Beginners' guide to Ruby on Rails
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Ruby on Rails is an open-source web application framework used to build database-backed web applications according to the MVC pattern. It provides conventions for building applications, including generators to create the database schema and controller actions. The framework emphasizes convention over configuration and is based on the Ruby programming language.
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Beginners' guide to Ruby on Rails
- 1. Ruby on RailsServer-side web development VladStoianVictor Porof
- 2. What we’ll talk aboutWhat is Ruby on Rails?A brief historyMVC architecture in a nutshellDistinctive framework featuresWhy Ruby? Why Rails?Demo
- 3. What is RoR?Open SourceAbstraction providing generic server-side functionalityUsed for web application developmentIt’s a framework for the Ruby language..so don’t confuse it with plain Ruby!
- 4. A brief historyOriginates in David Heinemeier Hansson’s workFirst released in July 2004Apple ships RoR with Mac OS X Leopard since 2007Major new developments with v2.3 in 2009TemplatesGenerate skeleton applicationsCustom gems and configurationsLatest: v3.0.5, 27 February 2011
- 5. MVC architectureRoR is based on the Model-View-Controller designIt’s an architectural development patternWidely used in many other frameworks:Oracle Application Framework, Cocoon, JSF (Java)ASP.NET (C#)SproutCore, JavascriptMVC (Javascript)Django, Pylons (Python)CakePHP(PHP)PureMVC (many languages)
- 7. MVC on RailsModels are Ruby classes, used to store and validate dataHandles migrationsThey talk to databasesMySQLSQLitePostgreSQLNoSQLMongoDBCassandra“Chubby guy in the back room” crunching the numbers
- 8. Model snippetclass Person < ActiveRecord::Basevalidates_presence_of :namehas_many :wifesendPerson.create(:name => ”Muhammad Ali”).valid? # => truePerson.create(:name => nil).valid? # => false
- 9. Migration snippetclass AddReceiveNewsletterToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migrationdefself.upchange_table :users do |t|t.boolean :receive_newsletter, :default => false endUser.update_all ["receive_newsletter = ?", true] enddefself.downremove_column :users, :receive_newsletter endend
- 10. MVC on RailsWhat the user seesHTML, CSS, XML, Javascript (jQuery)JSON, RSS, AtomAutomatically generated “view-puppets”Visual representation of dataDoes not have direct access to the model!It shouldn’t do lots of processing or calculation
- 11. View snippet <!-- app/views/items/new.rhtml --> <%= form_tag :action => “create” %> Name: <%= text_field“item”, “name”%><br/>Email: <%= text_field“item”, ”email”%><br/> Password: <%= hidden_field “item”, “password”%><br/> <%= submit_tag %> <%= end_form_tag %>
- 12. MVC on RailsGateway between the model and the viewHandles user requestsDoes parsing and data submissionsTakes care of sessions, cookiesWorks out what data to show and what views to render”The best controller: it gives orders without knowing (or caring) how it gets done”
- 13. Controller snippetclassItemsController < ApplicationController def edit @item = Item.find(params[:id])ifrequest.post? @item.update_attributes(params[:item])redirect_to :action => 'edit', :id => @item.id end end end
- 14. MVC on RailsTo summarize:Keep your view code skinnyKeep your controller code skinnyThe fatness is in the model
- 15. Framework featuresCode generatorsAwesome built-in functions => rapid developmentTons of “gems” to choose fromCross-platform compatibilityAutomated operation (CRUD)Create, Retrieve, Automate and DeleteSimplified testing (Rake script)
- 16. Code generator snippet#model generator (general)ruby script/generate model model_name (v2.3)rails generate model model_name (v3)#model generator (example)rails generate model user name:stringhashed_password:string#controller generator (general)ruby script/generate controller controller_namemethod_name(s) (v2.3)rails generate controller controller_namemethod_name(s) (v3)#controller generator (example)rails generate controller store index
- 17. RoR serversMongrelWebbrickThinApache (mod_passanger)..so it’s very scalable!
- 18. Famous projects on RailsTwitter (microblogging)Crunchbase (companies database)BaseCamp (project management)Hulu (online tv)Yellowpages.com (phone database)Xing (business network)
- 19. Why Ruby?Interpreted language => greater flexibilityProvides JIT (just in time compilation)Garbage collectionAble to generate code on the flyCleaner syntax (no more “Verbose verbose is too verbose for verbose”)Many implementations:Jruby, IronRuby, Rubinius (Ruby & C++), MacRuby (ObjC)
- 20. Why Rails?Based on RubyEasy to implement CGI scriptsRapid web-application developmentDesigned to make programming work easierLess coding, more functionalityThousands of pluginsDon’t reinvent the wheel
- 22. Creating a blog with