AWS Monitoring & Logging

AWS Monitoring & Logging
Jason Poley
Barclaycard / Entech
jpoley@entech.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonpoley

Different log categories
AWS Infrastructure logs
 AWS CloudTrail
 Amazon VPC Flow
Logs
AWS service logs
 Amazon S3
 AWS Elastic Load
Balancing
 Amazon CloudFront
 AWS Lambda
 AWS Elastic
Beanstalk
 …
Host based logs
 Messages
 Security
 NGINX/Apache/IIS
 Windows Event Logs
 Windows Performance
Counters
 …

Different log categories
AWS Infrastructure logs
 AWS CloudTrail
 Amazon VPC Flow
Logs
AWS service logs
 Amazon S3
 AWS Elastic Load
Balancing
 Amazon CloudFront
 AWS Lambda
 AWS Elastic
Beanstalk
 …
Host based logs
 Messages
 Security
 NGINX/Apache/IIS
 Windows Event Logs
 Windows Performance
Counters
 …
Security related events

AWS CloudTrail
Records AWS API calls for your account

What can you answer using a CloudTrail event?
 Who made the API call?
 When was the API call made?
 What was the API call?
 Which resources were acted up on in the API call?
 Where was the API call made from and made to?
Supported services:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-supported-services.html

What does an event look like?
{
"eventVersion": "1.01",
"userIdentity": {
"type": "IAMUser", // Who?
"principalId": "AIDAJDPLRKLG7UEXAMPLE",
"arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Alice", //Who?
"accountId": "123456789012",
"accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
"userName": "Alice",
"sessionContext": {
"attributes": {
"mfaAuthenticated": "false",
"creationDate": "2014-03-18T14:29:23Z"
}
}
},
"eventTime": "2014-03-18T14:30:07Z", //When?
"eventSource": "cloudtrail.amazonaws.com",
"eventName": "StartLogging", //What?
"awsRegion": "us-west-2",//Where to?
"sourceIPAddress": "72.21.198.64", // Where from?
"userAgent": "AWSConsole, aws-sdk-java/1.4.5 Linux/x.xx.fleetxen Java_HotSpot(TM)_64-Bit_Server_VM/xx",
"requestParameters": {
"name": "Default“ // Which resource?
},
// more event details
}

AWS CloudTrail Best Practices
1. Enable in all regions Benefits
 Also tracks unused regions
 Can be done in single
configuration step

1. Enable in all regions
2. Enable log file validation
Benefits
 Ensure log file integrity
 Validated log files are
invaluable in security and
forensic investigations
 Built using industry standard
algorithms: SHA-256 for
hashing and SHA-256 with
RSA for digital signing
 AWS CloudTrail will start
delivering digest files on an
hourly basis
 Digest files contain hash values
of log files delivered and are
signed by AWS CloudTrail

3. Encrypted logs
Benefits
 By default, AWS CloudTrail
encrypts log files using Amazon
S3 server side encryption
(SSE-S3)
 You can choose to encrypt
using AWS Key Management
Service (SSE-KMS)
 Amazon S3 will decrypt on your
behalf if your credentials have
decrypt permissions

3. Encrypted logs
4. Integrate with Amazon
CloudWatch Logs
Benefits
 Simple search
 Configure alerting on events

3. Encrypted logs
4. Integrate with Amazon
CloudWatch Logs
5. Centralize logs from all
accounts
Benefits
 Configure all accounts to send
logs to a central security
account
 Reduce risk for log tampering
 Can be combined with Amazon
S3 CRR

AWS Technology Partner solutions integrated with
CloudTrail

Amazon VPC Flow Logs
Log network traffic for Amazon VPC, subnet or single
interfaces

Amazon VPC Flow Logs
 Stores log in AWS CloudWatch Logs
 Can be enabled on
• Amazon VPC, a subnet, or a network interface
• Amazon VPC & Subnet enables logging for all interfaces in the VPC/subnet
• Each network interface has a unique log stream
 Flow logs do not capture real-time log streams for your network interfaces
 Filter desired result based on need
• All, Reject, Accept
• Troubleshooting or security related with alerting needs?
• Think before enabling All on VPC, will you use it?

VPC Flow Logs
• Agentless
• Enable per ENI, per subnet, or per VPC
• Logged to AWS CloudWatch Logs
• Create CloudWatch metrics from log data
• Alarm on those metrics
AWS
account
Source IP
Destination IP
Source port
Destination port
Interface Protocol Packets
Bytes Start/end time
Accept
or reject

VPC Flow Logs
• Amazon
Elasticsearch
Service
• Amazon
CloudWatch
Logs
subscriptions

Amazon CloudWatch
Monitor Logs from Amazon EC2 Instances in Real-time

Ubiquitous logging and monitoring
Amazon CloudWatch Logs lets you grab everything and monitor activity
 Managed service to collect and keep your logs
 CloudWatch Logs Agent for Linux and Windows instances
 Integration with Metrics and Alarms
 Export data to S3 for analytics
 Stream to Amazon ElasticSearch Service or AWS Lambda

CloudWatch Metrics
 Supports custom metrics.
 Memory is a custom parameter
 5 minute interval by default, 1
minute available with detailed.
 Can be used as a forensics tool
because it keeps instance
information for 2 weeks.
 Information stored in time series
format.
 Provides dashboarding capabilities
and an API for extraction.
 Use as a foundational component of
auto-scaling.

Managing, Monitoring & Processing Logs
CloudWatch Logs
- Near real-time, aggregate, monitor, store, and search
Amazon Elasticsearch Service Integration (or ELK stack)
- Analytics and Kibana interface
AWS Lambda & Amazon Kinesis Integration
- Custom processing with your code
Export to S3
- SDK & CLI batch export of logs for analytics

Arrow direction indicates general direction of data flow
EC2 instances
Logstash
cluster on EC2
DynamoDB
Tables
RDS Databases
(via JDBC)
SQS
Queues
Kinesis
Streams
VPC
Flow Logs
CloudTrail
Audit Logs
S3
Access
Logs
ELB
Access
Logs
CloudFront
Access
Logs
SNS
Notifications
DynamoDB
Streams
SES
Inbound
Email
Cognito
Events
Kinesis
Streams
CloudWatch
Events &
Alarms
Config
Rules

Automating your
compliance checks

Multiple levels of automation
Self managed
 AWS CloudTrail -> Amazon CloudWatch Logs -> Amazon CloudWatch Alerts
 AWS CloudTrail -> Amazon SNS -> AWS Lambda
Compliance validation
 AWS Config Rules
Host based Compliance validation
 AWS Inspector
Active Change Remediation
 Amazon CloudWatch Events

AWS Config
Resource and Configuration Tracking

What Resources exist?
Get inventory of AWS resources
Discover new and deleted resources
Record configuration changes
continuously
Get notified when configurations change
Know resource relationships
dependencies

NormalizeRecordChanging
Resources
AWS Config
Deliver
Stream
Snapshot (ex. 2014-11-05)
AWS Config
APIs
Store
History

Evidence for compliance
Many compliance audits require access to the state of your
systems at arbitrary times (i.e., PCI, HIPAA).
A complete inventory of all resources and their configuration
attributes is available for any point in time.

AWS Config Rules
Automate Response to Changes

Automated Response to Change
Set up rules to check configuration
changes recorded
Use pre-built rules provided by AWS
Author custom rules using AWS Lambda
Invoked automatically for continuous
assessment
Use dashboard for visualizing
compliance and identifying changes

NormalizeRecordChanging
Resources
AWS Config & Config Rules
Deliver
Stream
Snapshot (ex. 2014-11-05)
AWS Config
APIs
Store
History
Rules

AWS managed rules
1. All EC2 instances must be inside a VPC.
2. All attached EBS volumes must be encrypted, with KMS ID.
3. CloudTrail must be enabled, optionally with S3 bucket, SNS topic
and CloudWatch Logs.
4. All security groups in attached state should not have unrestricted
access to port 22.
5. All EIPs allocated for use in the VPC are attached to instances.
6. All resources being monitored must be tagged with specified tag
keys:values.
7. All security groups in attached state should not have unrestricted
access to these specific ports.

AWS Config Rules Repository
AWS Community repository of custom Config rules
https://github.com/awslabs/aws-config-rules
Contains Node and Python samples for Custom Rules for
AWS Config

AWS CloudWatch Events
The central nervous system for your AWS environment

Tools - Amazon CloudWatch Events
Trigger on event
 Amazon EC2 instance state change notification
 AWS API call (very specific)
 AWS console sign-in
 Auto Scaling
Or Schedule
 Cron is in the cloud!
 No more Unreliable Town Clock
 Min 1 min
Single event can have multiple targets

AWS Inspector
Automated security assessment service

Why Amazon Inspector?
Applications testing key to moving fast but staying safe
Security assessment highly manual, resulting in delays or
missed security checks
Valuable security subject matter experts spending too
much time on routine security assessment

Amazon Inspector features
Configuration Scanning Engine
Built-in content library
Run-Time Behavior Analysis
Automatable via API
Fully auditable

Amazon Inspector rulesets
CVE
CIS OS Security Config Benchmark
Network Security Best Practices
Authentication Best Practices
Operating System Best Practices
Application Security Best Practices

Amazon Inspector benefits
Increased agility
Embedded expertise
Improved security posture
Streamlined compliance

AWS Security tools: What to use?
AWS Security and Compliance
Security of the
cloud
Services and tools to
aid
security in the cloud
Service Type Use cases
Continuous logging
Records AWS API calls for your account and
delivers log files to you
Continuous evaluations
Codified internal best practices,
misconfigurations, security vulnerabilities, or
actions on changes
On-demand evaluations
Security insights into your application
deployments running inside your EC2 instance
Periodic evaluations
Cost, performance, reliability, and security
checks that apply broadly
Actions in response to
APIs and state change
AWS APIs use triggers custom Lambda actions
AWS Inspector
AWS Config
Rules
AWS Trusted
Advisor
AWS CloudTrail
CloudWach
Events

Don’t forget built-in reporting

AWS Trusted Advisor checks your account

Rounding up
 Leverage built-in tools for monitoring and compliance
 Storage is cheap, not knowing can be very expensive – Log if possible
 Alerting is good, automating your security response is better
 Use managed services and built-in reporting to offload and automate
 See the Big Picture, what info do you want and what tool can give it to you

AWS Services
 CloudWatch – Events, Logs, Metrics
 VPC Flow Logs
 CloudTrail
 Config & Config Rules
 Inspector
 Trusted Advisor
 IAM – credential report & policy simulator
 Indirect tools – Elasticsearch, S3, Kinesis.

AWS Monitoring & Logging

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