BIO5 ANALOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY - REPORTING pptx
- 3. list the general functions of each membrane type—cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial— and give its location in the body. compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane types. list several important functions of the integumentary system, and explain how these functions are accomplished. recognize and name the following skin structures: epidermis, dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair and hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and sweat gland.
- 4. name the factors that determine skin color, and describe the function of melanin. describe the distribution and function of the epidermal appendages—sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails. differentiate among first-, second-, third- and fourth-degree burns. explain the importance of the “rule of nines.” summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
- 7. FUNCTION OF BODY MEMBRANES Cover body surfaces Line body cavities Form protective (and often lubricating) sheets around organs.
- 8. CLASSIFICATION OF BODY MEMBRANES The two major categories of body membranes are epithelial and connective tissue. (1)Epithelial Membranes • Cutaneous • Mucous • Serous membranes (2) Connective Tissue Membranes • Synovial membranes
- 9. Epithelial Membranes • The epithelial membranes, also called covering and lining membranes, include the cutaneous membrane (skin), the mucous membranes, and the serous membranes. • However, calling these membranes “epithelial” is misleading because it is not the whole story. Although they all do contain an epithelial layer, it is always combined with an underlying layer of connective tissue. • Hence these membranes are actually simple organs. Because we will discuss the skin in detail shortly, we will list it here solely as a subcategory of the epithelial membranes.
- 10. Subcategories of the Epithelial Membranes • The cutaneous (ku-ta’ne-us) membrane is composed of two layers, the superficial epidermis and the underlying dermis. • The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, whereas the dermis is mostly dense irregular (fibrous) connective tissue. • Unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to air and is a dry membrane
- 11. Subcategories of the Epithelial Membranes • The cutaneous (ku-ta’ne-us) membrane is composed of two layers, the superficial epidermis and the underlying dermis. • The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, whereas the dermis is mostly dense irregular (fibrous) connective tissue. • Unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to air and is a dry membrane
- 12. Subcategories of the Epithelial Membranes • A mucous (myu'kus) membrane (mucosa) is composed of epithelium (the type varies with the site) resting on a loose (areolar) connective tissue membrane called a lamina propria. • The epithelium of mucosae is often adapted for absorption or secretion. Although many mucosae secrete mucus, not all do. The mucosae of the respiratory and digestive tracts secrete large amounts of protective, lubricating mucus; that of the urinary tract does not.
- 13. Subcategories of the Epithelial Membranes • A serous membrane, or serosa, is composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. • In contrast mucous membranes, which line open body cavities, serous membranes line compartments in the ventral body cavity that are closed to the exterior. • Serous membranes occur in pairs. The parietal (parie= wall) layer lines a specific portion of the wall of the ventral body cavity. • It folds in on itself to form the visceral layer, which covers the outside of the organ(s) in that cavity.
- 14. Subcategories of the Epithelial Membranes • You can visualize the relationship between the layers by pushing your fist into a limp balloon only partially filled with air. The part of the balloon that clings to your fist can be compared to the visceral serosa clinging to the organ’s external surface. The outer wall of the ball represents the parietal serosa that lines the walls of the cavity and that, unlike the balloon, is never exposed but is always fused to the cavity wall.
- 15. Subcategories of the Epithelial Membranes • In the body, the serous layers are separated not by air but by a scanty amount of thin, clear fluid, called serous fluid, which is secreted by both membranes. • The specific names of the serous membranes depend on their locations. The serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs is the peritoneum. • In the thorax, serous membranes isolate the lungs and heart from one another. The membranes surrounding the lungs are the pleurae those around the heart are the pericardia.
- 16. • Synovial membranes are composed of loose areolar connective tissue and contain no epithelial cells at all. These membranes line the fibrous capsules surrounding joints where they provide a smooth surface and secrete a lubricating fluid. • They also line small sacs of connective tissue called bursae and the tubelike tendon sheaths. Both of these structures cushion organs moving against each other during muscle activity— such as the movement of a tendon across a bone’s surface. Subcategories of the Connective Tissue Membranes
- 17. • Synovial membranes are composed of loose areolar connective tissue and contain no epithelial cells at all. These membranes line the fibrous capsules surrounding joints where they provide a smooth surface and secrete a lubricating fluid. • They also line small sacs of connective tissue called bursae and the tubelike tendon sheaths. Both of these structures cushion organs moving against each other during muscle activity— such as the movement of a tendon across a bone’s surface. Subcategories of the Connective Tissue Membranes
- 19. MPORTANCE OF THE SKIN Skin (cutaneous membrane) Skin is absolutely essential because it maintains your body’s boundary. It keeps water and other precious molecules in the body and keeps excess water and other things out. Without our skin, we would quickly fall prey to bacteria and perish from water and heat loss. Skin derivatives- Sweat glands Oil glands Hairs Nails
- 22. Structure of the Skin
- 23. Structure of the Skin Epidermis – outer layer Stratified squamous epithelium Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)
- 24. The main structural features of the epidermis
- 25. Melanin Pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes Color is yellow to brown to black Melanocytes are mostly in the stratum basale Amount of melanin produced depends upon genetic and exposure to sunlight
- 27. Structure of the Skin Dermis - inner layer Two layers Papillary layer Projections called dermal papillae Pain receptors Capillary loops Reticular layer Blood vessels Glands Nerve receptors
- 28. Structure of the Skin Dermis - inner layer Two layers Papillary layer Projections called dermal papillae Pain receptors Capillary loops Reticular layer Blood vessels Glands Nerve receptors
- 29. Structure of the Skin Hypodermis- deep to dermis is Not part of the skin Anchors skin to underlying organs Composed mostlyof adipose tissue
- 30. Skin Color Determinants Melanin Yellow, brown or black pigments Carotene Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables Hemoglobin Red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring Cyanosis - Low oxygen content creates a bluish appearance
- 31. ● Redness, or erythema - Reddened skin may indicate embarrassment (blushing), fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy. • Pallor or blanching- Under certain types of emotional stress (fear, anger, and others), some people become pale. • Jaundice or a yellow cast- An abnormal yellow skin tone usually signifies a liver disorder in which excess bile pigments accumulate in the blood, circulate throughout the body, and become deposited in body tissues. • Bruises- The black-and-blue marks of bruising reveal sites where blood has escaped from the circulation and has clotted in the tissue spaces.
- 32. SKIN APPENDAGES
- 33. Composition Mostly water Some metabolic waste Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only) Function Helps dissipate excess heat Excretes waste products Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth Odor is from associated bacteria Sweat and Its Function
- 34. Sebaceous glands Produce oil Lubricant for skin Kills bacteria Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles Glands are activated at puberty
- 35. Sweat glands Produced sweat Widely distributed in skin Two types Eccrine- Apocrine-
- 36. Eccrine sweat gland Open via duct to pore on skin surface
- 37. Apocrine sweat gland Ducts empty into hair follicles
- 38. Hair Produced by hair bulb Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color
- 40. Hair follicle Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root Arrector pilli Smooth muscle Sebaceous gland Sweat gland
- 41. Hair follicle Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root Arrector pilli Smooth muscle Sebaceous gland Sweat gland
- 42. Nails Scale-like modifications of the epidermis Heavily keratinized Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed Responsible for growth Lack of pigment makes them colorless
- 43. Free edge Body Root of nail Eponychium – proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body
- 44. Free edge Body Root of nail Eponychium – proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body
- 45. Free edge Body Root of nail Eponychium – proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body
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- 48. Table of contents About the disease You can describe the topic of the section here Diagnosis You can describe the topic of the section here Recommenda tions You can describe the topic of the section here 01 02 03 Pathology You can describe the topic of the section here 04 Treatment You can describe the topic of the section here 05 Conclusions You can describe the topic of the section here 06
- 49. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik Introductio n You can give a brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar System
- 50. About the disease Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of them all Venus Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
- 51. About the disease Types of vitiligo Non-segmental vitiligo Segmental vitiligo Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that harbors life in the Solar System. All humans live on this planet Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust, which gives the planet its reddish cast
- 52. Concepts and typology Type A Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It's also the fourth-largest planet by diameter in the Solar System Type B Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System Type C Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust, which gives the planet its reddish cast
- 53. Pathology Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Jupiter It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings
- 54. Symptoms of the disease White patches Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere
- 56. A picture always reinforces the concept Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of a long text. Your audience will appreciate it
- 57. Risk factors Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Risk factor 1 Mercury Risk factor 3 Jupiter Risk factor 2 Saturn
- 58. 2% 2% of the world's population suffer from Vitiligo
- 59. 50,000 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Key numbers 20,000 Despite being red, Mars is a cold place
- 60. “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and that can inspire their readers anywhere.” —Someone Famous
- 61. Computer mockup You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image”
- 62. Diagnosis Mercury It’s the closest planet to the Sun Venus Venus has a beautiful name Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn Saturn is the ringed planet Mars Mars is actually a very cold place Neptune Neptune is far away from Earth
- 63. Recommendations What to do ● You can describe what the patient should do here ● You can describe what the patient should do here ● You can describe what the patient should do What not to do ● You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do here ● You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do here ● You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do
- 64. Prevention Habits Mars Venus Mars Habit 01 Yes No Yes Habit 02 No Yes No Habit 03 Yes No Yes
- 65. Treatment Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but also high temperatures Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Saturn Saturn is the second-largest planet in the Solar System 01 03 02 04
- 66. Prevalence Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but also high temperatures Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place
- 67. Conclusion 01 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon Conclusion 02 Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere
- 68. Our team Jenna Doe You can speak a bit about this person here Timmy Jimmy You can speak a bit about this person here Susan Bones You can speak a bit about this person here
- 69. References ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
- 70. Thanks! Do you have any questions? [email protected] +91 620 421 838 yourwebsite.com Please keep this slide for attribution
- 71. Alternative resources Here’s an assortment of alternative resources whose style fits the one of this template: ● Unique beautiful women portrait I ● Unique beautiful women portrait II ● Young woman with vitiligo posing ● Young woman with vitiligo with copy space ● Beautiful young woman with vitiligo ● Young woman with vitiligo hands
- 72. Resources Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites: Photos ● Mother holding her child feet ● Woman showing her vitiligo skin parts I ● Mother and child having fun ● Young woman showing her vitiligo skin parts I ● Woman showing her vitiligo skin parts II ● Woman showing her vitiligo skin parts III ● Young woman showing her vitiligo skin parts II ● Portrait of confident woman with vitiligo ● Beautiful woman with vitiligo posing ● Portrait of mother and child having tender moments I ● Beautiful young woman with vitiligo ● Smiley woman working with laptop and papers in the office ● Selfie portrait for videocall ● Man having a video call with his family ● Portrait of mother and child having tender moments II Vectors ● Flat design geometric horizontal banner ● Gradient grainy texture
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