Array assignment

1
ARRAY:
An array is a “contiguous memory location*”
Contiguous memory location means “ memory blocks having consecutive addresses”.
An array is a group of consecutive memory location with same name and type. Simple
variable is a single memory location with unique name and a type.
The memory locations in the array are known as elements of array. The total number of
elements in the array is called its length. Each element in the array is accessed with
reference to its position of the location in the array. This position is called index. Each
element in the array has a unique index. The index of first element is 0 and the index of
last element is length. The value of the index is written in brackets along with the name
of the array.
An array is a collective name given to a group of similar quantities. These similar
quantities could be percentage marks of 100 students, number of chairs in home, or
salaries of 300 employees or ages of 25 students. Thus an array is a collection of similar
elements. These similar elements could be all integers or all floats or all characters etc.
ARRAY DECLARATION:
The process of specifying array name, length, and data type is called array declaration.
Syntax = Data type _name of array[length];

2
ARRAY INITIALIZATION:
The process of assigning values to array elements at the time of array declaration is called
array initialization. The initialization process provides a list of initial values for array
elements. The values are separated with commas and enclosed within braces.
Syntax = Data type _name of array[length] = {list of values};
ACCESSING ARRAY ELEMENTS USING LOOPS:
An easier and faster way of accessing array elements in using loops. The following
examples shows how array elements can be accessed using for loop.
int marks[5];
for(inti=0; i<5; i++)
marks[i]=i;
The above example uses for loop to store different values in the array .It uses the counter
variable ’i’ as an index. In each iteration, the value of ’i’ is changed. The statement
marks[i] refers to different array element in each iteration.
INPUT AND OUTPUT VALUES OF AN ARRAY:
The process of input and output with arrays is similar to the Input and output with simple
variables. The cin object is used to input values in the arrays. The cout object is used to
display values of arrays.
USES OF ARRAYS:
Some uses of arrays are as follows:
 Arrays can store a large number of values with single name.
 Arrays are used to process many values easily and quickly.
 The values stored in arrays can be sorted easily.
 A search process can be applied on arrays easily.
 Array can perform matrix operations
ARRAY DATA TYPES:
Data type indicates the value to be stored in the array.
Int It stores integer data and its capacity is 4 bytes (32 bits).
Float It stores integeras well as fractional data its capcity is 4 bytes (32 bits).
Char It stores characters (alphabets) its capacity is 1 byte (8 bits).
Double It also stores fractional data like float its capacity is 4 bytes.

3
TYPES OF ARRAY:
Arrays can of following types:
I. Single-Dimensional Array. (1D array )
II. Multi-Dimensional Array. (2D array )
SINGLE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY:
A type of array in which all elements are arranged in the form of a list is known as one
dimensional array. It is also called one-dimensional array. It consists of one column or
one row. The elements are stored in consecutive memory locations. E.g. A [1], A [2]... A
[N].
SYNTAX:
The syntax of declaring one-dimensional array is as follows:
Data type _identifier[length];
Data _Type: It indicates the data types of the values to be stored in the array.
Identifier: It indicates the name of the array.
Length: It indicates total number of elements in the array. It must be a literal
constant or symbolic constant.
EXAMPLE:
int x[7];
It allocates seven consecutive locations in memory. The index of first element is 0 and
index of last element is 6.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY:
In multi-dimensional array there is two-dimensional array which can be considered as a
table that consists of rows and column. Each element in 2-D array is referred with the
help of two indexes. One index is used to indicate the row and the second index indicates
the column of the element.. It is also called matrix array because in it the elements form a
matrix. E.g. A [2] [3] has 2 rows and 3 columns and 2*3 = 6 elements.

4
SYNTAX:
The syntax of declaring two-dimensional array is as follows:
Data type _identifier[Rows][column];
Data _Type: It indicates the data types of the values to be stored in the array.
Identifier: It indicates the name of the array.
Rows: It indicates number of rows in the array. It must be a literal constant or
symbolic constant.
column: It indicates number of column in the array. It must be a literal constant.
EXAMPLE:
intArr[3][4];
The statement declares a two-dimensional array. The first index indicates array contain
three rows. The index of first row is 0 and the index of last row is 2. The second index
indicates that each row in the array contains three columns. The index of first column is 0
and the index of last column is 3. The total number of elements can be determined by
multiplying rows and columns. It means that array contains twelve element

5
PROGRAMS OF ARRAY
1. Write a program to find the highest and second highest number? Using array.
DESCRIPTION:
In this program we find highest and second highest number. In the program we
will the input from user and use FOR loop statement to completing the program.
INPUT:
Enter 0 Number
Enter 1 Number
Enter 2 Number
Enter 3 Number
Enter 4 Number
METHOD:
This program will take an integer array as input and by using FOR loop it will give highest and
second highest as output
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a[5],highest=0,secondhighest=0;
for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
cout<<" Enter "<<i<<" Number =";
cin>>a[i];
}
for (int j=0; j<5; j++)
{
if (a[j] > highest)
{
highest = a[j];
}
}
cout<<"Highest Number is ="<<highest<<"n";
for (int k=0; k<5; k++)
{
if (a[k] > secondhighest && a[k] < highest)
{
secondhighest = a[k];
}
}
cout<<"Second Highest Number is ="
cout<<secondhighest<<"n";
getch();
}

6
OUTPUT:
Enter 0 Number =90
Enter 1 Number =7
Enter 2 Number =60
Enter 3 Number =55
Enter 4 Number =40
Highest Number is =90
Second Highest Number is =70
2. Write a program to find highest and lowest number? Using array.
DESCRIPTION:
In this program we will find the highest and lowest numbers. In that program the input from
user and use FOR loop statement to completing the program.
INPUT:
Enter 0 Number, Enter 1 Number, Enter 2 Number, Enter 3 Number, Enter 4 Number
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[5];
for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
cout<<" Enter "<<i<<" Number = ";
cin>>a[i];
cout<<"n";
}
int highest=a[0],lowest=a[0];
for (int j=0; j<5; j++)
{
if (a[j] > highest)
{
highest = a[j];
}
}
cout<<"Highest Number is =";
cout<<highest<<”nn”;
for (int k=0; k<5; k++)
{
if (a[k] < lowest)
{
lowest = a[k];
}
}
cout<<"Lowest Number is ="<<lowest<<”nn”;
getch();
}

7
OUTPUT:
Enter 0 Number =1000
Enter 1 Number =899
Enter 2 Number =678
Enter 3 Number =45
Enter 4 Number =55
Highest Number is =1000
Lowest Number is =45
3. Write a program to find the average? Using array
DESCRIPTION:
In this program we will find average (means that sum of total numbers divided by
total numbers) of the number with the help of FOR loop statement.
INPUT:
Enter Number (This message will be displayed 5 times)
METHOD:
This program will take integer array i-e.; m [5] as input and by using FOR loop it will
give average by finding first the sum of the numbers given by user and then dividing by total
number of values as output.
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
void main ()
{
clrscr();
int m[5];
float average;
for (int s=0; s<5; s++)
{
cout<<"Enter Number "<<s<<" = ";
cin>>m[s];
cout<<"n";
}
float z=0;
for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
z=z+m[i];
}
average=z/5;
cout<<"Average is ="<<average<<"n";
getch();
}

8
OUTPUT:
Enter Number = 50
Enter Number= 50
Enter Number= 50
Enter Number=50
Enter Number=50
Average is = 50
4. Write a program to find the marks of math and declare that how many students pass
and fail in math subject? Using array.
DESCRIPTION:
In this question we type the program in c++ for the marks of math student and show
the result that how many student are passed in math and how many student are failed in math
with the help of FOR loop statement.
INPUT:
Enter Marks of Student No 0 of Math
METHOD:
This program will take integer array as input. user enter the numbers of mathematics of five
students in that array then by using FOR loop and IF ELSE statement it will give output of total
number of PASSED and FAILED students.
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int s[5];
for (int j=0; j<5; j++)
{
if (s[j] >=50)
{
pass=pass+1;
}

9
for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
cout<<"Enter Marks of Student No "
cout<<i<<" of math"<<" = ";
cin>>s[i];
cout<<"n";
}
int pass=0,fail=0;
else
{
fail=fail+1;
}
}
cout<<"passed student are ="<<pass<<”nn”;
cout<<"failed student are ="<<fail<<”nn”;
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter Marks of Student No 0 of Math = 78
passed student are = 3
failed student are = 2
5. Write a program to find the multiple of matrix? Using Array.
DESCRIPTION:
In this program we multiply the matrix (2*2) in the array by using FOR loop statement.
INPUT:
Multiplication of Matrix is (This message will be displayed only one time)
PROGRAM:

10
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a[3][3],b[3][3],i,j,k,sum;
cout<<"First Matrix"<<“n”;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cout<<"Enter number :";
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"Second Matrix"<<“n”;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
cout<<"Enter number :";
METHOD:
cin>>b[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"Multiplication is"<<“n”;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
sum=sum,+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
cout<<sum<<"t";
}
cout<<“n”;
}
getch();
}
In this program we first enter the elements 9 times for each matrix. There variable “i” is
used for the rows and variable “j” is used for the columns and the sum variable is used to
find the individual product of each element as the multiplication formula is “ 1st rows
elements of 1st matrix * 1st column elements of 2nd matric and add them together. After
calculation product is displayed at the end ./t is used to give 8 spaces.

11
OUTPUT:
First Matrix
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Second Matrix
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Enter the number1
Multiplication is
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 3 3
6. Write a program for the addition of matrix? Using Array.
DESCRIPTION:

In this program we will add the matric (2x2) in the array by using FOR loop statement.
12
INPUT:
First Matrix
Enter Element (This message will be displayed 4 times)
Second Matrix
Enter Element (This message will also be displayed 4 times)
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
int a[2][2],b[2][2],c[2][2], i, j;
cout<<" First Matrix "<<"n";
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
cout<<"Enter Element = ";
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
cout<<" Second Matrix "<<"n";
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
cin>>b[i][j];
}
}
cout<<" Addition of Matrix "<<"n";
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
cout<<c[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"nn";
}
getch();
}
METHOD:
In this program we first enter the elements 4 times for each matrix in two arrays i-e.;
a[2][2] and b[2][2].By using Nested FOR loop 1st element of 1st matrix is added with
1st element of 2nd matrix, 2nd of 1st matrix with 2nd of 2nd matrix and so on . Program will
give one matrix after addition of two as output.
OUTPUT:

13
First Matrix
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 2
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Second Matrix
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Addition of matrix
2 3
2 2
7. Write a program for the subtraction of matrix? Using Array.
DESCRIPTION:
In this program we subtract the matrix in the array by using FOR loop statement.
INPUT:
First Matrix
Enter Element (This message will be displayed 4 times)
Second Matrix
Enter Element (This message will also be displayed 4 times)
METHOD:
In this program we first enter the elements 4 times for each matrix in two arrays i-e.;
a[2][2] and b[2][2].By using Nested FOR loop 1st element of 1st matrix is subtracted
with 1st element of 2nd matrix, 2nd of 1st matrix with 2nd of 2nd matrix and so on .
Program will give one matrix c[2][2] after subtraction of two as output.
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
int a[2][2],b[2][2],c[2][2], i, j;
cout<<" First Matrix "<<"n";
cin>>b[i][j];
}
}
cout<<" Subtraction of Matrix "<<"n";
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{

14
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
cout<<" Second Matrix "<<"n";
for(i=0;i<2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
for(j=0;j<2;j++)
{
c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
cout<<c[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<"nn";
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
First Matrix
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 2
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Second Matrix
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Enter Element = 1
Subtraction of matrix
0 1
0 0
8. Write a program that inputs values from the user, stores them in an array and displays
the sum.
DESCRIPTION:
This program will take the input of 5 numbers from the user and by using for loop in
array it will calculate the sum of these numbers and then find the average by dividing the
sum of values by the number of values.

15
INPUT:
Enter value: (This message will be displayed 5 times)
METHOD:
The above example initializes the variable sum to 0. The first loop gets five inputs. The
second loop again visits all elements of the array. In first iteration, the value of counter
variable is 0. So it adds the value of first elements and the value of Sum and stores the
result in sum. In second iteration, it adds the value of second element and sum and then
stores the result back to sum and so on.
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[5], i, sum=0;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
cout<<”Enter value=”;
OUTPUT:
cin>>arr[i];
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
sum=sum+arr[i];
}
cout<<”sum is=”<<sum<<“n”;
getch();
}
Enter value=3
Enter value=7
Enter value=5
Enter value=9
Enter value=6
Sum is=30

9. Write a program that inputs the age of different users and counts the number of
16
persons in the age group of 50 to 60.
DESCRIPTION:
This program will take the input from the user and the number of users will also be taken
at run time. After this it will asks for the ages of people. By using for loop and IF
Statement in array it will display the number of persons in the age group 50 and 60 if the
condition satisfies.
INPUT:
Enter the number of person required= (This message will be displayed as much time as
user required)
Enter ages of persons = (This will take the ages of persons)
METHOD:
In this program the user first enters the number of person and their ages with the help of
one-dimensional array in the loop and by applying if condition user easily determine the
ages in between 50 and 60. Taking “sum” as a variable equals to zero as condition
satisfied in the if statement the value of sum increment and at the end it stores a value
which shows the ages of person which is in between 50 and 60.
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int age[10], i, n, sum=0;
cout<<”Enter the number of person
required=”;
cin>>n;
cout<<”Enter ages
of”<<n<<”persons=”<<“n”;
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
cin>>age[i];
}
for(int z=0; z<n; z++)
{
if(age[z]>=50 && age[z]<=60)
{
Sum=sum+1;
}
cout<<sum<<”persons are between 50 and
60.”;
getch();
}

17
OUTPUT:
10. Write a program that input values from the user and stores them in an array. It
displays the location of those values.
DESCRIPTION:
This program will take the input from the user and it will displays the location of that
element stored in that array by using For Loop.
INPUT:
Enter values to find their location= (This message will take the input from user 5 times)
METHOD:
In this program the user enters number in the array and it stores in array with their
specific locations. The loop searches the array stores the value of their index. The
program checks the value that is stored over it and by taking a new variable which is
equal to the loop in which the value is stored we can easily determine their locations.
PROGRAM:
Enter the number of person required=3
Enter ages of 3 persons=
51
55
34
2 persons are between 50 and 60.

18
OUTPUT:
#include<conio.h>
void main()
11. Write a program that inputs the marks of 3 students in three different subjects
.If student is passed in two subjects then he will be considered pass and displays
the number of pass students and also displays the number of students who fail.
{
Int a[5], i, locat, h;
Cout<<”Enter values to find their
location=”;
for(i= 0; i<5; i++)
{
cin>>a[i];
}
for(int d=0; d<5; d++)
{
h=a[d];
locat=d;
cout<<”The value “<<h<<” is in“<<locat
cout<<” location”;
}
getch();
}
Enter values to find their location=
23
45
12
56
78
The value 23 is in 0 location.

19
DESCRIPTION:
This program will take the input the marks of 3 students of their any 3 subjects .Then it
will check that the student is passed or not by using IF Condition .If student is passed in
two subjects then he will be considered pass .It will also use a counter to calculate the
number of students who are passed or fail.by using Nested For Loop and IF Condition.
INPUT:
Enter 1 student marks in 1 subject =
(This message will displayed 3 times)
METHOD:
In the above program user inputs the marks of students in three subjects with the help of
2-D array and by using the loops. At start we first apply if condition in the subject loop
that if marks of student is equal to 50 or greater than 50 then a variable “s” is increment
similarly if less than 50 or equal to 50 than the variable ”f”is decrement same procedure
is apply in the student loop that if the variable ”s” is greater than 2 or equals to 2 then a
new variable “u” is increment which shows the number of pass students and remaining
goes to the else condition in which the variable “f” is increment which shows the number
of fail students.
PROGRAM:

20
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[15][3];
for(int i=1; i<=3; i++)
{
for (int z=1; z<=3; z++)
{
cout<<”Enter”<<i<<” student marks in
“<<z<<” subject =”;
cin>>a[i][z];
}
cout<<”n”;
}
int u=0,h=0;
for(int y=1; y<=3; y++)
{
int s=0,f=0;
for(int r=1; r<=3; r++)
{
If( a[y][r]>=50)
{
s=s+1;
}
else
{
f=f+1;
}
}
if(s>=2)
{
u=u+1;
}
else
{
h=h+1;
}
}
cout<<”pass student =”<<u;
cout<<“n”;
cout<<”fail student =”<<h;
getch();
}

21
OUTPUT:
Enter 1 student marks in 1 subject =98
Enter 2student marks in 1 subject =23
pass student =2
fail student =1
12. Write a program for enter the marks of math, physics, chemistry and show the
result that how many student are passed and failed in these subject? Using
Array.
DESCRIPTION:
In the program we use FOR loop and IF Else statement to enter the marks of
student of these subject and declare that these student are passed and these student are
failed.
INPUT:
Enter Math Numbers (This message will displayed 5 times)
Enter Physics Numbers (This message will also displayed 5 times)
Enter Chemistry Numbers (This message will also displayed 5 times)

METHOD:
In this program user will enter the marks of three subjects of 4 students. By used
FOR loop and IF ELSE statement program will give number of failed and passed
student of each subject as output.
22
PROGRAM:
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int math[4],physics[4],chemistry[4];
for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
{
cout<<"Enter Math Numbers =";
cin>>math[i];
cout<<"Enter Physics Numbers =";
cin>>physics[i];
cout<<"Enter Chemistry Numers =";
cin>>chemistry[i];
}
cout<<"n";
int mp=0,mf=0,pp=0,pf=0,cp=0,cf=0;
for (int j=0; j<4; j++)
{
if (math[j] >=50)
{
mp=mp+1;
}
else
{
mf=mf+1;
}
if (physics[j] >=50)
{
pp=pp+1;
}
OUTPUT:
else
{
pf=pf+1;
}
if (chemistry[j] >=50)
{
cp=cp+1;
}
else
{
cf=cf+1;
}
}
cout<<"passed student for math
="<<mp<<"n";
cout<<"failed student for math="
cout <<mf<<"n";
cout<<"passed student for physics ="
cout<<pp<<"n";
cout<<"failed student for physics ="
cout<<pf<<"n";
cout<<"passed student for chemistry ="
cout<<cp<<"n";
cout<<"failed student for chemistry ="
cout<<cf<<"n";
getch();
}

23
Enter Math Numbers =78
Enter Physics Numbers =12
Enter Chemistry Numbers =34
Passed student for math =3
failed student for math =1
Passed student for physics =2
failed student for physics =2
Passed student for chemistry =1
failed student for chemistry =3
13. Write a program to swap the numbers? Using Array.
DESCRIPTION:
In this program we will change the location of number with the help of
FOR and IF Else statement.
INPUT:
Enter the Number A

24
Enter the Number B
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a[2],c;
for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
{
METHOD:
else
{
cout<<"Enter the Number B =";
cin>>a[i];
}
c=a[0];
a[0]=a[1];
a[1]=c;
This program will get an integer array as input of two values and BY using FOR loop and IF ELSE
statement it will swap the numbers with each other and give output as shown below.
PROGRAM:

25
if (i==0)
{
cout<<"Enter the Number A = ";
}
Output:
cout<<"n"<<"After Swapping"<<"n";
cout<<"A is = "<<a[0]<<"n";
cout<<"B is = "<<a[1]<<"n";
getch();
}
Enter the Number A = 20
Enter the Number B = 10
After the swapping
A is = 10
B is = 20
B is = 20
Enter the Number A = 20
Enter the Number B = 10
After the swapping
A is = 10 B is = 20
B is = 20

Array assignment

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