Automatic railway gate using pic 16f877a

A
SUMMARY ON
AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE
CONTROL
SUBMITTED IN PARTIALFULFILLMENT OF
AWARD OF
BACHOLER OF TECHNOLOGY
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Er. Atul kumar prajapati Vijay kumar yadav 212113
Ram niranjan Maurya212145
Abdul Hasan 212135

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Topic name: Page No.
(1) Objective. 03
(2) Introduction. 04
(3) Hardware implemantation. 05
(4) Block diagram. 06
(5) Flow chart. 06
(6) Circuit diagram of automatic gate control. 08
(7) Circuit discription. 09
(8) Model of automatic gate control system 10
(9) Conclusions. 13
(10)References. 14

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I.OBJECTIVE :-
The main aim of this project is to operate and control the
unmanned railway gate in the proper manner in order to avoid the
accidents in the unmanned railway crossing. In everywhere at level
crossing between railroad and highway there are so many railway
accidents happening due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack
of workers. So, this paper describes the automatic railway gate control
system using PIC microcontroller for saving precious human lives and
preventing major disasters in railway track. Railway gate may be saved
for the road users to prevent accidents in terms of train speed at level
crossing. This system uses PIC 16F877A microcontroller with the help
of sensors. It can divide into two parts. The first part is concern on the
hardware development where all electronic components have included.
IR sensors, inductive sensors are the input components while buzzer,
light indicator, DC motor and LCD display are the output components.
These are controlled by the controller circuit. The microcontroller forms
the main unit of the system. It receives input signal from the sensors and
sends information to the gate motor driver for opening and closing the
gate. Besides, the input signal will active LCD display and alarm and
indication light circuit was provided as additional part of this system.
The first inductive sensor and IR sensor are fixed at a certain distance
from the gate and the second sensors are fixed at the same certain
distance after the gate. The gate is closed, when the train crosses the first
IR sensor and the gate is opened, when the train crosses the second IR
sensor. This system deals about one of the efficient methods to avoid
train accidents. The second part is based on software programming to
operate the hardware structure. Program for railway gate control system
is based on PIC microcontroller

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II. INTRODUCTION:
Railroad is one of transition mode, which has an important role in moving
passengers and freights. However, railroad-related accidents are more dangerous
than other transportation accidents. Therefore more efforts are necessary for
improving its safety. This system is to manage the control system of railway gate
using the microcontroller. The main purpose of this system is about railway gate
control system and level crossing between railroad and highway for decreasing
railroad-related accident and increasing safety. In addition, it also provides safety
road users by reducing the accidents that usually occur due to carelessness of road
users and errors made by the gatekeepers. Railways preferred the cheapest mode of
transportation over all the other means. This system is designed using PIC
16F877A microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at railway gates
where the level crossings. Microcontroller performs the complete operation i.e.,
sensing, gate closing and opening. As a train approaches the railway crossing from
either side, the sensors placed at a certain distance from the gate detects the
approaching train and controls the operation of the gate. This system was operated
after signal received from the sensors. This signal is used to trigger the
microcontroller for operating the gate motor, alarm system and light indicators.
This system also can be used in parking gate controlling and sliding door system.
The abstraction of this system is to provide the advanced control system available
everywhere.
Automatic Railway Gate Control System with High Speed Alerting System
is an innovative circuit which automatically controls the operation of railway
gates detecting the arrival and departure of trains at the gate. It has
detectors at the far away distance on the railway track which allows us to
know the arrival and departure of the train. These detectors are given to
microcontroller which activates the motors which open/close the railway
gate correspondingly. Another feature of this circuit is that it has an
intelligent alerting system which detects the speed of the train that is
arriving. If the speed is found to be higher than the normal speed, then the
microcontroller automatically activates the alarm present at the gate. This
alerts the passengers at the railway crossing on the road about this. Also
This circuit has the feature for Identification of train from other intruders i.e,
animals etc .This can be implemented in manned level crossings also, as
manual errors can be eliminated by automation.

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III. Hardware Implementation:
The materials and components that are used in automatic railway gate control
system will be discussed in the following. As in normal control design, system can
be roughly divided as input, output and processing sections. The main components
of system.
1. Microcontroller PIC 16F877A microcontroller is used as a main control unit
to control the process of the whole system.
2. Railway Sensors they are placed at two sides of gate. It is used to sense the
arrival and departure of the train.
3. Motor Driver the H-Bridge uses the four transistors motor driver circuit that
are used to rotate forward or reverse direction of DC motor for opening and
closing the gate.
4. LCD Display, It displays the railway gate open or close section and warning
message for road users.
5. Buzzer and light signal they are used to warn the road user about the
approach of train.
6. Power Supply, It is needed to provide 5V DC to microcontroller and 12V
DC for motor.

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Fig. 1 shows over all block diagrams for railway gate control system by using
microcontroller (PIC 16F877A). So, one PIC 16F877A microcontroller is used to
operate the following function of the railway gate control system:
1. To sense the arrival and departure of the train
2. To open and close the railway gate automatically by using two dc motor
3. Buzzer and light signal for warning the road users
4. Display the status of the railway gate system with LCD modules
A motor driver circuit is used to drive the gate motor for opening and closing
gate. This system uses buzzer and light signal for warning the road users. The
PIC microcontroller controls all the system. The main program of the railway
gate control system is written in PIC 16F877A microcontroller and which is
created by PIC Basic Pro Programming Language.

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Fig.2 are described in steps.
STEP 1: Start.
STEP 2: Set the input sensors for sensing train.
STEP 3: Check for the arrival of the train by the sensors. If the train is
, sensed go to step 4 and step 5
STEP 4: Make the warning signal for the road users.
STEP 5: Close the gate.
STEP 6: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train sensed go
. to next step. Otherwise repeat step 6.
STEP 7: Open the gate.
STEP 8: Go to STEP 2.
IV. Circuit Description.
Figure 3 shows the Automatic Railway Gate Control by using PIC 16F877A
microcontroller. Automatic railway gate control system is accomplished to use
various electronic components. This system can be simply divided into three
main categories: the input, the processing and the output units. The detail
circuit diagram of the railway gate control system is shown. This system
composed of sensor circuits, microcontroller, motor driver, LCD display, alarm
system, light signal system and power supply.The main control unit of this
system is PIC 16F877A microcontroller and it can manage the control process
of all input and output units. Infrared sensor circuit is applied to sense the
train on the railway track. The LCD display is used to show the arrival and
departure messages of the train. H-Bridge motor driver is to drive the DC
motor for gate open and close control. Alarm unit is utilized for warning the
road users. Figure 4 shows the proposed model of the system. The gate
control system consists of two infrared sensors and two inductive sensors.
The sensors are fixed at the certain distance on both sides of the gate, that is
before the train arrive and after the train departure.

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Circuit Diagram of Automatic Railway Gate Controller:
fig:-3 Circuit Diagram of Automatic Railway Gate Controlled

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When the inductive sensor1 senses the train, IR sensors are on state. Then IR
sensor1 senses the train, microcontroller can control the drive of the gate control
motor. At the same time, the light signal of the car traffic is changed from Green
color to Red color and the train traffic is changed from Red color to Green color. A
buzzer gets activated when the train is crossing the gate and the railway gate is
closed. When the train passes through the IR sensor2, the car traffic is changed
from Red color to Green color and the train traffic is changed from Green color to
Red color. At the same time, the railway gate is opened. And then, train passes
through the inductive sensor2. In this time, IR sensors are off state. The timing
condition for the railway gate control system must be set base on the speed and
length of the train into the background algorithm for microcontroller. For the gate
control state, the gate will be closed when the motor move forward direction at
certain time until the train has crossed the gate otherwise the gate is opened.
Fig.4.model of automatic gate control system

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A. Type of Sensors
Photo interrupter ITR9813 sensor is used as an IR sensor in this system. This
sensor consists of an infrared emitting diode and an NPN silicon phototransistor in
the same package. Phototransistor receives radiation from the IR LED. But when
an object is in between, phototransistor could not receive the radiation. Output is
taken from the collector pin of the phototransistor.
Fig.5.IR sensor and its circuit diagram

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Two inductive sensors are used in this system. This sensor has the following
features:
Detection of train presence, speed and direction
Switch control
Wheel detection systems
B. Working of the H-Bridge Motor Driver Circuit.
An H-Bridge allows bidirectional control of a DC motor. To achieve this, it uses
four transistors. Each transistors acts as a simple on-off switch as shown in fig.7.
This circuit is called an H-Bridge because the transistors are arranged in an H
pattern.
When the transistors Q1 and Q4 are closed, the motor rotates in one direction for
closing the railway gate. When the transistors Q2 and Q3 are closed, the motor
rotates in opposite direction for opening the railway gate. When all the transistors

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are opened, the motor is stopped. The PIC microcontroller controls an H-Bridge
made of four transistors which consists of two NPN transistors, two PNP
transistors and resistor.
V.Advantages
Reduces chances of human error.
Less time consuming.
No human resource is required.
Safety and quality of services
Accident avoidance
VI. Discussion.
The sensors sense the input and sends to the microcontroller,
where if responds and gives command to the particular component with predefined
algorithm. The timing condition for the railway gate control system must be set
base on the speed and length of the train into the background algorithm which can
be easily changed and modified using microcontroller. The DC motor is controlled
by the microcontroller for rotations by calculating the code of proper delay in to
the microcontroller. This system, a scaled down model attempts to mimic the real
time Railway Gate control. This can be realized in real time with the higher horse
power motors, controlled by Programmable Logic Controllers and through several
Distributed Control Systems (DCS). Employing the automatic railway gate control
system at the level crossing may offer several advantages for public. Since, the
operation is automatic; error due to manual operation is prevented.
VI. Conclusion.
Automatic gate control system offer an effective way to reduce the occurrence of
railway accidents. This system can contribute a lot of benefit either to the road
users or to the railway management. Since the design is completely automated it
can be used in remote villages where no station master or line man is present.
Railway sensors are placed at two sides of gate. It is used to sense the arrival and
departure of the train. This system uses the DC motor to open and close the gates
automatically when it is rotated clockwise or anticlockwise direction. The LCD
display shows the status of the railway gate control system. The system can also
generate buzzer and light indicators while the train passing through the level
crossing. In this system, this is controlled by using PIC 16F877A microcontroller.
Now a day’s automatic system occupies each and every sector of applications as it
is reliable and accurate.
This project is suitably fulfilled the basic things such as avoidance of
accidents inside the gate and the avoidable of a gatekeeper. It avoids the
railway accidents and provides safety. We have seen little improvement in

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railway accidents. We also observed stronger safety records in certain
areas and believe they are the result of constant efforts to improve safety.
We demonstrate that it is possible to improve the overall safety of the
railway system in India. We believe that success depends on both the
railway industry and the regulator working together to achieve that common
goal. The proposed system provide the means for real time inspection,
review and data collection for the purpose of maintenance on the movable
and fixed facilities for the guarantee of operation safety and maintenance
efficiency as well as the safety appraisal decision-making system based on
the share of safety data.
References:
[1] International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol.1
Issue 3, May – 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181
[2] International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.2, Issue.1,
Jan-Feb 2012 pp-458-463
[3] http://engineersprojects.blogspot.com
[4] INTELLIGENT RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING SYSTEM A PROJECT
PEPORT
[5] Ahmed Salih Mahdi, Al-Zuhairi, “Automatic Railway Gate and Crossing
Control based Sensors & Microcontroller", International Journal of Computer
Trends and Technology (IJCTT), Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2013
[6] Krishna, ShashiYadav and Nidhi, “Automatic Railway Gate Control Using
Microcontroller”, Oriental Journal Of Computer Science & Technology, Vol.6,
No.4, December 2013. [8] J. Banuchandar, V. Kaliraj, P. Balasubramanian, S.
Deepa, N. Thamilarasi,“ Automated Unmanned Railway Level Crossing System”,
in International Journal of M19:57:29odern Engineering Research (IJMER)

Automatic railway gate using pic 16f877a

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