behavioral model (DFD & state diagram)
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This document discusses data flow diagrams (DFDs). It provides background that DFDs were proposed by Larry Constantine in the 1970s and became a popular way to visualize the major steps and data involved in software system processes. A DFD uses graphical representations to show the flow of data through a system using various symbols like processes, data stores, external entities, and data flows. It depicts the end-to-end processing of data through a system by showing the input, process, and output.
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![Transition : A transition is a change from one state to other is indicated
by an arrow. The event and action causing the transition are written
beside the arrow, separated by a slash.
Event and Action: A trigger that causes a transition to occur and changes
the state is called as an event or action. An event occurs at a particular
time has no duration.
Signal : when an event causes a message/trigger to be sent to a state,
that causes the transitions; then, that message sent by the event is
called as a signal. This is represented as <<Signal>> icon above the
action/event.
Event [condition]/Action
<<signal>>
Event/ Action
Event /Action](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationofsesubject-150121033215-conversion-gate01/85/behavioral-model-DFD-state-diagram-12-320.jpg)
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Fundamentasl of DFD
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DFD includes-
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Rules:
1. Each process should have at least one input and one output.
2. Datastore should have at least one flow in and one flow out.
3. Data can not flow between two entities or two data stores. Data flow can occur from one data store to many processes.
4. Data stored in a system must go through a process.
5. All the processes in DFD must go to another process or data store .
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(There are many mistakes in this document (uploaded old document), correct them as in your project if referencing this document, can't change document and reupload. mistakes eg, flows in diagram, unwanted content description and many more. i just want to give some ideas that what all content should be there in your Black Book(correct content)).
Tip: try to understant code and do your best and present well even if project is incomplete or not working(just explain functionality and some code(orally i.e don't show code if not asked :) )).
Thank you.
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- 2. Data flow diagram were proposed by Larry Constantine. In 1970s DFD became a popular way to visualize the major steps and data involved in Software System Processes.
- 3. It is a graphical representation of data flow. It shows the processing steps as data flows through the system. It shows end to end processing of data. It takes input - process – output view of the system. It plays important roll while developing the project.
- 4. DATA FLOW: it shows movement of data flows origin to destination PROCESS: People , Procedures or devices that use data. Entity: source of data or Destination of data which may be people , program interact with the system but are outside its boundary. Data Store: Information that is kept and accessed. May be in paper file folder or a database . It may be exploded into various levels namely level 0 ,level 1 , level 3 etc.
- 6. 1.0 Update Empl. Payroll File 2.0 Pay Employ- ees 5.0 Update Gen. Ledger 4.0 Pay Taxes 3.0 Prepare Reports Employee/ Payroll File General Ledger Human Resources Depart- ments Employees Bank Govt. Agencies Manage- ment Employee change form New employee form Time cards Employee paychecks Payroll check Payroll disburse- ment data Payroll tax disb. voucher Tax report & payment Payroll report
- 7. A minimum of one data flow in and one data flow out of a process A data store must be connected to a process(either in, out, or both) An external entity must be connected to a process (either in, out, or both) A single data flow must only flow one way
- 8. Process has no data flowing into it, but has data flowing out. Data store is hooked to external entity. This means external entity can read and write to your data file without auditing!! The data flow goes in two directions at once. Two or more arrows should be used to show the flow to and from each process.
- 9. They shows the flow of data through the system. It shows process of i/o data. It is also called as Bubble chart. DFD supports a top – down approach for analysis
- 10. A state is a mode or condition of being. A state diagram is a dynamic model showing changes of state that an object goes through during its lifetime in response to events. State diagram depict the dynamic behavior of the system in response to external and internal events.
- 11. Initial state : It is a starting point or first activity of diagram. This is also known as “pseudo state” where the state has no variables and no activity. Final state : It is the end of the state diagram. This is also a pseudo state because it does not have any variables or action described. A state diagram can have zero or more final states. State : state is a recognizable situation and exists over an interval of time. This is denoted by a rounded rectangle and compartments within to describe state-name, variable and activity. or State-name Variable Activity
- 12. Transition : A transition is a change from one state to other is indicated by an arrow. The event and action causing the transition are written beside the arrow, separated by a slash. Event and Action: A trigger that causes a transition to occur and changes the state is called as an event or action. An event occurs at a particular time has no duration. Signal : when an event causes a message/trigger to be sent to a state, that causes the transitions; then, that message sent by the event is called as a signal. This is represented as <<Signal>> icon above the action/event. Event [condition]/Action <<signal>> Event/ Action Event /Action
- 13. Enter Admin Login Invalid ID or Password <<Main menu page>> Do: uploading , editing personal details , sending messages etc. <<Check>> Do: Admin Login Try again YesNo User want to Stop Valid ID and Password Selecting activities <<upload file>> Do: choose file <<Personal info>> Do: change password , change E-mail id , change details etc. <<send msg>> Do: sending message If select editing person al detail If select sending messages If select uploading User want to Cancel User want to Cancel User want to Cancel Waiting for upload file
- 14. State chart diagram is used to represent the event driven state change of a system. It basically describes the state change of a class, interface etc. State chart diagram is used to visualize the reaction of a system by internal/external factors. State diagram (also called state chart diagrams) are used to help the developer better understand any complex functionality of specialized areas of the system.