MySQL DBA

Aug 17, 2016Download as PPTX, PDF2 likes497 views

This document outlines best practices for MySQL database administration including database design and planning, installation and configuration, optimization, replication, backup, and monitoring. It discusses topics such as database structure, storage engines, configuration variables, indexing, replication components, backup methods, and using tools like MySQL Enterprise Backup, mysqldump, and monitoring queries. GTID replication is also covered, explaining how it solves problems and can be enabled to uniquely identify transactions across servers.

MySQL Database Administration Best
Practices
Lalit Choudhary

Agenda
▪ Database design and Planning
▪ MySQL Installation and
Configuration
▪ Optimization
▪ Replication
▪ Backup and Monitoring
▪ Q&A

Database design and planning
● Outlining the functional specifications.
− Considering Application Workflow
− Table Structure and Naming conventions
− Workbench ERD
● Scope and Flexibility of database design.
− Easy to extend
− Capability to Handle large volume of data
−
●
●

MySQL Installation and Configuration
● Ways to install MySQL
− Source code
− Binaries
− Packages
− MySQL Installer MSI and ZIP Archive
− Yum repository
● Configuration
− Storage engine
− Variables
− User management and Access control
●

Optimization
● Hardware
− Storage and file types : SSD/HDD and EXT4 or XFS
on Linux
− Memory : Optimal performance,Large
transaction,indexes,faster response time for ongoing
changes and utilize Disk IO
− CPU : Faster processors with many cores provide
better throughput

Optimization
● Software
− Configuration
● innodb_file_per_table
● innodb_buffer_pool_size
● innodb_buffer_pool_instances
● innodb_log_file_size
● innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
● innodb_thread_concurrency
● innodb_flush_method

Optimization
● Query Optimization
− indexes
● Replication
− Read write Load Balancing

Replication
● Replication Components
− MASTER : Binary log dump Thread(s)
− SLAVE : Replication Threads
− Binary Logs : SBR/RBR/Mixed
− Relay Logs
− Information files

Replication
● Important variables and configuration
− Master
● server_id
● log_bin
● binlog_format
● binlog_row_query_log_event
● binlog-do-db
● binlog-ignore-db

Replication
● slave
● server_id
● log_bin
● binlog_format
● log_slave_updates
● relay_log=file_name
● replicate-do-db=db_name
● replicate-ignore-db=db_name
● replicate_wild_do_table
● replicate_wild_ignore_table

Replication
● Best practices
− Enable binary logs on slave
● log_bin
● log-slave-update
● expire_log_days
− Crash-safe slaves
● master-info-repository=TABLE
● Relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
● Relay-log-recovery
− Secure slave
● read-only
● Skip-slave-start
− Avoid replication Lag
● slave_compressed_protocol
● MTR replication

Replication
● With and without GTID
● Need Master_Log_File and Master_Log_Pos
● GTID
− What problems GTID solves?
● It is possible to identify a transaction uniquely across the
replication servers. Make the automation of failover
process much easier. There is no need to do
calculations, inspect the binary log and so on. Just
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1.
●
− Enable GTID replication
● gtid_mode: It can be ON or OFF (not 1 or 0). It enables
the GTID on the server.
● log_bin: Enable binary logs. Mandatory to create a
replication environment.
● log-slave-updates: Slave servers must log the changes
that comes from the master in its own binary log.
● Enforce-gtid-consistency : Statements that can’t be
logged in a transactionally safe manner are denied by
the server.

Backup and Monitoring
● Binary Backup
− MySQL Enterprise Backup
● Logical Backup
− mysqldump
● Hot Backup
− Replication slave
● Customized scripts

Backup and Monitoring
● Monitoring and statistics
− SHOW PROCESSLIST
− System databases
− Enterprise Monitoring(MEM)
− MySQL Utilities
− Audit logs & General logs
−

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MySQL DBA

1. MySQL Database Administration Best Practices Lalit Choudhary

2. Agenda ▪ Database design and Planning ▪ MySQL Installation and Configuration ▪ Optimization ▪ Replication ▪ Backup and Monitoring ▪ Q&A

3. Database design and planning ● Outlining the functional specifications. − Considering Application Workflow − Table Structure and Naming conventions − Workbench ERD ● Scope and Flexibility of database design. − Easy to extend − Capability to Handle large volume of data − ● ●

4. MySQL Installation and Configuration ● Ways to install MySQL − Source code − Binaries − Packages − MySQL Installer MSI and ZIP Archive − Yum repository ● Configuration − Storage engine − Variables − User management and Access control ●

5. Optimization ● Hardware − Storage and file types : SSD/HDD and EXT4 or XFS on Linux − Memory : Optimal performance,Large transaction,indexes,faster response time for ongoing changes and utilize Disk IO − CPU : Faster processors with many cores provide better throughput

6. Optimization ● Software − Configuration ● innodb_file_per_table ● innodb_buffer_pool_size ● innodb_buffer_pool_instances ● innodb_log_file_size ● innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit ● innodb_thread_concurrency ● innodb_flush_method

7. Optimization ● Query Optimization − indexes ● Replication − Read write Load Balancing

8. Replication ● Replication Components − MASTER : Binary log dump Thread(s) − SLAVE : Replication Threads − Binary Logs : SBR/RBR/Mixed − Relay Logs − Information files

9. Replication ● Important variables and configuration − Master ● server_id ● log_bin ● binlog_format ● binlog_row_query_log_event ● binlog-do-db ● binlog-ignore-db

10. Replication ● slave ● server_id ● log_bin ● binlog_format ● log_slave_updates ● relay_log=file_name ● replicate-do-db=db_name ● replicate-ignore-db=db_name ● replicate_wild_do_table ● replicate_wild_ignore_table

11. Replication ● Best practices − Enable binary logs on slave ● log_bin ● log-slave-update ● expire_log_days − Crash-safe slaves ● master-info-repository=TABLE ● Relay-log-info-repository=TABLE ● Relay-log-recovery − Secure slave ● read-only ● Skip-slave-start − Avoid replication Lag ● slave_compressed_protocol ● MTR replication

12. Replication ● With and without GTID ● Need Master_Log_File and Master_Log_Pos ● GTID − What problems GTID solves? ● It is possible to identify a transaction uniquely across the replication servers. Make the automation of failover process much easier. There is no need to do calculations, inspect the binary log and so on. Just MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1. ● − Enable GTID replication ● gtid_mode: It can be ON or OFF (not 1 or 0). It enables the GTID on the server. ● log_bin: Enable binary logs. Mandatory to create a replication environment. ● log-slave-updates: Slave servers must log the changes that comes from the master in its own binary log. ● Enforce-gtid-consistency : Statements that can’t be logged in a transactionally safe manner are denied by the server.

13. Backup and Monitoring ● Binary Backup − MySQL Enterprise Backup ● Logical Backup − mysqldump ● Hot Backup − Replication slave ● Customized scripts

14. Backup and Monitoring ● Monitoring and statistics − SHOW PROCESSLIST − System databases − Enterprise Monitoring(MEM) − MySQL Utilities − Audit logs & General logs −

15. Thank you!

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Editor's Notes