Bacterial Disease in Fish by bushra mushtaq.ppt
- 1. Presented by Bushra Mushtaq, Ishrat Farooq and Shugufta parveen (Enrollment No.s: -18060119017 ,18060119018, 18060119015 Batch: 2019 Supervisor: Dr Bashir Ahmad Lone Department of Bioresources Universityof Kashmir Project Title : Microbial Diseases in Fishes Department of Bioresources School of Biological Sciences University of Kashmir
- 2. Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular or single celled microscopic organisms. Their cell membrane is made up of cellulose and chitin. Bacteria are Gram positive or Gram negative. Bacterial cell walls are thick and thin . They lack nuclei and other organized cell structure. Some of the bacteria are pigmented.
- 3. Bacterial Disease in fish Fish are susceptible to a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. Many of these bacteria are capable of causing disease They are considered to be saprophytic in nature . These bacteria become pathogenic only when fishes are nutritionally deficient or there are other stress factors which include poor water quality ,overstocking which allow opportunistic bacterial infections to proceed.
- 4. Various Possibilities of Bacterial diseases 1. Poor quality of water. 2. Poor hygiene. 3. Fish that are injured have other diseases. 4. Dead fish/large amounts of decomposing organic material in the pond.
- 5. List of Bacterial Diseases which occur in Fishes Bacterial diseases are usually characterized by red streaks or spots and/or swelling of the abdomen or eye. 1.Fish Tuberculosis 2.Cotton mouth disease 3.Columnaris 4.Dropsy 5.Furunculosis
- 6. 1.FishTuberculosis Caused by: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium piscium Symptoms in fish: Ulcers on body, nodules in internal organs, fin and tail rot ,loss of appetite, loss of weight in fish. Treatments: This can be cured with dip treatment in 1:2000 copper sulphate for 1 minute for 3-4 days . Plate 1: showing fish tuberculosis
- 7. 2. Cotton mouth disease Caused by: The bacterium Chondrococcus columnaris. Symptoms in fish: It shows up first as a gray or white line around the lips and later as short tufts sprouting from the mouth like fungus. Treatments: Hard to treat, but not impossible. Like any disease best caught early. There are commercial products available to treat cotton mouth. Also change the water daily 20% and use a regular dose of salt in your tank.
- 8. Plate 2: showing cotton mouth disease in fish
- 9. 3. Columnaris Caused by: Filamentous bacteria eg. fexibacteria Symptoms in fish :White spots on mouth, edges of scales, and fins. Treatment: Change water, Vacuum gravel, Add aquarium salt ,Treat with copper sulfate or antibiotic, Discontinue carbon filtration during treatment . Plate3: showing columnaris in fish
- 10. 4. Dropsy Caused by: Bacteria (Pseudomonas punctata). Symptoms in fish: Accumulation of body fluid/ water in the body cavity or in scale pockets, scales become loose, abdomen bulge largely and pressing on it water comes out through the mouth etc. Treatments: There are a number of medications available such as penicillin, tetracycline and naladixic acid. Plate4: showing Dropsy in fish
- 11. 5. Furunculosis Caused by : Bacteria (Aeromonas salmonicida) Symptoms in fish: Appearance of bloody boils on the skin and almost all visceral organs. Treatment: Many types of antibiotics have been used with varying degrees of success. Use of tetracycline, erythromycin and Nitrofurazone have no documented effect on Pseudomonas or Aeromonas. Plate 5: showing furunculosis in fish
- 12. VIRAL INFECTIONS A virus is a microscopic organism that can only reproduce by inhibiting host cells and using the genetic material in the cells of a host. Healthy fish that have a balanced diet and good water conditions have strong immune system to fight off such infections.
- 13. VIRAL DISEASES IN FISHES 1. Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) 2. Infectious pancreatic Necrosis (IPN ) 3. Spring viremia of carp
- 14. Causative agent: Virus having RNA. Symptoms: These include pale gills, dark body colour, ascites (fluid in the body cavity), exophthalmos (bulging eye), and in some cases an intermittent period of erratic spiralling behaviour and rapid respiration. Treatment: As with many viral diseases of fish, there is no specific treatment or cure for VHS. 1.VIRAL HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA (VHS)
- 15. 2.SPRING VIREMIA OF CARP Causative agent: spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) or Rhabdo virus carpio. Symptoms: Darkening of the skin, swollen abdomen, exophthalmia (popeye), hemorrhages in the skin, gills, swim bladder, and inflammation of the intestines. Treatment: Not specific.
- 16. MODE OF INFECTION Fungal infection are most common disease seen in temperate fishes. Poor water quality can also increase fungal infection in healthy fishes. poor hygienic condition in pond also increase fungal infection in fishes. Fish that are injured have also spread disease in other fishes. Decomposing organic material in pond also spread fungal disease in fishes. Most fungal infection attack the external tissue and few fungal infection will infect the internal organs( Gill’s, liver, kidney, tissue, spleen, gonad’s etc. All fungi produce spores and these force spread disease.
- 17. FUNGAL DISEASES CHARACTERISTIC OF FUNGUS Fungi are member of the kingdom thallophyta. Fungi are colourless (no chlorophyll) and heterotroph. Hyphae( unit of fungi), mycelium (group of fungi ). Cell wall is made of chitin and reserve food( glycogen) First fungal infection noted in fish by ARDERON in 1784
- 18. 1.SPRING VIREMIA OF CARP Causative agent: spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) or Rhabdo virus carpio. Symptoms: Darkening of the skin, swollen abdomen, exophthalmia (popeye), hemorrhages in the skin, gills, swim bladder, and inflammation of the intestines. Treatment: Not specific.
- 19. Summary 1.Microbial diseases may be caused by many pathogenic organisms such as Bacteria, Fungi, Virus and Protozoa which may be present in the environment or carried by other fish . 2.Infectious diseases results from a series of complex interactions of the pathogen ,host and surrounding environment. 3.Among various fish pathogens ,bacteria constitute the major group of microorganisms posing significant threats to the fishery and aquaculture industry world wide.
- 20. Cont. Summary 4.Fungal diseases are also one of the major problems among fish infections ,second only to the bacterial infections. According to fish pathologists mycoses deprives fish of its natural strength hindering the internal function of the organ responsible for consequential fish death. 5. viruses too are important fish pathogens, often species- specific and tissues because there may not be a commercially available cell line or an individual fish species stated that all animals(including fishes) may be susceptible to some infectious diseases temporarily in their lives,further suggesting that the fishes possess some levels of natural resistance to diseases.