Artificial intelligence submitted by shiv

100 hours ITT Project Report
Submitted by : Shivkant bindal
Roll no. : 58
Registration no.: NRO0289400
Batch : December 12’
morning batch(sec B)
Submitted to: Mrs. Suminder kaur
(Faculty ROHINI ITT CENTRE)
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Acknowledgement
“NO LEARNING IS PROPER & EFFECTIVE
WITHOUT
PROPER GUIDANCE”
We wish to express our deep gratitude to our imminent
ITT Teacher Mrs. Suminder Kaur who has been a
guiding spirit behind the completion of this project.
For any errors or inadequacies that may remain in this
work, of course, the responsibility is entirely our own.
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INDEX
 Introduction
 Flashback
 Turing machine
 Timelines
 Goals
 Branches
 Categories
 Applications
 Achievement- robotics
 Examples
 Pros & Cons
 Conclusion
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 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and robots
and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.
 These machines are highly technical and specialized.
 John McCarthy, who coined the term “artificial intelligence”, in
1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines.“
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Introduction contd.
AAAI
 The American Association for Artificial Intelligence.
 Founded in 1979.
 Aims to:
• increase public understanding of artificial intelligence.
• improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners.
• provide guidance for research planners and concerning the
importance and potential of current AI developments and
future directions.
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Flashback artificial
intelligence
 The 1956 Dartmouth conference was the moment that
AI gained its name, and is widely considered the birth of
AI.
 In 1950, Alan Turing published a landmark paper in
which he speculated about the possibility of creating
machines with true intelligence.
 The Turing Test was the first proposal in the philosophy
of artificial intelligence.
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TURING MACHINE
•Turing Machine manipulates
symbols contained on a strip of
tape.
Turing Machine (1937)
The Turing test is a
proposal for a test of a
machine's ability to
demonstrate intelligence.
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Important Timeline of AI
Year Development
1915 Leonardo Torres build Chess automation
1941 Konrad Zeus build first program controlled computer
1945 Evolution of Game theory in AI
1950 Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test
1956 AI introduced worldwide from Dartmouth Conference
1958 John McCarthy invented LISP programming language
1957 GPS demonstrated by Newell, Shaw and Simon
1965 Edward Feigenbaum initiated Dendral
1993 Polly( a behavior based robot) by Ian Horswill
2007 Blue Brain, a project to simulate brain at molecular level
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Goals of A.I
• To build system that exhibit intelligent
behavior.
• To understand intelligence in order to
model it.
• To increase our understanding of
perceptual, reasoning and learning .
• To design and construction of useful new
tools in science, industry, and culture .
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Branches of Artificial Intelligence
• Perceptive System
A system that approximates the way a
human sees, hears, and feels objects.
• Vision system
Capture, store, and manipulate visual
images and pictures.
• Expert system
Mechanical and computer devices that
performs tedious task with high precision.
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Branches of Artificial Intelligence contd.
• Learning system
Computer changes how it function or reacts
to situation based on feedback.
• Natural language processing
Computer understand and react to
statements and commands made in a “natural”
language, such as English.
• Neural network
Computer system that can act like or
stimulate the functioning of the human .
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Categories of AI
Conventional AI :- Conventional AI mostly involves methods
now classified as machine learning, characterized by formalism
and statistical analysis. This is also known as symbolic AI, logical
AI, neat AI and Good Old Fashioned Artificial
Intelligence(GOFAI).
Methods include:
 Expert systems: apply reasoning capabilities to reach a
conclusions. An expert system can process large amounts of
known information and provide conclusions based on them.
 Case based reasoning
 Bayesian networks
 Behavior based AI: a modular method of building AI systems
by hands
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Computational Intelligence (CI)
 Computational Intelligence involves learning.
 Learning is based on empirical data and is associated with non-
symbolic AI, scruffy AI and soft computing.
 Methods Include:
• Neural networks: systems with very strong pattern recognition
capabilities.
• Fuzzy systems: techniques for reasoning under uncertainity, has been
widely used in modern industrial and consumer product control systems.
• Evolutionary computation: applies biologically inspired concepts such as
populations, mutation and survival of the fittest to generate increasingly
better solutions to the problem. These methods notably divide into
evolutionary algorithms (e.g. genetics algorithms) and swarm intelligence
Categories of AI contd.
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Applications of A.I.
Expert System
Auto programming
Game playing
Speech recognition
Finance
hospital
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Expert Systems
What is an Expert System?
 An expert system is a computer program
that is designed to hold the accumulated
knowledge of one or more domain experts
Why use an
Expert
System?
 Experts are not
always available
 not reliable and
consistent.
Examples
 Expert systems
in the fields of
accounting,
electronic chip
design, medicine,
financial service,
etc.
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Auto programming
What is Auto Programming?
 It is a type of program which generate its own piece of program
which further helps a programmer to write a code.
Why to use auto programming?
 It allows human programmers to write code at higher
abstraction level
Examples
 IDEs such as Eclipse, Interface Builder and Microsoft Visual
Studio
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 Video game artificial intelligence is a programming area that
tries to make the computer act in a similar way to human
intelligence.
 In 2001 the game Halo featured A.I. that could use vehicles and
team tactics. The AI could recognize threats such as grenades
and incoming vehicles.
GAME PLAYING
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 Getting a computer to understand spoken language
and react appropriately.
 Convert the input speech into another medium, e.g.
text
 It requires quiet environment.
 Example:
• united airlines has replaced its keyboard tree for
information by a system using speech recognition.
• Smart phones which work as personal assistant.
SPEECH
RECOGNITION
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 To organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage
properties.
 In August 2001, robots beat humans in a simulated financial
trading competition.
 Websites such as, “Creative Virtual.com” has deployed
artificial intelligence customer support systems, or automated
online assistants, at HSBC, Intuit and Lloyds Banking Group,
to assist customers with services such as checking an account
balance.
Finance
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• To organize bed schedules, make a staff rotation, and provide
medical information.
• Help scan digital images, e.g. from computed tomography ,i.e.,
CT Scan for typical appearances and to highlight conspicuous
sections, such as possible diseases. A typical application is the
detection of a tumor.
Hospital
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 Robotics
Meaning Of Robot
• Robot Institute of America defines robot as, “A reprogrammable,
multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or
specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks.”
• Robots may be one of the most well known examples of Artificial
Intelligence.
• Example, mars-rover designed by NASA.
The Biggest Achievement
In AI
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Components of robotics
Manipulation
 Robots need to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or
otherwise have an effect. Thus the "hands" of a robot are often
referred to as end effectors while the "arm" is referred to as
a manipulator.
Actuation
 Actuators are like the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which
convert stored energy into movement. By far the most popular
actuators are electric motors that spin a wheel or gear, and linear
actuators that control industrial robots in factories.
Sensing
 Sensors allow robots to receive information about a certain
measurement of the environment, or internal components. This is
essential for robots to perform their tasks, and act upon any changes
in the environment to calculate the appropriate response.
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Types Of Robots
 Pick and place
• Moves items between points
 Continuous path control
• Moves along a programmable path
 Sensory
• Employs sensors for feedback
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 Pick and Place
 Moves items from one point
to another
 Does not need to follow a
specific path between points
 Uses include loading and
unloading machines, placing
components on circuit
boards, and moving parts off
conveyor belts.
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 Continuous path control
 Moves along a specific
path
 Uses include welding,
cutting, machining parts.
 And also using in paint
shops
In car factories for spraying
paint with high level of .
accuracy.
Robotic seam welding
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 Sensory
 Uses sensors for feedback.
 Closed-loop robots use sensors
in factories with actuators to gain
higher accuracy in work.
 Uses include mobile robotics,
telepresence ,microchips or the
products related with sensors
e.g.:-Camera’s, mobile phones
,etc.
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Examples Of A.I
Movies
Smart Car
Smart Phones
Military
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AIAND MOVIES
In today’s generation, movies are mostly
about androids, humanoids, and robots.
Machines going out of control
Replacing humanity
World domination
LIST OF SOME OF THE HOLLYWOOD
MOVIES ON AI:
1. The Terminator (1984)
2. 2. The Original Star Wars Trilogy (1977-1983)
3. Blade Runner (1982)
4. Wall-E (2008)
5. Transformers (2007)
6. The Matrix (1999)
7. Robocop (1987)
8. Alien (1979)
9. Artificial Intelligence: A. I. (2001)
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SMARTCAR
 Speech recognition
 Up-to-date information about historical landmarks and
points of interest on the car’s rout.
 Lowest price gas stations close to the current position
of the car.
 Warns drivers of road hazards
A.I. In Military
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Smartphone
(Samsung Galaxy S3)
Smart Stay
• Smart stay is AI software which take a look on
your eyes movements .
• Samsung puts it, “The Galaxy S3 Knows When
You're Awake".
Turn over
• Turnover is another simple idea of AI.
• It turns the phone to silent.
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A.I.INMILITARY
The U.S is spending as much 100 billion dollars to
develop robots .
These robots can aid or replace human soldiers on
the front line.
These robots can operate in combat zones with
little supervision.
Flight simulations and virtual environments help
train over 500,000 Soldiers.
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ADVANTAGES
 As the level of AI increases so will their competency to
deal with difficult, complex even dangerous tasks that
are currently done by humans.
 Machines have no need for sleep, they don't get ill , there
is no need for breaks, they are able to go, go, go!
 Used by scientists to test theories and notions about
how our brains work.
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Disadvantages
 AI in some of the autopilot setting caused few
airlines to crash.
 AI in warfare is producing huge damage
worldwide loss of lives and money.
 People might lose their jobs to automation.
 AI lead to massive structural unemployment.
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Conclusion
•We conclude that if the machine could successfully pretend to be
human to a knowledgeable observer then you certainly should
consider it intelligent.
•AI systems are now in routine use in various field such as
economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as well as
being built into many common home computer software
applications, traditional strategy games etc.
•AI is a branch of computer science that is concerned with
the automation of intelligent behavior.
•Though fast-growing, AI has never actually caught up with all
the expectation imposed on it.
•Conclusionally, AI is a young, energetic, and attractive science.
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Bibliography
Website or Webpage
• http://www.forbes.com/2009/06/22/singularity-
robots-computers-opinions-contributors-artificial-
intelligence-09_land.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
• And our itt friends
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Artificial intelligence submitted by shiv

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