Basic Computer 208 part 2
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The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers. parts of computer
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Basic Computer 208 part 2
- 2. Output DeviceOutput Device Output device are peripheral device,which are employed to get the output from the computer. Ex.- Printers,Plotters and Moniter are some examples of output device.
- 3. MonitorMonitor • The Monitor is used to display the processed result. It is the most important output device.
- 4. Monitor
- 5. Printers • The printer provides the hard copy (Printer material on a paper). • The printers can be broadly classified in two:- • Impact Printers and non impact printers • In Impact printers, there is a direct contact between the paper and the head. Eg. Dot Matrix Printer, there is no direct contact between the paper and the head called non impact printer. Eg. Ink jet Printer. .
- 6. Impact Printer Ex. Dot Matrix Printer
- 7. Ex. Ink jet Laser Printer. Non-Impact Printers
- 8. Plotter The first plotter was invented in 1953 by Remington-Rand. A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is used for printing vector graphics. Instead of toner,
- 9. Output Device Speakers Projector Headphone
- 11. System Unit • The system unit consists of many components like the motherboard, CPU, Coprocessor, Memory, System Bus, Expansion Bus slots, BIOS ROM, Chipset and other jumpers and connectors for connecting the front panel display LEDs, Power supply unit.
- 12. Motherboard • Motherboard is the main board in the computer. It holds the CPU, and the other components in a computer. It is placed safely and securely inside the computer case.
- 13. CPU (Central Processing Unit) • The Central Processing Unit is also termed as Processor is considered as the brain of the computer. It is an electronic component with millions of transistors present in them. • It is known as System unit.
- 14. Memory • Memory is a device used to store information in the computer. Memory used in PC can be broadly classified in to two types 1. Primary Memory e.g. RAM and ROM 2. Secondary Memory e.g. Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Magnetic Tapes. CDs etc.
- 15. Primary Memory • Primary memory is used to store the program that are being currently executed and the data, which is used for processing. • The main memory in the motherboard is of two types ROM and RAM.
- 16. ROM • ROM:- ROM is a Non versatile memory. ROM stores the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) program and the hardware setting. there are three types of ROM. • 1. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) • 2. EPROM (Erasable Read Only Memory) • 3. Flash Memory
- 17. TYPES OF ROM
- 18. Difference Between RAM and ROM
- 19. • RAM:- RAM is a versatile memory used for storing the user data temporarily when the CPU is processing information. RAM is two types • 1. SRAM (Static RAM):- used as Cache Memory • 2. DRAM (Dynamic RAM):- used as main system memory
- 20. TYPES OF RAM SRAM:- Because the memory retains its contents as long as power is supplied-it does not have to be periodically refreshed as in DRAM. It is faster than DRAM (The contents of the memory can be read much faster), however is more expensive and is larger in size. DRAM:- Because the memory content needs to be refreshed periodically (every few milliseconds) due to leakage of electrical charge. It is slower than SRAM, but cheaper and smaller in size. Many types of DRAM 1.EDO RAM (Extended Data Out Random Access Memory) 2.SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) 3.DDR (Double Data Rate) 4.DDR2 (Double Data Rate2) 5.DDR3 (Double Data Rate3)
- 21. CACHE MEMORY
- 22. CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) MEMORY • CMOS :- A battery that maintains the time, date, hard disk and other configuration settings in the CMOS memory. CMOS batteries are small and are attached directly to the motherboard.
- 23. System Bus • Bus is a set of wires or conductive path that provide electrical connection for the transfer of data, address and control signal to different components in a computers. The system bus can be classified as • Data bus • Address bus • Control bus • Data bus:- data bus is bidirectional, this means that the data is transferred to and from the CPU. The data in a computer system is sent in the form of binary bits 0s and 1 s. • 8 bits = 1 Byte • 64 bits = 8 Bytes • 1 Byte = 1 Character • 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte (KB) • 1024 KB = 1 Giga byte (GB) • 1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB) • 1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte (PB)
- 24. Address Bus • An address bus is a computer bus architecture used to transfer data between devices that are identified by the hardware address of the physical memory (the physical address), which is stored in the form of binary numbers to enable the data bus to access memory storage. Control Bus The control bus is used to synchronize the data between the CPU and the peripherals ;ike input or output devices or memory. It provides dialogue control for the data transfer during read or write operation to the address provided by the address bus.
- 25. • PC (Personal Computer Bus) • ISA (Industry Standard Architecture Bus) • MCA (Micro Channel Architecture Bus) • EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) • VESA (Video Electronics Standard Association Bus) • PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus) Expansion Bus Slots:- Some of the Expansion bus types are:-
- 27. Power Supply • The Power Supply part is the most significant component of the computer. The power supply unit in a PC is called as Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS). SMPS is used to convert 110V / 220V AC (Alternating Current) into 3.3V, 5V, 12V DC (Direct Current) supply. • The Integrated Chips (IC’s) like the motherboard operate with 3.3 V or 5V DC voltage. The elect mechanical components like the motor, fan etc. operate at 12V DC power supply.
- 28. Storage Device (Secondary Memory) HDD FDD CD/DVD PEN DRIVE Storage Device:- A storage device is used to store large amount of information like Operating System, application programs, data files in a computer. Some example of secondary storage device.
- 29. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) The Hard Disk Drive is a magnetic storage device. It is used to store large amount of data in a PC. The Power connector used for hard disk drive is 4 pin connector called the molex connector and 15 Pin Connector called the sata Connector. The hard disk and the power connector used for connecting hard disk are shown in the following figure:- Disk Speed:-RPM(Rotation Per Minute)
- 30. • The HDD is connected to a 40 Pin Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller on the motherboard. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 40 Pin IDE Interface 40 Pin IDE Interface HDD With Jumper
- 31. FDD (Floppy Disk Drive) • The floppy disk is a removable disk that stores the data in a magnetic media. Floppy disk is available in various storage capacities. – 360 KB, 720 KB, 1.2 MB, 1.44 MB and 2.88 MB etc. • A four pin Berg connector is used to provide power supply to the floppy disk drive. The floppy disk drive interface has 34 pins and a twist in the cable
- 32. FDD (Floppy Disk Drive)
- 33. CD/DVD (Compact Disk/Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) • CD:- Compact Disk can be used to store data from 650 MB to 700 MB. A compact disc is a portable storage medium that can be used to record, store and play back audio, video and other data in digital form. • DVD:- DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc technology with a 4.7 GB storage capacity on a single-sided. a DVD or DVD-ROM is a disc capable of storing large amounts of data on one disc the size of a standard Compact Disc CD R/RW DVD R/RW • Blue Ray Disk 50-500 GB
- 34. Pen Drive • A Pen drive is a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB. This device is small, lightweight, removable and rewritable. It will run with USB connection (5 volts and up to 500mA.)
- 35. • Many Storage Device are More:- Zip Drive, Tape Drive, Memory Stick etc. • Zip drive is a high density removable media which can store a maximum of 100 MB to 250 MB of data. Zip drive is developed by Iomega Corporation. • Tape drive is similar to a tape recorder, which can be used to read data and write data into a tape • Memory stick is a small card. Memory stick is a removable flash memory card. This can be used as a memory storage device in a laptop. Storage Device (Secondary Memory)
- 36. Peripheral Connectors • PS/2 Port is used for connecting PS/2 Keyboard and PS/2 Mouse • USB ports are used for connecting any type of USB device • 9 pin D type serial port is uses for connecting any serial device • 25 pin D type female port is used for connecting printers • 15 pin D type female connector is used for connecting devices like joystick.