2. Introduction
• Java AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) is an API to develop GUI
or window-based application in java.
• Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e. components
are displayed according to the view of operating system.
• AWT is heavyweight i.e. its components uses the resources of
system.
• The java.awt package provides classes for AWT API such as
TextField, Label, TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice,
List etc.
5. Object
• The Object class is the top most class and parent of all the
classes in java by default.
• Every class in java is directly or indirectly derived from
the object class.
6. Component
• The Component is abstract class that encapsulates all the
attributes of visual component.
• All User interface (UI) elements that are displayed on
screen are subclasses of Component.
Component is responsible for remembering the current
foreground and background color and the currently
selected text font.
7. Methods of Component class
Method Description
public void add(Component c) inserts a component on this
component.
public void setSize(int width, int
height)
sets the size (width and height) of the
component.
public void setLayout(LayoutManager
m)
defines the layout manager for the
component.
public void setVisible(boolean status) changes the visibility of the component,
by default false.
void remove(Component c) Remove a component
void setBounds(int x,int y, int width,
int height)
Set the location and size of single
component and useful only with null
layout.
8. Container
• The Container is a component in AWT that can contain
another components like buttons, textfields, labels etc.
• The classes that extends Container class are known as
container such as Frame, Dialog and Panel.
• Container is responsible for laying out any
components that it contains through the use of layout
managers.
• Methods:
• void setFont(Font f)
• void setLayout(LayoutManager mgr)
9. Panel
• Panel class is concrete class it doesn’t add new methods.
• The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar
and menu bars and Borders.
• It can have other components like button, textfield etc.
10. An Applet is Panel is a Container
java.lang.Object
| +----java.awt.Component
| +----java.awt.Container
| +----java.awt.Panel
| +----java.applet.Applet
11. An Applet
• Applet is a public class which is predefined by
java.applet.Applet
• There is no main() method in Applet like Application
program. The main() method is defined by browser
or Appletviewer for Applet.
• Life cycle methods: init, start, paint, stop, destroy
• Applet is one type of container and subclass of Panel.
12. To create an applet
• import java.applet.*;
• Import java.awt.*;
• Applet tag code in comment.
• Extends Applet class
• Life cycle method
• Class must be public
14. Window
• The window is the container that have no borders and
menu bars.
• You must use frame, dialog or another window for
creating a window.
15. Frame
• It is subclass of Window.
• The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can
have menu bars,borders, and resizing corners.
• It can have other components like button, textfield, etc.
• Methods:
• void setTitle(String title)
• void setBackground(Color bgcolor)
16. Working with Frame Window
• Extends Frame class
• Constructor are:
• Frame()
• Frame(String title)
• Setting and Getting window size:
• void setSize(int width, int height)
• void setSize(Dimension newsize)
• Showing and Hiding Frame
• void setVisible(boolean visibleFlag)
17. Frame Class
• We can create stand-alone AWT based applications.
• A Frame provides main window for the GUI application.
• There are two ways to create a Frame :
1. By instantiating Frame Class
2. By extending Frame class
18. Program using Frames
import java.awt.*;
class FirstFrame{
FirstFrame(){
Frame f=new Frame();
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(30,50,80,30);
f.add(b);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true); }
public static void main(String args[]){
FirstFrame f=new FirstFrame();
}
}
19. Program using Frames
import java.awt.*;
class First extends Frame{
First(){
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);
add(b);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(
String args[]){
First f=new First();
}
}
21. Label
• The easiest control to use is a label.
• A label is an object of type Label, and it contains a string,
which it displays.
• Labels are passive controls that do not support any
interaction with the user.
22. Labels
• Label defines the following constructors:
• Label( )
• Label(String str)
• Label(String str, int how)
• The first version creates a blank label.
• The second version creates a label that contains the string
specified by str. This string is left-justified.
• The third version creates a label that contains the string
specified by str using the alignment specified by how. The
value of how must be one of these three constants: Label.LEFT,
Label.RIGHT, or Label.CENTER.
24. Controls
// Demonstrate Labels
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="LabelDemo"
width=300 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class LabelDemo extends
Applet
{
public void init()
{
Label one = new Label("One");
Label two = new Label("Two");
Label three = new Label("Three");
// add labels to applet window
add(one);
add(two);
add(three);
}
}
25. Buttons
• The most widely used control is the push button.
• A push button is a component that contains a label and that
generates an event when it is pressed.
• Push buttons are objects of type Button.
• Button defines these two constructors:
• Button( )
• Button(String str)
27. // Demonstrate Buttons
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="ButtonDemo" width=250
height=150>
</applet>
*/
public class ButtonDemo extends Applet
{
String msg = "";
Button yes, no, maybe;
public void init()
{
yes = new Button("Yes");
no = new Button("No");
maybe = new Button(“Understand");
add(yes);
add(no);
add(maybe);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(msg, 6, 100);
}
}
28. Check Boxes
• A check box is a control that is used to turn an option on or
off.
• It consists of a small box that can either contain a check
mark or not.
• There is a label associated with each check box that
describes what option the box represents.
• We change the state of a check box by clicking on it. Check
boxes can be used individually or as part of a group.
31. // Demonstrate check boxes.
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="CheckboxDemo"
width=250 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class CheckboxDemo extends
Applet
{
String msg = "";
Checkbox Win98, winNT, solaris, mac;
public void init()
{
Win98 = new Checkbox("Windows 98/XP",
null, true);
winNT = new Checkbox("Windows
NT/2000");
solaris = new Checkbox("Solaris");
mac = new Checkbox("MacOS");
add(Win98);
add(winNT);
add(solaris);
add(mac);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{}
}
33. Checkbox Group
• It is possible to create a set of mutually exclusive check
boxes in which one and only one check box in the group
can be checked at any one time.
• These check boxes are often called radio button.
• Check box groups are objects of type CheckboxGroup.
• Only the default constructor is defined, which creates an
empty group.
35. import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="CBGroup"
width=250 height=200>
</applet>
*/
public class CBGroup extends Applet
{
String msg = "";
Checkbox Win98, winNT,
solaris, mac;
CheckboxGroup cbg;
public void init()
{
cbg = new CheckboxGroup();
Win98 = new Checkbox("Windows 98/XP", cbg,
true);
winNT = new Checkbox("Windows NT/2000",
cbg, false);
solaris = new Checkbox("Solaris", cbg,
false);
mac = new Checkbox("MacOS", cbg, false);
add(Win98); add(winNT);
add(solaris); add(mac);}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
msg = "Current selection: ";
msg +=
cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel();
g.drawString(msg, 6, 100);
}}
37. Choice Controls
• The Choice class is used to create a pop-up list of items
from which the user may choose.
• Thus, a Choice control is a form of menu.
• Each item in the list is a string that appears as a left
justified label in the order it is added to the Choice object.
39. import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
/*
<applet code="ChoiceDemo"
width=300 height=180>
</applet>
*/
public class ChoiceDemo extends
Applet
{
Choice os, browser;
String msg = "";
public void init()
{
os = new Choice();
browser = new Choice();
os.add("Windows 98/XP");
os.add("Windows NT/2000");
os.add("Solaris");
os.add("MacOS");
browser.add("Netscape 3.x");
browser.add("Netscape 4.x");
browser.add("Netscape 5.x");
browser.add("Netscape 6.x");
browser.add("Internet Explorer 4.0");
browser.add("Internet Explorer 5.0");
browser.add("Internet Explorer 6.0");
browser.add("Lynx 2.4");
browser.select("Netscape 4.x");
add(os);
add(browser);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{}}
41. Lists
• The List class provides a compact, multiple-choice,
scrolling selection list.
• Unlike the Choice object, which shows only the single
selected item in the menu, a List object can be
constructed to show any number of choices in the visible
Window.
• It can also be created to allow multiple selections.
42. List
• List( )
• List(int numRows)
• List(int numRows, boolean multipleSelect)
• The first version creates a List control that allows only one item to be
selected at any one time.
• In the second form, the value of numRows specifies the number of entries
in the list that will always be visible (others can be scrolled into view as
needed).
• In the third form, if multipleSelect is true, then the user may select two or
more items at a time.
45. ScrollBars
• Scroll bars are used to select continuous values between a
specified minimum and maximum.
• Scroll bars may be oriented horizontally or vertically.
• A scroll bar is actually a composite of several individual
parts.
• slider box (or thumb) for the scroll bar.
• The slider box can be dragged by the user to a new
position, this action translates into some form of page up
and page down.
46. Constructors
• Scrollbar( )
• Scrollbar(int style)
• Scrollbar(int style, int iValue, int tSize, int min, int max)
• The first form creates a vertical scroll bar.
• The second and third forms allow us to specify style
Scrollbar.VERTICAL, Scrollbar.HORIZONTAL.
• In the third form, the initial value of the scroll bar is passed in
iValue. The number of units represented by the height of the
thumb is passed in tSize. The minimum and maximum values
for the scroll bar are specified by min and max.
47. Methods
void setValues(int iValue, int tSize, int min, int max)
int getValue( )
void setValue(int newValue)
int getMinimum( )
int getMaximum( )
void setUnitIncrement(int newIncr)
void setBlockIncrement(int newIncr)
49. TextField
• The TextField class implements a single-line
text-entry area, called an edit control.
• Text fields allow the user to enter strings and to
edit the text using the arrow keys, cut and paste
keys, and mouse selections.
• TextField is a subclass of TextComponent.
53. TextArea
• Sometimes a single line of text input is not enough for a
given task. To handle these situations, the AWT
includes a simple multiline editor called TextArea.
• Following are the constructors for TextArea:
• TextArea( )
• TextArea(int numLines, int numChars)
• TextArea(String str)
• TextArea(String str, int numLines, int numChars)
• TextArea(String str, int numLines, int numChars, int
sBars)
sBars must be one of these values: SCROLLBARS_BOTH,
SCROLLBARS_NONE,SCROLLBARS_HORIZONTAL_ONLY,
SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY
54. Methods
• TextArea is a subclass of TextComponent.
• Therefore, it supports the getText( ), setText( ),
getSelectedText( ), select( ), isEditable( ), and
setEditable( ) methods as of TextField.
• TextArea adds the following methods:
• void append(String str)
• void insert(String str, int index)
• void replaceRange(String str, int startIndex, int
endIndex)
56. Layout Managers
• Layout means arranging the components within the
container.
• The task of lay outing can be done automatically by
the Layout manager.
• The layout manager is set by the setLayout( )
method.
• If no call to setLayout( ) is made, then the default
layout manager is used.
• Whenever a container is resized (or sized for the first
time), the layout manager is used to position each of
the components within it.
57. • The setLayout( ) method has the following general
form:
• void setLayout(LayoutManager layoutObj)
• Here, layoutObj is a reference to the desired layout
manager.
• If we wish to disable the layout manager and
position components manually, pass null for
layoutObj.
58. LayoutManager
• LayoutManager is an interface that is implemented
by all the classes of layout managers. There are
following classes that represents the layout
managers:
• FlowLayout
• BorderLayout
• GridLayout
• CardLayout
• GridBagLayout
59. FlowLayout
• FlowLayout is the default layout manager.
• FlowLayout implements a simple layout style,
which is similar to how words flow in a text editor.
• Components are laid out from the upper-left
corner, left to right and top to bottom.
• When no more components fit on a line, the next
one appears on the next line.
• A small space is left between each component,
above and below, as well as left and right.
60. FlowLayout Constructors
• FlowLayout( )
• FlowLayout(int how)
• FlowLayout(int how, int horz, int vert)
• The first is default, which centers components and leaves
five pixels of space between each component.
• The second form lets us specify how each line is aligned.
Valid values for how are as follows:
• FlowLayout.LEFT
• FlowLayout.CENTER
• FlowLayout.RIGHT
• The third form allows us to specify the horizontal and
vertical space left between components
61. FlowLayout Methods
• int getAlignment()
• int getHgap()
• int getVgap()
• int setAlignment(int align)
• int setHgap(int hgap)
• int setVgap(int vgap)
62. public class FlowLayoutDemo extends Applet
{
Checkbox Win98, winNT, solaris, mac;
public void init()
{
Win98 = new Checkbox("Windows 98/XP", null, true);
winNT = new Checkbox("Windows NT/2000");
solaris = new Checkbox("Solaris");
mac = new Checkbox("MacOS");
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
add(Win98); add(winNT);add(solaris);add(mac);
}}
64. BorderLayout
• The BorderLayout class implements a common
layout style for top-level windows.
• It has four narrow, fixed-width components at the
edges and one large area in the center.
• The four sides are referred to as
• north,
• south,
• east, and
• west.
• The middle area is called the center.
65. BorderLayout Constructors
• BorderLayout( )
• BorderLayout(int horz, int vert)
• The first form creates a default border layout.
• The second allows us to specify the horizontal and
vertical space left between components in horz and
vert, respectively.
66. BorderLayout
• BorderLayout defines the following constants that
specify the regions:
• BorderLayout.CENTER
• BorderLayout.SOUTH
• BorderLayout.EAST
• BorderLayout.WEST
• BorderLayout.NORTH
• To add components, we use these constants with the
following form of add( ), which is defined by Container:
• void add(Component compObj, Object region);
• Here, compObj is the component to be added, and region
specifies where the component will be added.
67. public class BorderLayoutDemo extends Applet {
public void init() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(new Button("This is across the top."), BorderLayout.NORTH);
add(new Label("The footer message."), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(new Button("Right"), BorderLayout.EAST);
add(new Button("Left"), BorderLayout.WEST);
String msg = "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world;n" +
"the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.n"
+
"Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.nn" + " -
George Bernard Shawnn";
add(new TextArea(msg), BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
}
69. GridLayout
• GridLayout lays out components in a two-
dimensional grid.
• When we instantiate a GridLayout, we define the
number of rows and columns.
70. GridLayout constructors
• GridLayout( )
• GridLayout(int numRows, int numColumns )
• GridLayout(int numRows, int numColumns, int horz,
int vert)
• The first form creates a single-column grid layout.
• The second creates a grid layout with specified number of rows
and columns.
• Either numRows or numColumns can be zero.
• Specifying numRows as zero allows for unlimited-length
columns.
• Specifying numColumns as zero allows for unlimited-length
rows.
71. public class GridLayoutDemo extends Applet {
static final int n = 4;
public void init(){
setLayout(new GridLayout(n, n));
setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 24));
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
int k = i * n + j;
if(k > 0)
add(new Button("" + k));
} }}}
73. CardLayout
• The CardLayout class is unique among the other layout
managers in that it stores several different layouts.
• Each layout can be thought of as being on a separate
index card in a deck that can be shuffled so that any
card is on top at a given time.
• This can be useful for user interfaces with optional
components that can be dynamically enabled and
disabled upon user input.
• We can prepare the other layouts and have them
hidden, ready to be activated when needed.
74. • CardLayout provides these two constructors:
• CardLayout( )
• CardLayout(int horz, int vert)
• The first form creates a default card layout.
• The second form allows us to specify the horizontal
and vertical space left between components.
75. Methods
• void add(Component panelObj, Object name);
• Here name is a string that specifies the name of the card
whose panel is specified by panelObj. After we have created a
deck, our program activates a card by calling one of the
following methods:
• void first(Container deck)
• void last(Container deck)
• void next(Container deck)
• void previous(Container deck)
• void show(Container deck, String cardName)
• deck is a reference to the container (usually a panel) that
holds the cards, and cardName is the name of a card.
80. GridBagLayout
• Each GridBagLayout object maintains a dynamic
rectangular grid of cells, with each component
occupying one or more cells, called its display area.
• Each component managed by a grid bag layout is
associated with an instance of GridBagConstraints
that specifies how the component is laid out within
its display area.
81. • For customize a GridBagConstraints object by setting
one or more of its instance variables:
• gridx, gridy: Specifies the cell at the upper left of the
component's display area, where the upper-left-most
cell has address gridx = 0, gridy = 0.
• gridwidth, gridheight: Specifies the number of cells in
a row (for gridwidth) or column (for gridheight) in
the component's display area. The default value is 1.
• fill: Used when the component's display area is larger
than the component's requested size to determine
whether (and how) to resize the component.
82. import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class GridBagEx1 extends Applet {
protected void makebutton(String name,
GridBagLayout gridbag,
GridBagConstraints c) {
Button button = new Button(name);
gridbag.setConstraints(button, c);
add(button);
}
public void init() {
GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout();
GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
setLayout(gridbag);
84. Menu Bars and Menus
• A menu bar displays a list of top-level menu choices.
Each choice is associated with a dropdown menu.
• This concept is implemented in Java by the following
classes:
• MenuBar, Menu, and MenuItem.
• In general, a menu bar contains one or more Menu
objects. Each Menu object contains a list of
MenuItem objects. Each MenuItem object represents
something that can be selected by the user.
86. • MenuBar Class Defines only default constructor.
• Menu Class Constructors
• Menu( )
• Menu(String optionName)
• Menu(String optionName, boolean removable)
• Here, optionName specifies the name of the menu
selection.
• Individual menu items constructors:
• MenuItem( )
• MenuItem(String itemName)
• MenuItem(String itemName, MenuShortcut
keyAccel)
87. Methods
• Disable or enable a menu item by using:
• void setEnabled(boolean enabledFlag)
• boolean isEnabled( )
• Label set and get using:
• void setLabel(String newName)
• String getLabel( )
• Checkable menu item by using a subclass of MenuItem
called CheckboxMenuItem. :
• CheckboxMenuItem( )
• CheckboxMenuItem(String itemName)
• CheckboxMenuItem(String itemName, boolean on)
88. Methods
• Status about checkable MenuItem:
• boolean getState( )
• void setState(boolean checked)
• For add MenuItem:
• MenuItem add(MenuItem item)
• For add MenuBar
• Menu add(Menu menu)
• To get Item from Menu:
• Object getItem( )
91. DialogBox
• Dialog boxes are primarily used to obtain user input.
• They are similar to frame windows, except that dialog
boxes are always child windows of a top-level window.
• Dialog boxes don’t have menu bars.
• In other respects, dialog boxes function like frame
windows.
• Dialog boxes may be modal or modeless.
• When a modal dialog box is active, all input is directed
to it until it is closed.
• When a modeless dialog box is active, input focus can be
directed to another window in your program.
92. • Constructors:.
• Dialog(Frame parentWindow, boolean mode)
• Dialog(Frame parentWindow, String title, boolean
mode)
• To create Dialog Box:
• Create Frame or Applet
• Create another class which extends Dialog class.
• Call this new class from Frame/Applet class.
• In constructor of Extended Dialog class, use super
method and pass vales to constructor of Dialog
93. import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class DialogExample {
private static Dialog d;
DialogExample() {
Frame f= new Frame();
d = new Dialog(f , "Dialog Example", true);
d.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );
Button b = new Button ("OK");
b.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{ public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )
{ DialogExample.d.setVisible(false); }
});
d.add( new Label ("Click button to continue."));
d.add(b); d.setSize(300,300);
d.setVisible(true); }
94. FileDialog
• Java provides a built-in dialog box that lets the user
specify a file.
• To create a file dialog box, instantiate an object of type
FileDialog.
• Constructor:
• FileDialog(Frame parent, String boxName)
• FileDialog(Frame parent, String boxName, int how)
• FileDialog(Frame parent)
• Int how: FileDialog.LOAD, FileDialog.SAVE
• Methods:
• String getDirectory( )
• String getFile( )
95. import java.awt.*;
class SampleFrame extends Frame
{
SampleFrame(String title){
super(title); }}
class FileDialogDemo
{public static void main(String args[]){
Frame f = new SampleFrame("File Dialog Demo");
f.setVisible(true);
f.setSize(100, 100);
FileDialog fd = new FileDialog(f, "File Dialog");
fd.setVisible(true);
}}
![Program using Frames
import java.awt.*;
class FirstFrame{
FirstFrame(){
Frame f=new Frame();
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(30,50,80,30);
f.add(b);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true); }
public static void main(String args[]){
FirstFrame f=new FirstFrame();
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-18-320.jpg)
![Program using Frames
import java.awt.*;
class First extends Frame{
First(){
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);
add(b);
setSize(300,300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(
String args[]){
First f=new First();
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-19-320.jpg)
![Methods
void add(String name)
void add(String name, int index)
String getSelectedItem( )
int getSelectedIndex( )
String[ ] getSelectedItems( )
int[ ] getSelectedIndexes( )
int getItemCount( )
void select(int index)
String getItem(int index)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-43-320.jpg)
![b1=new Button("Apple");
b2=new Button("Boy");
b3=new Button("Cat");
b1.addActionListener(this);
b2.addActionListener(this);
b3.addActionListener(this);
add(b1,”card1”); add(b2,”card2”); add(b3,”card3”); }
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
card.next(this);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CardLayoutExample cl=new CardLayoutExample();
cl.setSize(400,400);
cl.setVisible(true);
} }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-78-320.jpg)
![c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
c.weightx = 1.0;
makebutton("Button1", gridbag, c);
makebutton("Button2", gridbag, c);
makebutton("Button3", gridbag, c);
c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //end row
makebutton("Button4", gridbag, c);
c.weightx = 0.0; //reset to the default
makebutton("Button5", gridbag, c); //another row
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Frame f = new Frame("GridBag Layout Example");
GridBagEx1 ex1 = new GridBagEx1();
ex1.init(); f.add("Center", ex1); f.pack();
f.resize(f.preferredSize());
f.show(); } }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-83-320.jpg)
![import java.awt.*;
class MenuExample
{
MenuExample(){
Frame f= new Frame("Menu Example");
MenuBar mb=new MenuBar();
Menu menu=new Menu("Menu");
Menu submenu=new Menu("Sub Menu");
MenuItem i1=new MenuItem("Item 1");
MenuItem i2=new MenuItem("Item 2");
MenuItem i3=new MenuItem("Item 3");
MenuItem i4=new MenuItem("Item 4");
MenuItem i5=new MenuItem("Item 5");
menu.add(i1);
menu.add(i2); menu.add(i3);
submenu.add(i4);
submenu.add(i5);
menu.add(submenu);
mb.add(menu);
f.setMenuBar(mb);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String
args[]) {
new MenuExample();
} }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-89-320.jpg)
![import java.awt.*;
class SampleFrame extends Frame
{
SampleFrame(String title){
super(title); }}
class FileDialogDemo
{public static void main(String args[]){
Frame f = new SampleFrame("File Dialog Demo");
f.setVisible(true);
f.setSize(100, 100);
FileDialog fd = new FileDialog(f, "File Dialog");
fd.setVisible(true);
}}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awt-250302163601-b51bbc00/85/awdrdtfffyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyfyyfyt-ppt-95-320.jpg)
