BDD, ATDD, Page Objects: The Road to Sustainable Web Testing
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The document discusses automated web testing techniques, emphasizing the use of Page Objects for creating reusable and low-maintenance testing components. John Ferguson Smart highlights the benefits of Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) to enhance test readability and expressiveness. Case studies illustrate the practical application of these concepts in various web applications, promoting efficient testing strategies.
![Automated Acceptance Tests
tags ["acceptance", "sprint-1"] Implement these in
scenario "An empty grid should produce an empty grid",{
Sprint 1
when "the user chooses to start a new game", {
newGamePage = homePage.clickOnNewGameLink()
}
then "the user is invited to enter the initial state of the universe", {
newGamePage.text.shouldHave "Please seed your universe"
}
}
scenario "The user can seed the universe with an initial grid",{
given "the user is on the new grid page", {
newGridPage = homePage.clickOnNewGameLink()
}
when "that the user clicks on Go without picking any cells", {
gridDisplayPage = newGridPage.clickOnGoButton()
}
then "the application will display an empty universe", {
String[][] anEmptyGrid = [[".", ".", "."],
[".", ".", "."],
[".", ".", "."]]
gridDisplayPage.displayedGrid.shouldBe anEmptyGrid
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bdd-atdd-and-page-objects-101119232202-phpapp01/85/BDD-ATDD-Page-Objects-The-Road-to-Sustainable-Web-Testing-33-320.jpg)
![Page Components
Reusable component
class RadioButton {
WebElement button
WebElement buttonContainer;
def buttonId
def driver
void clickButton() {
initButton()
button.click();
}
void shouldBeEnabled() {
assert !isDisabled();
}
void shouldBeDisabled() {
assert isDisabled();
} Horrible nasty GWT code
private boolean isDisabled() {
initButton()
return buttonContainer.getAttribute("class").contains("x-item-disabled");
}
private void initButton()
{
if (button==null) {
buttonContainer=driver.findElement(By.id("gwt-debug-${buttonId}_BUTTON"));
button=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@value, ${buttonId}-input)]"));
}
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bdd-atdd-and-page-objects-101119232202-phpapp01/85/BDD-ATDD-Page-Objects-The-Road-to-Sustainable-Web-Testing-49-320.jpg)
![Page Components
class Grid {
A Grid (table) component
def driver
def gridId
def getAt(int i) { It looks like an array
def gridRows = getGridRows()
return gridRows[i]
}
def size() {
def gridRows = getGridRows()
return gridRows.size()
}
def shouldHaveARowWith(def map) {
def gridRows = getGridRows()
def matchingRowFound = true
for(entry in map) {
def gridRow = gridRows.find { row ->
row[entry.key] == entry.value
}
matchingRowFound = gridRow != null
}
return matchingRowFound
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bdd-atdd-and-page-objects-101119232202-phpapp01/85/BDD-ATDD-Page-Objects-The-Road-to-Sustainable-Web-Testing-51-320.jpg)
![Page Components
@Test
void theSummaryItemChangesToReflectTreeChoice() {
page.itemTree.selectEntryCalled("Stuff to do") This is not an array
assert page.itemSummaryGrid.size() == 1
def highlightedItemSummaryRow = page.itemSummaryGrid[0]
assert highlightedItemSummaryRow.customerName == "ACME Inc"
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bdd-atdd-and-page-objects-101119232202-phpapp01/85/BDD-ATDD-Page-Objects-The-Road-to-Sustainable-Web-Testing-52-320.jpg)
BDD, ATDD, Page Objects: The Road to Sustainable Web Testing
- 1. BDD, ATDD, Page Objects The Road to Sustainable Web Testing John Ferguson Smart
- 2. So who is this guy, anyway? Consulta nt Trainer Mentor Author Speaker Coder John Fer guson S mar t
- 3. Java Power Tools Bootcamp at Skills Matter ALL YOUR AGILE JAVA TOOLS TRAINING ARE BELONG TO US bDr iver m 2/We mave Seleniu Hudson n BDD JUnit TD D London January 24-28 2011
- 4. Don’t let your web tests end up like this!
- 5. The Three Ways of Automated Web Testing Record/Replay Scripting Page Objects
- 6. Record-replay automated tests Promise Reality
- 8. Script-based automated tests Selenium RC HTMLUnit JWebUnit Canoe Webtest Watir
- 9. Script-based automated tests Selenium RC HTMLUnit JWebUnit Canoe Webtest Watir
- 10. What we’d like to have... D.R.Y Don’t Repeat Yourself
- 11. What we’d like to have... Reusable building blocks
- 12. What we’d like to have... A communication tool
- 13. Introducing Page Objects Reusable Low maintenance Speak your language
- 14. Page Objects are reusable components
- 15. Page Objects hide unnecessary details
- 16. Page Objects are low maintenance
- 17. Page Objects speak everybody’s language
- 18. Page Objects in action An example
- 19. Page Objects in action The old way - Selenium RC selenium = new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, "*firefox", "http://www.google.com/"); selenium.open("http://www.google.com"); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(5000); selenium.type("q", "cats"); selenium.click("BtnG"); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(5000); assertThat(selenium.isTextPresent("cats"), is(true));
- 20. Page Objects in action The new way - Using Page Objects WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); GoogleSearchPage page = new GoogleSearchPage(driver); page.open(); page.searchFor("cats"); assertThat(page.getTitle(), containsString("cats") ); page.close();
- 21. Page Objects in action The new way - Using Page Objects WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); GoogleSearchPage page = new GoogleSearchPage(driver); page.open(); page.searchFor("cats"); assertThat(page.getTitle(), containsString("cats") ); page.close(); GoogleSearchPage open() close() searchFor( query : String ) clickOnFeelingLucky() openAdvancedSearchOptions() ...
- 22. Page Objects in action The new way - another example WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); GoogleSearchPage page = new GoogleSearchPage(driver); Hides HTML page.open() details page.typeIntoSearchBox("cats"); List<String> suggestions = page.getSuggestions(); Uses assertThat(suggestions, hasItem("cats and dogs")); business terms page.close();
- 23. From Pages Objects to BDD Taking expressive tests to the next level
- 24. BDD in action WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); GoogleSearchPage page = new GoogleSearchPage(driver); page.open() page.typeIntoSearchBox("cats"); List<String> suggestions = page.getSuggestions(); assertThat(suggestions, hasItem("cats and dogs")); page.close(); But would your testers understand this?
- 25. BDD in action Much more readable using "google-search" scenario "Searching for 'cats' on Google", { when "the user types 'cats' in the search box", { onTheWebPage.typeIntoSearchBox "cats" } then "the drop-down suggestions should include 'cats and dogs'" theWebPage.suggestions.shouldHave "cats and dogs" } } Still uses Page Objects under the hood How about this?
- 26. BDD in action More readable reporting
- 27. So how does it work? Easyb Plugin using "google-search" scenario "Searching for 'cats' on Google",{ when "the user types 'cats' in the search box", { onTheWebPage.typeIntoSearchBox "cats" } then "the drop-down suggestions should include 'cats and dogs'" theWebPage.suggestions.shouldHave "cats and dogs" } } Page Objects Page Navigation
- 28. Automated Acceptance Tests Where are your goal posts?
- 29. Automated Acceptance Tests Unit tests are for Acceptance tests are developers for everyone else
- 30. Automated Acceptance Tests Unit tests are for Acceptance tests are developers for everyone else
- 31. Automated Acceptance Tests Passing acceptance tests Pending acceptance tests
- 32. Automated Acceptance Tests Acceptance tests Pending acceptance tests
- 33. Automated Acceptance Tests tags ["acceptance", "sprint-1"] Implement these in scenario "An empty grid should produce an empty grid",{ Sprint 1 when "the user chooses to start a new game", { newGamePage = homePage.clickOnNewGameLink() } then "the user is invited to enter the initial state of the universe", { newGamePage.text.shouldHave "Please seed your universe" } } scenario "The user can seed the universe with an initial grid",{ given "the user is on the new grid page", { newGridPage = homePage.clickOnNewGameLink() } when "that the user clicks on Go without picking any cells", { gridDisplayPage = newGridPage.clickOnGoButton() } then "the application will display an empty universe", { String[][] anEmptyGrid = [[".", ".", "."], [".", ".", "."], [".", ".", "."]] gridDisplayPage.displayedGrid.shouldBe anEmptyGrid } }
- 34. And now for the case studies
- 35. Case Study Government online form processing
- 36. Architecture - fitting it all together Acceptance tests Easyb Plugin Page Objects Integration tests JUnit Web Application
- 37. The application Perl and Java Lots of forms Ugly colours
- 38. What the tester uses using "ecert" Custom easyb plugin tags "TC02" Plugin handles before "we are connected to the UAT environment", { authentication given "we are connected to the UAT environment", { connecting.to('uat').withUser('a_tester') } } Business-level tests scenario "The user opens the 'New Export Certificate' page and selects a country",{ when "the user clicks on the 'New Export Certificate' menu", { onTheWebPage.navigationPanel.clickOnNewExportCertificate() } and "the user chooses USA and clicks on 'Show Data Entry'", { onTheWebPage.selectDeclarationFormFor 'United States' } then "we should be on the US Export Certification Preparation page", { theWebPage.asText.shouldHave "Export Certificate Preparation" theWebPage.asText.shouldHave "Declarations for United States" } and "the 'Raise New Blank Export Certificate' is default and selected", { theWebPage.raiseNewBlankCertificate.shouldBeSelected() } }
- 40. What the tester uses ... scenario "The user fills in the Export Certificate Submission Form",{ when "we fill in the export certificate details", { theWebPage.with { certificateNumber = '123456' consignor = 'LANEXCO1' importerID = '123' Groovy shortcuts importerName = 'ImportsRUs' importerRepresentative = 'local guy' officialInformation = 'very important' transportMode = 'AIR' carrierName = 'AirNZ' Business-level tests productItem(1).description = 'Product data' productItem(1).harmonizedSystemCode = '020110' productItem(1).with { process(1).with { type = 'Freezing' processingStartDate = '01/01/2010' Handling processingEndDate = '02/01/2010' nested forms appliedBy = 'some dude' overrideSelected() } ...
- 41. What the Page Objects look like public class ECertNavigationPanel extends AuthenticatedWebPage { @FindBy(linkText="XML Submit") WebElement xmlSubmit; WebDriver annotations @FindBy(linkText="New Export Certificate") WebElement newExportCertificate; public ECertNavigationPanel(WebDriver driver) { super(driver); } public WebElement getXmlSubmit() {...} public WebElement getNewExportCertificate() {...} public ECertSubmitXmlPage clickOnXmlSubmit() {...} public ExportCertificatePreparationPage clickOnNewExportCertificate() {...} }
- 42. Case Study Class Report An online reporting tool for lawyers h"p://customfirst.com
- 43. Architecture - fitting it all together Regression/ Integration tests Page Objects Web Application
- 44. The application RUI Application Lots of AJAX !
- 45. What the tests look like @Mixin (SeleniumTest) class ReportViewerTests extends AbstractSeleniumBaseTest { ViewerPage viewerPage Setting up the public void setUp() { super.setUp() Page Object TestFixtures.loadData() viewerPage = new ViewerPage(selenium, contextPath) viewerPage.openHomePage() } public void testClickingGLReportsIconShouldDisplaySubFolders() { viewerPage.clickFolderOpenIcon("GL Reports") assertTrue viewerPage.folderPresent("Accounts") Testing the app assertTrue viewerPage.folderPresent("Test Reports") } public void testClickingOnASubFolderShouldDisplayReports() { viewerPage.clickFolderOpenIcon("GL Reports") assertTrue viewerPage.folderPresent("Test Reports") viewerPage.clickFolder "Test Reports" assertTrue viewerPage.reportRowPresent("Test Reports","Aged Debtors By Client") assertTrue viewerPage.reportRowPresent("Test Reports","Chart") } ...
- 46. What the Page Objects look like class ViewerPage extends AbstractPageObject{ public ViewerPage(def selenium, def contextPath) { Business-friendly super(selenium, contextPath) } methods public void clickFolder(String folderName) {...} public void clickFolderOpenIcon(String folderId) {...} public boolean folderPresent(String folderName){...} public boolean reportRowPresent(String folder,String rowName){...} public boolean reportParameterPresent(String reportName,String parameterName){...} public boolean reportRowTextPresent(String folder,String reportName,String text){...} ...
- 48. The application Looks a bit like this one... (but more complex) (and top secret) (Shhhhhh!) Again, lots of AJAX !
- 49. Page Components Reusable component class RadioButton { WebElement button WebElement buttonContainer; def buttonId def driver void clickButton() { initButton() button.click(); } void shouldBeEnabled() { assert !isDisabled(); } void shouldBeDisabled() { assert isDisabled(); } Horrible nasty GWT code private boolean isDisabled() { initButton() return buttonContainer.getAttribute("class").contains("x-item-disabled"); } private void initButton() { if (button==null) { buttonContainer=driver.findElement(By.id("gwt-debug-${buttonId}_BUTTON")); button=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@value, ${buttonId}-input)]")); } } }
- 50. Page Components @Test public void userShouldBecomeOwnerOfCurrentWorkItem() { page.workItemTree.selectEntryCalled("Stuff to do") ... page.assignButton.shouldBeEnabled() page.assignButton.click(); Click on a button page.assignButton.shouldBeHidden(); page.retryButton.shouldBeEnabled(); page.saveButton.shouldBeDisabled() page.saveButton.shouldBePresent(); Custom asserts } scenario "No work items should initially appear on the screen",{ when "the user opens the page", { page.open() } and "the Item Tree 'Show all' check box should not be ticked", { assert page.itemTree.showAll.isNotChecked() } and "the Item Tree should contain no work items", { assert page.itemTree.isEmpty() } } BDD-style tests
- 51. Page Components class Grid { A Grid (table) component def driver def gridId def getAt(int i) { It looks like an array def gridRows = getGridRows() return gridRows[i] } def size() { def gridRows = getGridRows() return gridRows.size() } def shouldHaveARowWith(def map) { def gridRows = getGridRows() def matchingRowFound = true for(entry in map) { def gridRow = gridRows.find { row -> row[entry.key] == entry.value } matchingRowFound = gridRow != null } return matchingRowFound }
- 52. Page Components @Test void theSummaryItemChangesToReflectTreeChoice() { page.itemTree.selectEntryCalled("Stuff to do") This is not an array assert page.itemSummaryGrid.size() == 1 def highlightedItemSummaryRow = page.itemSummaryGrid[0] assert highlightedItemSummaryRow.customerName == "ACME Inc" }
- 53. ATDD, BDD and Page Objects Clean, precise, well-designed Powerful, robust, low-maintenance John Ferguson Smart Email: [email protected] Web: h"p://www.wakaleo.com Twi"er: wakaleo