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MAKING THINGS TALK
                                  An introduction to the basics of making with Arduino |  HAW x MASE |  Hamburg, Germany |  16.04.2012
flickr user hildeengwenverbouwen




                                                        Jörn Sandner |  Prof. Franziska Hübler |  Jeremy Tai Abbett
TOPICS
                                     Introduction          Introduction in Programming




                                   Basic Electronics             Getting Started




                                   The Arduino Board                Exercises
Image via http://vasastudio.com/
TOPICS
  Introduction          Introduction in Programming




Basic Electronics             Getting Started




The Arduino Board                Exercises
WHAT ARE WE DOING



           Hardware
      Getting closer to electronic circuits



             Software
     Writing simple software for hardware
THE ONE IN FRONT

   Jörn Sandner
   Master Microelectronic Systems
   Study at the FH Heide
   plus one semester at the HAW Hamburg
Arduino Basics
TOPICS
  Introduction          Introduction in Programming




Basic Electronics             Getting Started




The Arduino Board                Exercises
VOLTAGE & CURRENT


Voltage: speed of        Current: amount
the electrons            of electrons
> potential difference   > resistance of the circuit
CIRCUIT
button              light (LED)



         resistor



         +     -

         battery
CIRCUIT



current direction


    +      -

    battery
FUNCTIONAL VIEW
“input”                                     “output”
          button              light (LED)



                   resistor



                   +     -

                   battery
FUNCTIONAL VIEW
“input”                                             “output”
                button              light (LED)



                         resistor



                         +     -

                         battery

          NOW: Put some “intelligence” in between
TOPICS
  Introduction          Introduction in Programming




Basic Electronics             Getting Started




The Arduino Board                Exercises
THE ARDUINO BOARD
         Serial to USB Converter   Digital In & Out Pins




           USB Port

                                                               Power LED

                                                               Microcontroller
Power Supply Connection


                                     Power Pins    Analog Input Pins
SOFTWARE




arduino.cc         fritzing.org
DIGITAL OUT / DIGITAL IN

            ‣ Two States
              ‣ ON / HIGH / 1
              ‣ OFF / LOW / 0

            ‣ Port mode (in/out)
              controlled by software
            ‣ 12 Ports available
              ‣ some with special functions
DIGITAL OUT / DIGITAL IN

  voltage
                            HIGH
     5V+

      4

      3

      2

      1                                         LOW
   GND
            0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8    9    10   time
DIGITAL PORTS
“input”                   “output”
 On/Off                    On/Off
ANALOG PORTS

      ‣ Value range instead
        of state
        ‣ Input 0 -1023
        ‣ Output 0 -255 (analog output
          shared with digital out)
ANALOG PORTS


         0   1023




             255




              0
ANALOG IN

voltage

   5V+

    4

    3

    2

    1

 GND
          0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   time
ANALOG OUT


‣ There is no real variable voltage output
‣ Analog signal is generated by waveform with
  constant voltage and constant frequency
ANALOG OUT

voltage

   5V+

    4

    3

    2

    1

 GND
          0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   time
ANALOG OUT
                                                       Always same
                                                          period
voltage
                                                        Always 5V
   5V+

    4

    3

    2

    1

 GND
          0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10     time
ANALOG OUT
                                                        Always same
                                                           period
voltage
                                                         Always 5V
   5V+

    4
                                          Getting different values
                                          by moving the middle
    3                                     line within the period

    2

    1

 GND
          0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9    10     time
ANALOG OUT

voltage
              50%       75%   25%           100%
   5V+

    4

    3

    2

    1

 GND
          0     1   2     3   4     5   6   7      8   9   10   time
ANALOG OUT

voltage

   5V+

    4

    3

    2

    1

 GND
          0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   time
ANALOG RANGE ADAPTION
    1023

               255




                0


     0
TOPICS
  Introduction          Introduction in Programming




Basic Electronics             Getting Started




The Arduino Board                Exercises
PROGRAMMING
      Basic setup (bare minimum)

void setup()
{
     // running one time
     // do basic setup of the Arduino Board
}

void loop()
{
     // running for ever
     // your code

}
PROGRAMMING
       Blink

/*void setup()
{
     // Pin 13 connected
   pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
     digitalWrite(13, HIGH);   //   set the LED on
     delay(1000);              //   wait for a second
     digitalWrite(13, LOW);    //   set the LED off
     delay(1000);              //   wait for a second
}
SOME STRUCTURES


‣ Your Arduino is busy when busy
 ‣ One task at time

‣ The program code is executed sequentially –
  step by step
 ‣ A command has to wait until it‘s previous has executed
SOME PROGRAMMING
      BASICS
‣ Save and recall values
 ‣ int myValue = 54;

‣ Call functions
 ‣ digitalWrite(myValue, HIGH);
 ‣ myValue = analogRead(0);

‣ Conditional execution
 ‣ if (myValue == 54) { // } else { // }
‣ Repeat commands
 ‣ for(int i = 0; i<10; i++) { // }
SOME FUNCTIONS
‣ pinMode()
‣ digitalWrite()
‣ digitalRead()
‣ analogReference()
‣ analogRead()
‣ analogWrite() – PWM
‣ outValue = map (inValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); //
  remember range conversion


 See http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage
TOPICS
  Introduction          Introduction in Programming




Basic Electronics             Getting Started




The Arduino Board                Exercises
GETTING STARTED
 WITH BLINKING LED

‣ Gather in groups
‣ Get a Fritzing Kit
‣ Start Arduino software
‣ Follow me…
TOPICS
  Introduction          Introduction in Programming




Basic Electronics             Getting Started




The Arduino Board                Exercises
ANALOG OUT
WITH FADING




 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2cLxmNnpOE
ANALOG IN WITH SERVO
      AND POT




     http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS6cntJ_LqQ
ANALOG IN WITH SERVO
      AND LDR




     http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9J3mDYy0Sg
PANDORA’S BOX


20 cm
                 Lady Ada Sensors
                 http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/



                 Interfacing With Hardware
                 http://arduino.cc/playground/Main/InterfacingWithHardware



                 Index of Arudino Knowledge
                 http://www.freeduino.org/


         20 cm
THE END OF THE BEGINNING
                 Jörn Sandner |  Prof. Franziska Hübler |  Jeremy Tai Abbett




 Truth Dare Double Dare |  www.truthdaredoubledare.com |  hello@truthdaredoubledare.com
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Arduino Basics

  • 1. MAKING THINGS TALK An introduction to the basics of making with Arduino |  HAW x MASE |  Hamburg, Germany |  16.04.2012 flickr user hildeengwenverbouwen Jörn Sandner |  Prof. Franziska Hübler |  Jeremy Tai Abbett
  • 2. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises Image via http://vasastudio.com/
  • 3. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises
  • 4. WHAT ARE WE DOING Hardware Getting closer to electronic circuits Software Writing simple software for hardware
  • 5. THE ONE IN FRONT Jörn Sandner Master Microelectronic Systems Study at the FH Heide plus one semester at the HAW Hamburg
  • 7. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises
  • 8. VOLTAGE & CURRENT Voltage: speed of Current: amount the electrons of electrons > potential difference > resistance of the circuit
  • 9. CIRCUIT button light (LED) resistor + - battery
  • 11. FUNCTIONAL VIEW “input” “output” button light (LED) resistor + - battery
  • 12. FUNCTIONAL VIEW “input” “output” button light (LED) resistor + - battery NOW: Put some “intelligence” in between
  • 13. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises
  • 14. THE ARDUINO BOARD Serial to USB Converter Digital In & Out Pins USB Port Power LED Microcontroller Power Supply Connection Power Pins Analog Input Pins
  • 15. SOFTWARE arduino.cc fritzing.org
  • 16. DIGITAL OUT / DIGITAL IN ‣ Two States ‣ ON / HIGH / 1 ‣ OFF / LOW / 0 ‣ Port mode (in/out) controlled by software ‣ 12 Ports available ‣ some with special functions
  • 17. DIGITAL OUT / DIGITAL IN voltage HIGH 5V+ 4 3 2 1 LOW GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 18. DIGITAL PORTS “input” “output” On/Off On/Off
  • 19. ANALOG PORTS ‣ Value range instead of state ‣ Input 0 -1023 ‣ Output 0 -255 (analog output shared with digital out)
  • 20. ANALOG PORTS 0 1023 255 0
  • 21. ANALOG IN voltage 5V+ 4 3 2 1 GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 22. ANALOG OUT ‣ There is no real variable voltage output ‣ Analog signal is generated by waveform with constant voltage and constant frequency
  • 23. ANALOG OUT voltage 5V+ 4 3 2 1 GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 24. ANALOG OUT Always same period voltage Always 5V 5V+ 4 3 2 1 GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 25. ANALOG OUT Always same period voltage Always 5V 5V+ 4 Getting different values by moving the middle 3 line within the period 2 1 GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 26. ANALOG OUT voltage 50% 75% 25% 100% 5V+ 4 3 2 1 GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 27. ANALOG OUT voltage 5V+ 4 3 2 1 GND 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time
  • 28. ANALOG RANGE ADAPTION 1023 255 0 0
  • 29. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises
  • 30. PROGRAMMING Basic setup (bare minimum) void setup() { // running one time // do basic setup of the Arduino Board } void loop() { // running for ever // your code }
  • 31. PROGRAMMING Blink /*void setup() { // Pin 13 connected pinMode(13, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // set the LED on delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(13, LOW); // set the LED off delay(1000); // wait for a second }
  • 32. SOME STRUCTURES ‣ Your Arduino is busy when busy ‣ One task at time ‣ The program code is executed sequentially – step by step ‣ A command has to wait until it‘s previous has executed
  • 33. SOME PROGRAMMING BASICS ‣ Save and recall values ‣ int myValue = 54; ‣ Call functions ‣ digitalWrite(myValue, HIGH); ‣ myValue = analogRead(0); ‣ Conditional execution ‣ if (myValue == 54) { // } else { // } ‣ Repeat commands ‣ for(int i = 0; i<10; i++) { // }
  • 34. SOME FUNCTIONS ‣ pinMode() ‣ digitalWrite() ‣ digitalRead() ‣ analogReference() ‣ analogRead() ‣ analogWrite() – PWM ‣ outValue = map (inValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255); // remember range conversion See http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage
  • 35. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises
  • 36. GETTING STARTED WITH BLINKING LED ‣ Gather in groups ‣ Get a Fritzing Kit ‣ Start Arduino software ‣ Follow me…
  • 37. TOPICS Introduction Introduction in Programming Basic Electronics Getting Started The Arduino Board Exercises
  • 38. ANALOG OUT WITH FADING http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2cLxmNnpOE
  • 39. ANALOG IN WITH SERVO AND POT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS6cntJ_LqQ
  • 40. ANALOG IN WITH SERVO AND LDR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9J3mDYy0Sg
  • 41. PANDORA’S BOX 20 cm Lady Ada Sensors http://www.ladyada.net/learn/sensors/ Interfacing With Hardware http://arduino.cc/playground/Main/InterfacingWithHardware Index of Arudino Knowledge http://www.freeduino.org/ 20 cm
  • 42. THE END OF THE BEGINNING Jörn Sandner |  Prof. Franziska Hübler |  Jeremy Tai Abbett Truth Dare Double Dare |  www.truthdaredoubledare.com |  [email protected]