Artificial vision
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This document discusses an artificial vision system that could restore sight for those with retinal diseases. The key components are an artificial silicon retina implanted in the eye, a miniature video camera, a video processing unit, and an infrared LCD screen on goggles. The artificial retina converts light to electrical signals that stimulate the optic nerve. The camera captures images and the processor simplifies them into spots of light matched to the retina's photodiodes. This allows the user to identify objects, though it cannot provide fully clear vision. While expensive, this system provides hope for treating retinal degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
Artificial vision
- 2. Introduction Components required Working of artificial vision Another approach to this Bottle necks raised Conlusion
- 3. Artificial-vision researchers take inspiration from another device, the cochlear implant(concerned to hearing capability for deaf) Anatomy of eye
- 4. •Retina gets damaged due to age related problems leading to degeneration of rods and cones . The diseases that attack the retina are: Retinitis pigmentosa Macular degeneration There is no proper cure for these hence we go for Artficial vision system which is a combination of Biotechnology and electronics
- 5. Dr. Mark Humayun demonstrated that a blind person could be made to see light by stimulating the optic nerve behind the retina with an electrical current. So they have decided to translate images in to electrical pulses that could restore vision artificially . The major components of this vision system are: 1. Artificial Silicon Retina 2. Miniature Video Camera 3. Video processing unit 4. Infrared LCD screen
- 6. Artificial silicon retina(ASR) • ASR is an extremely tiny device. a diameter of just 2 mm (.078 inch) and is thinner than a human hair • By implanting this in to the eye there will not be any damage the other structures • This has solar cells which attain power from the light falling on over them • Has solar cells i.e the photodiodes is used to convert the light in to electrical stimulation and provides to ganglia
- 7. IMPLANTATION OF SILICON RETINA Implantation includes following steps: Making 3 tiny incisions in to the white part and cutting through this and remove the gel in the eye Then they fill it with saline Then make opening in the retina and lift the back portion of the eye Then they attain the gap to place the device
- 8. MINIATURE VIDEO CAMERA The camera used for this is CMOS image sensor The camera captures the image and converts in to a pixels of black and white This camera is placed on the goggles The battery required for this is provided from the video processing unit.
- 9. VIDEO PROCESSING UNIT Video processing unit acts as a optogenic transducer unit simplifies the image as spots of light and then reduces the image to the number of photodiodes. This is connected to goggles through router This unit majorly consists of oVideo decoder oVideo scaler oDSP processor oVideo processor
- 10. INFRARED LCD SCREEN • The infrared converts the attained voltage in to the infrared beam • This is provided to the electrode array implanted in to the eye • The electrode array attains the beam when it passes internally in to the eyes • The LCD screen is majorly used as it consumes less power • this screen is placed on the goggles.
- 11. WORKING OF ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEM
- 12. By using this technology the person can read large letters identify the objects before him. This is useful for retinal diseased people IMAGE IDENTIFICATON
- 13. Another approach to Artificial vision
- 14. Block diagram of the above approach
- 15. Bottlenecks raised by this technology • The cost of this equipment is greater it costs $70,000 This is not applicable for the infants It cannot provide crystal clear image but it is useful to identify the object .
- 16. Conclusion • As the object size depends on the electrodes or photodiodes utilized the available pixel size will be 100 100. Research is going on for high resolution imaging • However this vision system is break through in the technology • This is more helpful for the people with macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa especially for aged people