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Automation With Selenium
- 1. Trivia: Selenium has a strong bonding affinity with mercury and arsenic, so if you eat fish, it’s a good idea to choose types of fish high in selenium. But although it’s a necessary nutrient, more than a trace amount of it will have you pushing up daisies in a heartbeat. (Or lack thereof.) The name for the Selenium, the browser automation tool, comes from a joke made by founders in an email, mocking their competitor “Mercury” – since selenium is a cure for mercury poisoning. The rest of the devs took it and ran with it.
- 2. What’s Selenium? Selenium automates browsers for testing purposes, and also can be used for automating mind-numbing, soul-crushing tasks (like searching for “new” users in PUMA and changing their status to “active”). The primary products are Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver (aka Selenium 2), and Selenium Server. Examples/info based on using Java w/Eclipse ( v. Kepler has Maven integrated – Maven will import all necessary Se dependencies), Firebug (cool inspection tool), Firepath
- 3. Selenium Server needs to be used for: • Distributing tests over multiple machines or VMs at once • Connecting to a remote machine that has a browser version that’s not on your specific machine • Instructions for Java at http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/Grid2
- 4. Selenium IDE • Runs as a Firefox add-on and can record, edit, play, and debug tests. • Can record user actions or be edited by hand, then played back as browser emulation. It’s as though a ghost were using your computer! Aaaagh!!! • It can be experimentally exported in several code languages • Brilliant if you need to script a ton of crap, super fast (see February VA move) • Creates a good, lightning-fast base for any automated, which can then be coded as necessary • It’s a nice introduction to Selenese, Selenium’s set of commands
- 5. Record-><- Play Run results displayed here
- 6. Selenium IDE limitations • No conditional or looping statements • Limited to Firefox out of the box • Formatted reporting not supported • Uses html language – exporting in others is currently ‘experimental’ – tends to import defunct dependencies and other extraneous crap • Can’t read from external databases or files
- 7. Selenium Webdriver (aka Se 2) • It’s a collection of bindings which drives browsers natively as a user would, either locally or remotely with Selenium Server • It makes direct calls to a browser using the browser’s native support for automation • Can be used in Java (recommended), C#, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby • Has WebDrivers for IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, IOS, Android and Opera. Chrome and IE require a separate server download.
- 8. Webdriver has a few limitations… • Like everything else, has a few bugs • It’s Open Source – tech problems need to be resolved through Se community, and you’re on your own to learn it • Can only automate web applications • No inbuilt reporting capabilities • IE, and to a lesser extent, Chrome, can be buggy (recall that it uses a browsers native support for automation…..)
- 9. What can Webdriver do? • Finding, retrieving, and verifying/asserting web elements by Name, ID, TagName, Class, LinkText, PartialLinkText, Xpath, and CSS • Mouse-based interactions including mouse position by absolute (using x,y) or relative, clicking at current or specified locations or elements, click and hold, release, drag and drop, double click, right click • Keyboard interactions: Typing text, multiple keys (such as Ctrl + PrntScrn), key up/down • Taking screenshots, accepting security alerts, locating/switching between windows, executing custom Javascript, enabling browsers to interact with window alerts, navigating back/forward, implicit/explicit waits, downloading/copying files, permissioning files to be executable and much more both universal and specific to individual browsers
- 10. Success! Generic success output – everything works as expected. Success and fail reports can be coded with as much or little detail as you like by conditional output to the console.
- 11. Example of failed test; element “Agout” not found. Problematic line on failure trace, below – Assertion Error.
- 12. Selenium website – seleniumhq.org The website will tell you where to download and how to set it up (but not how to use it). Helpful book on Selenium for developers using java: “Selenium Webdriver Practical Guide” by Satya Avasarala If you’d like to use Selenium, make sure you don’t seek out any info before about 6 months ago. It always changes fast, but in the last few months has undergone huge changes. Search on “Selenium Webdriver”.