Avoiding surprises with Chef and Vagrant

Sep 2, 20122 likes5,783 views

This document discusses using Vagrant and Chef together to create consistent development environments that match production. It notes that development and production environments often differ, causing bugs. Vagrant allows creating and managing virtual machines easily. Chef automates server configuration through recipes and community cookbooks. The document provides basic instructions for installing Vagrant and VirtualBox then cloning a sample project using Vagrant, Chef and a Git submodule to provision a virtual machine. It concludes by inviting questions.

Avoiding surprises with
Chef and Vagrant
Andy Gale

andy-gale.com

Your development and production
environment are not the same!

• Different OS?
• Different version of PHP?
• Diverged package versions?
• Different default conﬁguration ﬁles?
• Different PHP libraries and extensions?

Developing in a Virtual Machine

Reasons why we should:

• Consistent OS and PHP versions between
production and local development

• New starters can get going with
development straight away

• Existing developers can redistribute
development platform in case of hardware
failure

Developing in a Virtual Machine

Reasons why we don’t:
• Because it’s a massive pain in the arse
• Scared of the command line
• There’s a massive overhead keeping the
VM up to date

• Can never get the networking between
you and your VM working

Vagrant
Virtualised development made easy

vagrantup.com

Vagrant
Getting started

• Install Oracle’s VirtualBox
www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

• Install Vagrant (packages for Windows, Mac, Linux)
downloads.vagrantup.com

• Then...
$ vagrant box add precise32 http://files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box
$ vagrant init precise32
$ vagrant up

Vagrant
Conﬁguration

• Simple to conﬁgure using the
Vagrantﬁle which can be kept in version
control

Vagrant::Config.run do |config|
# Forward guest port 80 to
# host port 4567
config.vm.forward_port 80, 4567
end

• Apply with “vagrant reload”

• A tool for automating the provisioning
and management of your servers
• Open source
• Lots of examples and code to get you
started
• Integrates brilliantly with Vagrant
www.opscode.com/chef/

Getting started

• Talk from Jose Diaz-Gonzalez at
CakeFest 2011
tv.cakephp.org/video/CakeFoundation/2011/10/04/full-stack_cakephp_deployment_by_jose_gonzalez

• Or his comprehensive blog posts
josediazgonzalez.com/2011/10/03/full-stack-cakephp-deployment-with-chef-and-capistrano/

My ﬁrst recipe
package "ntp" do
  action :install Install package
end
Create conﬁg ﬁle
template "/etc/ntp.conf" do from template
  source "ntp.conf.erb"
Restart service
  owner "root"
when conﬁg ﬁle
  group "root"
changes
  mode 0644
  notifies :restart, resources(:service => "ntp")
end

service "ntp" do
  action :start Deﬁne service and
end start NTP

Getting started

• “Cookbooks” are collections of templates,
ﬁles and basic Ruby code that describe
how to setup something.

• There’s community (i.e. Open Source,
Free) cookbooks for probably everything
you’ll need
community.opscode.com

• You just need to deﬁne a few extra things

Chef and Vagrant sitting in a tree

+

Let’s use Vagrant to create a virtual
machine to test our Chef conﬁguration

Let’s go

• Install Oracle’s VirtualBox
www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

• Install Vagrant (packages for Windows, Mac, Linux)
downloads.vagrantup.com

• Assuming you have git
$ git clone git@github.com:salgo/cakefest-vagrant-chef.git
$ cd cakefest-vagrant-chef
$ ./git-fetch-submodules.sh
$ vagrant up

But that’s not it

• Vagrant also supports provisioning with
Puppet or just a custom script if that’s what
your company uses

• Use your favourite editor, your ﬁles appear
in /vagrant automatically

• Because you can recreate your development
environment with “vagrant up” whenever
you like, you can save disk space with
“vagrant destroy”

But that is it.

• Questions?
• @andygale on Twitter
• andy-gale.com on the Web

Vagrant allows users to define and manage virtual machine environments in code. It provides tools to easily create consistent development environments that match production. With Vagrant, users can define virtual machines and provision them automatically using tools like Chef, Puppet, or shell scripts. This allows development environments to match production and avoids issues caused by differences between environments. Vagrant saves time by automating environment setup and ensuring environments are consistent.

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Talk at the final event of Data Fusion Dynamics: A Collaborative UK-Saudi Initiative in Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence funded by the British Council UK-Saudi Challenge Fund 2024, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 29th April 2025 https://alandix.com/academic/talks/CMet2025-AI-Changes-Everything/ Is AI just another technology, or does it fundamentally change the way we live and think? Every technology has a direct impact with micro-ethical consequences, some good, some bad. However more profound are the ways in which some technologies reshape the very fabric of society with macro-ethical impacts. The invention of the stirrup revolutionised mounted combat, but as a side effect gave rise to the feudal system, which still shapes politics today. The internal combustion engine offers personal freedom and creates pollution, but has also transformed the nature of urban planning and international trade. When we look at AI the micro-ethical issues, such as bias, are most obvious, but the macro-ethical challenges may be greater. At a micro-ethical level AI has the potential to deepen social, ethnic and gender bias, issues I have warned about since the early 1990s! It is also being used increasingly on the battlefield. However, it also offers amazing opportunities in health and educations, as the recent Nobel prizes for the developers of AlphaFold illustrate. More radically, the need to encode ethics acts as a mirror to surface essential ethical problems and conflicts. At the macro-ethical level, by the early 2000s digital technology had already begun to undermine sovereignty (e.g. gambling), market economics (through network effects and emergent monopolies), and the very meaning of money. Modern AI is the child of big data, big computation and ultimately big business, intensifying the inherent tendency of digital technology to concentrate power. AI is already unravelling the fundamentals of the social, political and economic world around us, but this is a world that needs radical reimagining to overcome the global environmental and human challenges that confront us. Our challenge is whether to let the threads fall as they may, or to use them to weave a better future.

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Electronic_Mail_Attacks-1-35.pdf by xploitniftliyevhuseyn

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Avoiding surprises with Chef and Vagrant

1. Avoiding surprises with Chef and Vagrant Andy Gale andy-gale.com

2. Your development and production environment are not the same! • Different OS? • Different version of PHP? • Diverged package versions? • Different default conﬁguration ﬁles? • Different PHP libraries and extensions?

3. Well, it worked on my machine!

4. Developing in a Virtual Machine Reasons why we should: • Consistent OS and PHP versions between production and local development • New starters can get going with development straight away • Existing developers can redistribute development platform in case of hardware failure

5. Developing in a Virtual Machine Reasons why we don’t: • Because it’s a massive pain in the arse • Scared of the command line • There’s a massive overhead keeping the VM up to date • Can never get the networking between you and your VM working

6. Vagrant Virtualised development made easy vagrantup.com

7. Vagrant Getting started • Install Oracle’s VirtualBox www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads • Install Vagrant (packages for Windows, Mac, Linux) downloads.vagrantup.com • Then... $ vagrant box add precise32 http://files.vagrantup.com/precise32.box $ vagrant init precise32 $ vagrant up

8. Vagrant Configuration • Simple to configure using the Vagrantfile which can be kept in version control Vagrant::Config.run do |config| # Forward guest port 80 to # host port 4567 config.vm.forward_port 80, 4567 end • Apply with “vagrant reload”

9. • A tool for automating the provisioning and management of your servers • Open source • Lots of examples and code to get you started • Integrates brilliantly with Vagrant www.opscode.com/chef/

10. Getting started • Talk from Jose Diaz-Gonzalez at CakeFest 2011 tv.cakephp.org/video/CakeFoundation/2011/10/04/full-stack_cakephp_deployment_by_jose_gonzalez • Or his comprehensive blog posts josediazgonzalez.com/2011/10/03/full-stack-cakephp-deployment-with-chef-and-capistrano/

11. My first recipe package "ntp" do action :install Install package end Create config file template "/etc/ntp.conf" do from template source "ntp.conf.erb" Restart service owner "root" when config file group "root" changes mode 0644 notifies :restart, resources(:service => "ntp") end service "ntp" do action :start Define service and end start NTP

12. Getting started • “Cookbooks” are collections of templates, ﬁles and basic Ruby code that describe how to setup something. • There’s community (i.e. Open Source, Free) cookbooks for probably everything you’ll need community.opscode.com • You just need to deﬁne a few extra things

13. Chef and Vagrant sitting in a tree + Let’s use Vagrant to create a virtual machine to test our Chef conﬁguration

14. Let’s go • Install Oracle’s VirtualBox www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads • Install Vagrant (packages for Windows, Mac, Linux) downloads.vagrantup.com • Assuming you have git $ git clone [email protected]:salgo/cakefest-vagrant-chef.git $ cd cakefest-vagrant-chef $ ./git-fetch-submodules.sh $ vagrant up

15. But that’s not it • Vagrant also supports provisioning with Puppet or just a custom script if that’s what your company uses • Use your favourite editor, your ﬁles appear in /vagrant automatically • Because you can recreate your development environment with “vagrant up” whenever you like, you can save disk space with “vagrant destroy”

16. But that is it. • Questions? • @andygale on Twitter • andy-gale.com on the Web

Editor's Notes

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Avoiding surprises with Chef and Vagrant

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Editor's Notes