thank you!