Assessment of Effectiveness of Ethnoscience and Collaboration Strategy on Students of Basic Science Education Academic Performance in Measurement in Jalingo Education Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 7 Issue 6, November-December 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD60049 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 6 | Nov-Dec 2023 Page 195
Assessment of Effectiveness of Ethnoscience and
Collaboration Strategy on Students of Basic Science
Education Academic Performance in Measurement
in Jalingo Education Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria
Gor, Jeremiah A; Daudu, Bunsheya C
Department of Educational Foundations, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the effect of ethnoscience and collaborative
strategies on Basic Science students on academic performance of in
Jalingo education zone of Taraba Statte. Three research questions and
hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance.
The quasi experimental research was adopted. The population of the
study was 2,828 Upper Basic level students of public schools. The
sample was 80 students, consists of (male 38 female 42) selected
through a random sampling technique to form two intact classes.
Ethnoscience Measurement Performance Test (EMEPT) was used for
the collection of data. Mean and standard deviation were used to
answer the three research questions, while the three hypotheses were
tested with ANOVA and t-test statistic tool. The research revealed
that there was significant difference between students exposed to
ethnoscience strategy and those who were taught using collaboration
strategy. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that
the use of ethnoscience strategy should be encourage at upper basic,
hence it enhanced better performance. ethnoscience strategy is gender
friendly, it should be encouraged among Males and Females students
at upper basic level.
KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, Ethnoscience, Collaboration Strategy,
Basic Science, Academic Performance and Measurement
How to cite this paper: Gor, Jeremiah A
| Daudu, Bunsheya C "Assessment of
Effectiveness of Ethnoscience and
Collaboration Strategy on Students of
Basic Science Education Academic
Performance in Measurement in Jalingo
Education Zone, Taraba State, Nigeria"
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1. INTRODUCTION
The improvement of science literacy among citizens
is a vital tool for economic, social and individual
development in any country. In appreciation of this,
the Federal Government of Nigeria emphasized the
introduction of science subjects (Basic Science &
Technology at the lower basic education programme
and Basic education programme). This is to enable
citizens acquire the knowledge of their environment,
develop problem solving skills, develop desirable
scientific attitudes, as well as increase their
understanding of the role and functions of science in
everyday life (NCCE, 2012). This implies that the
knowledge acquired by learners in Basic Science
could enable the learner to become useful to himself
and the society at large.
Basic Science, formerly known as Integrated Science,
is the form of science a child encounters during the
Upper Basic education programme. It prepares
students for the study of core science subjects
(Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) at the Secondary
School level. This implies that for a student to be able
to study specialized science subject at the Secondary
School level, she/he has to be well grounded in Basic
Science at the primary school level. With this in
mind, the Basic Science Curriculum was prepared
with the following objectives to: provide students
with a sound basis for continuing science education
either in single science subjects or further Integrated
Science; enhance the scientific literacy of the
citizenry; allow students understand their
environment in its totality rather than in fragments;
and allow students to have general view of the world
of science; (Danmole, 2011). Students’ performance
in Basic Science will go a long way in determining
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their achievement in the subject, hence enabling them
to contribute their quota to the scientific development
of the nation and the world at large.
The increasing complexity of the world today
imposes new and changing workforce requirements.
This means that new workers will need ever more
sophisticated skills in science, mathematics,
engineering and technology which, in effect, require
improved approaches to the teaching and learning of
science. This explains why efforts are geared towards
developing approaches that ensure the development
of learners who would warm up to current workplace
challenges. Consequently, Miles (2015) explains that
academic success by science students requires that
teachers implement a range of instructional strategies.
This assertion informed the use of a number of
innovative methods and strategies in the teaching and
learning of science. For these methods and strategies
to be effective, Bransford, Brown, Cocking, Donovan
and Pellegrino as cited in Faasi (2017) highlight the
importance of: using appropriate just-in-time learning
stimuli; engaging students’ preconceptions prior to
teaching them new concepts; providing deep
foundational knowledge; helping students make
appropriate connections within the context of a
conceptual framework; organizing knowledge in
ways that facilitate information retrieval and
application; allowing students more opportunities to
define learning goals and monitor their progress in
achieving them.
Base on the submission of Faasi (2017) noted that
these innovative methods and strategies have been
proved to be effective in other fields of study but,
they do not seem to have been effective among
science learners in traditional communities where
differences exist between learners’ everyday life and
the world of science. A number of reasons have been
adduced for this. Ogonnaya (2011), while analysing
the situation in Nigeria affirms that the neglect of the
diverse cultural activities and beliefs of the students
and the failure of teachers to consider varied cultural
resources of the students in teaching biology (and
other sciences) remains one of the major reasons for
the alienation of the students from sciences. The
author further narrows the reason for poor
achievement in science to lack of regard for the
cultural belief of learners which greatly influence the
attitude. Therefore, it was recommended that the use
of ethno-scientific teaching approach for classroom
instruction in science. It is therefore important that an
approach that is practical and relates science concepts
to the day-to-day life of the learners be developed.
This is perhaps why Absalom (2011) maintains that
learners in the traditional non-western setting believe
that science that is taught in schools often seems not
to be in line with their own meaning that the concepts
look strange in the traditional environment. Abonyi,
Achimugu and Adibe (2014) also notes that current
instructional approaches in science education which
did not take into consideration prior cultural beliefs
seem to have contributed to poor concept formation
and students interest in science.
The lack of academic success in the educational
acculturation process has long been a perplexing and
frustrating problem to educators dealing with science
education in Africa. Approaches to education that
relate to the cultural heritage, the environment, and
the life style of the Africans have been considered
vital and necessary by the emerging African
leadership (Atwater in Abonyi, 2012). One of such
approaches to culture-related education in the areas of
science is ethnoscience. The Ethnoscience of the
Africans refers to the materials, ideas, and beliefs
from the African environment and technology. These
are derived from the past and present cultural
traditions of the people, which in turn evolved from
myth, supernatural, popular and mystical realities and
beliefs as well as from an ongoing acculturation
process (Abonyi, 2012). This implies that the use of
ethnoscience in the teaching and learning of science
could improve students’ performance in the subject.
However, school location could influence the
effectiveness of the use Ethnoscience in the study
area.
School location has been a contentious issue in the
determination of cognitive achievement in science
education. Ndukwu in Fasasi (n d) maintains that
schools located in urban areas are better positioned to
attract more quality students and teachers who exhibit
the readiness to take academic business seriously
which will invariably impact on the students. Onah
(2011) supports this empirically by finding out that
schools in the urban areas achieved more than schools
in the rural areas in science subjects. On the contrary,
Bosede (2010) shows that school location has no
effect on students’ academic achievement in science.
What is therefore the relationship between science
students in urban and rural schools when
ethnoscience instruction is used?
The ability of learners to remember what they were
taught after some time is an important component of
learning. It is referred to as retention. Retention refers
to the ability to remember things Hornby and Bichi in
Hussaini (2012) defined retention as the ability to
retain and consequently remember things experienced
or learned by an individual at a later time. Hence the
need to develop learner friendly approaches that
could make a learner see himself as a potential

scientist, explorer and finder of new knowledge
through enquiry into his home environment, cultural
practices and traditional beliefs that have relative
bearing to science and science related practices. This
is referred to as ethnoscience.
Review of Relevant Empirical Studies
Several empirical studies were carried out in the past
related to ethnoscience include:
Peni (2011) investigated the Impact of Ethnoscience-
enriched-instruction on Attitude, Retention and
Performance in Basic Science among Rural and
Urban Students. The study employed a pretest
posttest quasi experimental design. A randomly
selected sample of 213 students from 8 schools under
the Bichi Education zone was used for the study. The
schools were randomly assigned into experimental
and control groups containing male and female
schools from urban and rural locations. The
experimental groups were taught concepts using
Ethnoscience-enriched-instructions while the control
groups were taught using lecture method. The groups
were posttested to determine their academic
performance and attitude after the treatment. They
were furthers tested (post-posttest) to determine the
retention of learnt concepts. Data were collected
using the Basic Science Performance Test (BSPT), a
25 item multiple choice test with a reliability
coefficient of 0.66; and the Students Attitude to Basic
Science Questionnaire (SABSQ) developed on a five
point Likert‟s scale with a reliability coefficient of
0.75. The data were analyzed to answer the research
questions and test the null hypotheses. The research
questions were answered using descriptive statistics.
The hypotheses on academic performance were tested
using the two way ANOVA and t-test statistic, while
those on attitude were tested with Kruskal Wallis H
test and Mann Whitney U test at 0.05 level of
significance. The study found that Urban and Rural
students in the experimental groups performed better
than those in the control groups (F (1, 209) = 287.63;
p ≤ 0.05). It also found that the instructional process
had enhanced the performance and attitude of
students to Basic Science (X2 (3) = 133.05; p < 0.05).
Similarly, Urban and Rural students in the
experimental groups had significantly better retention
of learnt concepts (F (1, 208) = 10.512; p < 0.05). The
study concludes that the instructional process is a
viable innovation to the enhancement of rural and
urban students‟ academic performance, retention of
concepts and attitude to Basic Science and it is gender
friendly.
Ugwuanyi (2015) carried out the study designed and
conducted to determine the effects of
ethnosciencebased instructional model (ESBIM) on
students’ academic achievement and interest in Senior
Secondary Biology. The study employed a non
equivalent control group quasi-experimental design.
The sample for this study comprised of two hundred
and twenty three SSI Biology Student. The study was
conducted in six government co-education secondary
schools in Nsukka Education Zone of Enugu State.
The schools were drawn through a stratified random
sampling. In each school, one intact class was drawn
for the study through a simple random sampling
making a total of six intact classes. Out of the six
schools, three schools were assigned to the
experimental group while the remaining three schools
were assigned to the control group. The experimental
group was taught Biology using the ethnoscience
based instructional model while the control group was
taught Biology using the lecture method. Two
instruments Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and
Biology interest scale (BIS) were constructed and
validated and reliability of internal consistency and
stability were established (0.96 and 0.835
respectively) before using them for data collection.
The BIS and BAT were used to collect data for
students’ Achievement and interest respectively. The
research questions were answered using mean and
standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested
at (P<0.05) using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
The result revealed that the ethnoscience based
instructional model is superior to the lecture method
in fostering interest and achievement among the
students. The study also revealed that the use of
ethnoscience based instructional model does not show
any significant difference in the achievement and
interest of male and female students. Thus the use of
ESBIM will not only help arrest the problem of male
being regarded as high achiever, in science-related
courses but will also encourage the female students to
enroll in such courses.
According to Faasi (2017) prior cultural knowledge
has been identified as a factor responsible for
underachievement in science in traditional
communities where differences exist between
learners’ everyday life and the world of science.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate
the main effect of Ethnoscience instruction and
moderating effects of school location and parental
educational status on students’ cognitive achievement
in science. It employed pretest-posttest, non-
equivalent control group quasi-experimental design.
Engaged in the study were 352 Junior Secondary
School 1 students (aged 9–12 years) from two
schools, each in urban and rural areas of Ìbàdàn,
southwestern Nigeria. Instruments used are: Teachers
Instructional Guide on Ethnoscience instruction,
Teachers Instructional Guide on Modified Lecture

Method and Basic Science Cognitive Achievement
Test (r=0.83). Three null hypotheses were tested at
0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA. Significant main effect of treatment was
recorded on cognitive achievement in science
[F(1,339)=431.95; p<0.05] with Ethnoscience
instruction group performing better than the control
group. Effect size of treatment was strong (=0.63).
Ethnoscience instruction is effective in promoting
learners’ cognitive achievement in science and is
recommended as an instructional method for learners
especially in traditional communities.
Yovita, Sarwanto and Fahru (2019) analyzed the
students’ critical thinking ability through the
implementation of Ethnoscience Instruction (EI)
using Critical thinking rubrics based on the
International Critical Thinking Essay Test (ICTET).
This study employed a quasi-experimental design
consisting of two classes: experimental and control.
The population in this study were XII grade students
in several Senior High Schools in Surakarta which
students are categorized to have high, intermediate
and low critical thinking skills in the academic year
of 2018/2019. Respondents were selected by the
cluster random sampling technique. Data were
analyzed by using descriptive method to describe the
level of the students’ critical thinking ability.
Findings revealed the difference between
experimental class and control class with the
following details: purpose (15.83%), questions
(13.63%), information (8.63%), point of view
(13.98%), assumptions (5.08%), concepts (6.79%),
conclusions (8.90%), and implication (10.62%). The
present study is similar to the study under review in
areas such as variable, study design and sampling
technique. Scientific legacy is still to be a problem to
students worldwide. Even though this competency is
very important for students to an important role in
science, technology and society advancement.
Arif, Nurlaila, Rilia, Parham and Eko (2020).
Analyzed the effect of project-based learning by
using ethnoscience learning sources of Banjarese
traditional food on students’ scientific legacy. By
using Pre-test Posttest nonequivalent control design,
the study involved 35 and 33 senior high school
students as a control and an experimental group
respectively. The experimental group applied project-
based learning, while the control group used
expository learning strategy. The study concluded
that students scientific legacy of the experimental
group was significantly higher than the control group
one. The students’ legacy in both classes increased
from the low to high categories. It needs to be
explored more broadly other element of ethnoscience
to improve meaningful learning and students
scientific legacy.
Yuliana, Muhammad, Cahyono, Widodo and Irwanto
(2020). Scientific literacy plays an important role in
catalyzing science learning in the 21st century.
Unfortunately, previous evidence revealed that
students’ scientific literacy tends to be unsatisfactory.
This study investigated the effect of ethnoscience-
themed picture books embedded in context-based
learning (EthCBL) on students’ scientific literacy. In
this quasi-experimental research, 58 (35 girls and 23
boys) fifth-grade students in a public elementary
school in Indonesia were selected using purposive
sampling. Twenty-nine students (19 girls and 10
boys) were assigned as an experimental group and 29
students (16 girls and 13 boys) were assigned as a
control group.
Dwi, Yuberti, Henita, Ilmi, Mehadi (2020) study
stated that Ethnoscience learning has become the
focus of researchers in various regions. It provides a
mixed-nuance of culture and science. This learning is
a breakthrough in the world of education because it
combines science and culture. This research aimed to
identify the influence of Ethnoscience learning on
students' scientific literacy. The method employed
was a meta-analysis. This data source was ten
research articles obtained from the Scopus database
based on specific search criteria. The analysis was
done through 5 stages, namely Orientation,
Conceptualization, Investigation, Discussion, and
Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the research
results, Ethnoscience learning significantly increased
students' scientific literacy. Therefore, Ethnoscience
learning in schools is very important to improve
students' scientific literacy skills in developing
science education for students in the 21stcentury and
to keep environment.
Dike and Rowland (2020) carried a study on Ethno
science- Based Instruction and students’ performance
in Basic Science in Abua/Odual Local Government
Area, Rivers State was investigated. Two objectives
and two research questions and two hypotheses
guided the study. A quasi-experimental of pretest,
posttest non-randomized control group design was
adopted. A sample of 91 Junior secondary school II
students drawn from two out of 12 public schools in
their intact classes. Instrument Basic Science
Performance Test (BSPT), which comprised 20-item
multiple choice questions, was validated; a reliability
index of 0.81 was obtained using K-21. A validated
lesson plan used by research assistants and guided by
the researchers formed the framework of instruction.
The data obtained was analyzed with the necessary
statistics (mean, standard deviation, t-test and

ANCOVA). The results showed an enhancement of
performance of students using ethno-science based
instruction; which further showed no significant
difference in gender comparison. Based on the
findings, conclusion and recommendations were
made, encouraging the use of Ethno-science based
instruction in science teaching.
Abumchukwu, Eke and Achugbu, (2021) investigated
the effects of ethnochemistry instructional strategy on
secondary school students’ achievement in chemistry.
Two research questions guided the study and three
hypotheses were tested. The design of the study was
quasi-experimental. The population of the study was
2,345 senior secondary school year two (SS2)
chemistry students, out of which 94 were involved in
the study. The instrument for data collection was
Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT) validated by
experts and which had a reliability coefficient of 0.73
established using Kuder-Richardson formula 20. The
finding of the study revealed that there was
significant difference in the mean achievement scores
of the students in favour of ethnochemistry
instructional strategy and gender had no significant
influence of students’ achievement. The present study
is similar to the study under review in the areas such
as study design, study variables and method of data
collection. However, the current study is different in
population, sample size and statistical tool used in the
data analysis. Therefore, this study investigated the
effectiveness of the Ethnosience instruction approach
on the students and academic performance in
Measurement in Basic Science within Jalingo
education zone of Taraba State.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Area of the Study
The study area was carried out in Jalingo education
zone, Taraba State, Nigeria. Jalingo Education Zone
one of the education zone among the ten education
zones in the state. The area was suitable for the study
because it consists of several cultural practices and
understanding which will permit the Ethnoscience
instruction approach, availability of instructional
media and qualify teachers in Basic Science.
2.2. Population of the Study
The population of the study was all upper basic three
(3) within rural and urban schools in Jalingo
education zone. These upper basic three (3) was
coeducational schools to enable the researchers
obtained gander participation in the experimental and
control groups during the study.
2.3. Sample and Sampling
Two secondary schools was drawn from the
secondary schools in Jalingo education zone of
Taraba State through a simple random sampling. A
total of eighty (80) upper basic three students drawn
from two intact classes were involved in the study. In
each school selected intact class of upper basic three
Students were used. Out of the two secondary schools
that was used for the study, one was assigned to the
treatment group while the other was assigned to the
control group through a simple toss of coin. In all, 40
students were used for treatment group and 40
students for control group.
2.4. Instrumentation
The Ethnoscience Measurement Performance Test
(EMPET) was used in the study. Two tests was used
to measure achievement of students, one a pretest
which was used to test students’ pre-requisite
knowledge in topic (Measurement in Basic Science)
related to the one which was covered during the
study. The post-test was measured students’
performance at the conclusion of the study. The
objectives test was set to determine the achievement
of the students before treatment and after the
treatment. The pre-test assessed students’
achievement on the topic list out for the research. The
post-test was also assessed students’ achievement on
these topic. The Energy Flow Achievement Test
consists of thirty (20) items was used to cover the
topic. The multiple choice questions with five options
each (A-E) will be used.
2.5. Validation of the Instrument
The instrument, Ethnoscience Measurement
Performance Test, (EMPET) and the lesson plans was
undergo validation from experts in Basic science
lecturers and measurement and evaluation in order to
determine its effectiveness in measuring what it was
expected to measure.
2.6. Reliability of the Instruments
The reliability co-efficient for instrument was
determined using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 21
which determines the suitability of the instruments for
the study.
2.7. Administration
To control for possible pre-existing differences in
overall ability between the treatment and control
groups a pretest was administered to both groups
before the commencement of the experiment in the
respective schools. The treatment group was taught
with Ethnoscience instructional strategy while the
control group was taught with conventional approach
using the same content outline for three weeks. Two
tests were used to measure achievement: one a pretest
will be used to test students’ pre-requisite knowledge
in the topic (measurement) related to the ones covered
during the study. The post-test measured students’
achievement at the conclusion of the study.

2.8. Method of Data Analysis
Data collected was analyzed using mean and standard
deviation in answering research question. Hypothesis
1 was analysed using analysis of variance while 2 and
3 T-test statistics was used to test at 0.05 level of
significance. The choice of the ANOVA and t-test
statistic tool for hypothesis testing is because of their
ability to identify differences that exists between two
independent groups.
3. Results and Discussion
This chapter contains data analysis, result
presentation and discussion. The analysis involves
statistical testing of the research questions and
hypotheses stated in chapters one and three. The level
of significance 0.05 Level used for the analysis is p ≤
0.05. This level of significance forms the basis for
retaining or rejecting each of the null hypotheses.
3.1. Data Presentation, Analysis and
Interpretation
The data collected for the purpose of this study were
analyzed based on the research questions using mean
and standard deviation.
3.1.1. The first Question 1:
What is the mean score of Basic Science students’
length measurement using ethnoscience and
collaborative instructional strategy in urban and rural
schools in Jalingo education zone?
The descriptive statistics of mean and standard
deviation were used to answer this research question
and the summary of the results is presented in Table
1.
Table 1: Mean and Standard Deviation of Posttest Scores of Urban and Rural Students in
Experimental and Control Groups
Location Treatment N Mean SD MD
Experimental 40 17.71 3.66
Urban 8.3498
Control 40 9.36 4.17
Experimental 40 17.16 2.68
Rural 8.4500
Control 40 8.71 3.52
Urban Experimental 40 17.71 3.27 0.5478
Rural Experimental 40 17.16 2.68
The result in Table.1 presents a comparison of the means of experimental and control groups in the study. The
urban experimental group recorded a mean score of 17.71 and a standard deviation of 3.66 in contrast to the
urban control group with a mean score of 9.36. The mean difference between the two groups was 8.35.
Similarly, the rural experimental group recorded a mean score of 17.16 and a Standard Deviation of 2.68 in
contrast to the rural control group with a mean score of 8.71 and a mean difference 8.45. The two comparisons
showed that there was relatively marked difference in performance between experimental groups and control
groups in favor of the experimental groups that had higher means. However, the comparison of the performance
means scores of experimental groups in urban and rural schools revealed a mean difference of 0.55. The
difference in the scores between the experimental and control groups is an indication of the potency of
ethnoscience strategy at enhancing academic performance among subjects in the experimental groups. Similarly,
the performance of experimental group is an indication that the treatment had the potency of enhancing academic
performance between urban and rural student.
3.1.2. The second Question 2.
What is the mean performance score of male and female students taught measurement using ethnoscience and
collaborative instructional strategy in Jalingo education zone?
The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer this research question and the
summary of the results is presented in Table 2
Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation of Posttest Scores of male and female Students in
Experimental and Control Groups
Gender N Mean SD MD
Male 38 16.54 3.41
posttest 0.91
Female 42 15.63 3.58
The results in Table 2 revealed that the means of female (15.63) and male (16.54) students’ performance scores
were relatively close with a mean difference of 0.91 in favor of the males students that had higher mean than that

of the female males. This showed that ethnoscience strategy had enhanced performance of concepts among
female students than male students.
3.1.3. The third Question 3.
What is the interaction effect of gender and treatment on the students’ performance in measurement using
ethnoscience and collaborative instructional strategy in Jalingo education zone?
The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer this research question and the
summary of the results is presented in Table 3
Table 3: Mean and Standard Deviation of Posttest Scores of interactive effect of gender and treatment
on Students in Experimental and Control Groups
Group Gender N Mean SD MD
Experimental Male 38 29.81 6.80
Female 42 29.74 5.64 0.07
Control Male 38 16.55 4.40
Female 42 20.08 7.52 3.53
Table 3 shows the interaction effect of gender and treatment on students’ performance in measurement. It shows
that male students of the experimental group had a post-test mean score of 29.81 with a standard deviation of
6.80 while the male students of the control group had a post-test mean score of 16.55 with a standard deviation
of 4.40. Similarly, female students of the experimental group had a post-test mean score of 29.74 with a standard
deviation of 5.64 while female students of the control group had a post-test mean score of 20.08 with a standard
deviation of 7.52. This shows that both male and female students of the experimental group had higher post-test
mean scores than the male and female students of the control group.
3.2. Hypothesis Testing
In this section each hypothesis is re-stated, and the result of data analysis carried out to test it is presented. Each
hypothesis of the study was tested at .05 level of significance.
3.2.1. Null Hypothesis 1.
There is no significant different in the mean score of Basic Science students’ length measurement using
ethnoscience and collaborative instructional strategy in urban and rural schools in Jalingo education zone
To test the hypothesis, the posttest performance scores of the experimental and control groups were subjected to
Two Way Analysis of Variance. The result is shown in Table 4a
Table 4a: Two Way Analysis Variance for Posttest Scores of Subjects in the Experimental and
Control Groups.
Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Collaborative 380.69a 3 126.90 98.14 0.001
Intercept 368.36 1 368.36 2.863 0.001
Location 18.82 1 18.82 11.46 0.023
Treatment 371.20 1 371.20 287.63 0.001
location * treatment 0.13 1 0.13 0.01 0.919
Error 269.11 80 12.91
Total 429.00 80
Corrected Total 64.80 78
Significant at p>0.05
From Table 4a, the calculated F (1, 78) = 287.63; p ≤ 0.05 revealed that there is significant difference in the
academic performance of students in the experimental and control groups. Thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
To establish the point of difference, the data was further subjected to Scheffe’s multiple comparison. The
summary of the comparison is in Table 4a.

Table 4b: Scheffe’s Multiple Comparisons of the Posttest Performance Scores of Students in
Experimental and Control Groups of Urban and Rural Schools.
(I) groups1
(J)
groups1
Mean Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig.
95% Confidence
Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Experimental Urban
Control Urban
Control
Urban
8.36* 0.67 0.001 6.45 10.25
Experimental Rural 0.55 0.72 0.911 -1.50 2.54
Control Rural 9.00* 0.68 0.001 7.08 10.92
Experimental Rural -7.83* 0.72 0.001 -9.85 -5.81
Control Rural 0.65 0.68 0.826 -1.28 2.57
Experimental Rural
Control
Rural
8.47* 0.73 0.001 6.43 10.52
Result of the multiple comparisons (Table 4a) showed no significant difference in all the experimental groups at
p > 0.05; however, it has persistently showed a significant difference between the schools in experimental
groups and control groups at different p values. To be clearer, Table 4b further grouped the means into
homogenous subsets in which schools in the experimental group are found clustered in a subset with higher
mean scores while schools in the control group were clustered into a subset with lower mean scores. Thus the
null hypothesis one was rejected. That is, there is significant difference in the academic performance of students
taught with ethnoscience and those taught using collaborative strategy. This showed that the experimental groups
had performed better than the control groups. It also confirms that ethnoscience is a viable approach to
enhancing students’ academic performance.
3.2.2. Null Hypothesis 2:
There is no significant different in the mean performance score of male and female students taught measurement
using ethnoscience and collaborative instructional strategy in Jalingo education zone.
To test null hypothesis 2, the scores of the male and female students from both urban and rural schools of the
experimental group were subjected to Independent Sample t-test statistic. The summary of the analysis is
presented in table 5
Table 5: Present t-test Analysis of Posttest Scores Among Male and Female Schools of the
Experimental Group.
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation df t.cal t.crit P-value Decision
Female 42 17.70 3.21
78 1.31 0.129 0.19 Not. Sig
Male 38 17.24 3.44
From Table 5, the calculated t (78) = 1.31; p > 0.05 showed that there was significant difference between the
academic performance of male and female students in both urban and rural schools of the experimental group.
Hence, the null hypothesis is retained.
4.3.3 Null Hypothesis 3: There is no significant difference in the mean score of the interaction effect of gender
and treatment on the students’ performance in measurement using ethnoscience and collaborative instructional
strategy in Jalingo education zone
The t-test was used to test this hypothesis, and a summary of the result is presented in Table 6
Table 6 Present t-test Analysis of posttest mean score of the interaction gender and treatment of
Experimental group in measurement
Group N Mean SD df t.cal t.crit P-value Decision
Males posttest 38 25.14 3.21 78 1.546 0.127 0.000 Not sig
Females posttest 42 23.50 4.82
Table 6 shows that the p is 0.127 which is greater than alpha α= 0.05 with degree of freedom (df) = 78. This
means that there was significant difference between the posttest scores of male and female exposed to
ethnoscience teaching strategy. This implies that the performance level of male exposed to ethnoscience teaching
strategy and their female counterparts is in favour of the male in this work. Therefore, null hypothesis three was
retained.

3.3. Discussion Findings
Based on the data analyzed in this study, the
following findings were obtained: There was
significant difference between students exposed to
ethnoscience strategy and those who were taught
using collaboration strategy; there was significant
difference between the academic performance of male
and female students in both urban and rural schools of
the experimental group also here was no significant
difference between the mean scores of male and
female students exposed to ethnoscience teaching
strategy. This implies that the performance level of
male exposed to outdoor teaching strategy is almost
the same with their female counter parts.
The objective of this study was to investigate the
Assessment of effectiveness of ethnosience and
collaborative strategy on students of basic science
education and academic performance in measurement
inJalingo education zone of Taraba State, Nigeria. To
achieve this, two groups of students were formed, the
experimental and control groups. Students in
experimental group were exposed to ethnosiecnce
teaching strategy while those in control group were
exposed to collaborative strategy. The two groups of
students were taught same concept (measurement).
The dada of this study where based on performance
of students in Ethnoscience Measurement
Performance Test (EMPET).The results of posttest
was used to compare their performance according to
the variable being measured which were analysed
according to research hypotheses developed for the
study. This unit presented explanation of results
obtained from the hypotheses tested and
acknowledged the published works of other authors to
be stated herein after.
Table 4 revealed that the ethnoscience teaching
strategy enhanced academic achievement of
experimental group. This confirmed the findings of
Yuliana, Muhammad, Cahyono, Widodo and Irwanto
(2020) which stated that knowledge gains were found
to be significant with experimental group using
ethnoscience centre based learning teaching strategy
more than their counter part that were strictly taught
in the class using lecture method. In the study
conducted by Abumchukwu, Eke and Achugbu,
(2021) investigated the effects of ethnochemistry
instructional strategy on secondary school students’
achievement in chemistry confirmed that that there
was significant difference in the mean achievement
scores of the students in favour of ethnochemistry
instructional strategy Fasasi (2017) indicated the
Significant main effect of treatment on cognitive
achievement in science [F(1,339)=431.95; p<0.05]
with Ethnoscience instruction group performing
better than the control group. This implies that the
experimental group taught measurement concepts
using the ethnosience approach retained the learnt
concept higher than the control group taught the same
measurement concepts using the collaborative
strategy.
Table 5 showed that there was significant difference
between the academic performance of male and
female students in both urban and rural schools of the
experimental group. Students taught using
ethoscience teaching strategy retained more
measurement concepts than those taught using
collaborative strategy. This agrees with the study of
Peni (2015) investigated the Impact of Ethnoscience-
enriched-instruction on Attitude, Retention and
Performance in Basic Science among Rural and
Urban Students. The author found that Urban and
Rural students in the experimental groups performed
better than those in the control groups. Similarly,
Urban and Rural students in the experimental groups
had significantly better retention of learnt concepts.
The study concludes that the instructional process is a
viable innovation to the enhancement of rural and
urban students‟ academic performance, retention of
concepts and attitude to Basic Science and it is gender
friendly. However, table 6 showed that there was no
significant different between male and female
experimental and control groups taught using
ethnoscience and collaborative teaching strategies.
This study is in conformity with the work of Eke and
Achugbu, (2021) who said gender has on significant
influence on the students’ achievement in Chemistry
when taught using ethnoscience strategy. This implies
that the ethnoscience instructional process is a viable
innovation to the enhancement of rural and urban
students’ academic performance of measurement
concepts to Basic Science students and it is gender
friendly.
4. Conclusion
Generally, it was confirmed that there was high
significant difference between the mean scores of
experimental and control groups in measurement
concept. In addition, there was high significant
difference between experimental and control groups
in urban and rural students’ performance. There is no
significance difference between male and female in
learning measurement concept using ethnoscience
strategy. However, it was statistically shown that
ethnoscience strategy favored experimental group in
learning measurement concepts.
5. Recommendations
Based on the finding of the study recommendations
were made that teaching and learning strategy
involving local elements should be encouraged at

upper basic schools where this is often neglected; the
use of ethnoscience strategy should be encourage in
upper basic, hence it enhanced better performance;
Ethnoscience strategy is gender friendly, it should be
encouraged among Males and Females students at
upper basic level and all materials needed for carrying
out ethnoscience stratedy should be provided by
government and cooperate organizations because it
motivates students to learn effectively.
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