Biodiversity PPT by Gaithanlung Gonmei.pptx
- 1. Biodiversity
- 2. Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on earth at all levels- from genetic diversity within species, to species diversity within ecosystems, to the diversity of ecosystems themselves. It encompasses the full range of biological variation across our planet. Dimensions of Biodiversity Biodiversity is commonly categorized into three main dimensions: Genetic Diversity: Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species. It is essential for adaptation and evolution, allowing populations to respond to environmental changes. For example, the genetic diversity in crops can determine their resistance to diseases and pests. In agriculture, maintaining a diverse gene pool is crucial for ensuring food security.
- 3. Species Diversity: Species diversity is the variety of species in a particular ecosystem or on Earth as a whole. It includes the number of different species present and their relative abundance. Coral reefs, for instance, showcase high species diversity, providing various ecological niches that support a multitude of marine life. Ecosystem Diversity: Ecosystem diversity relates to the variety of ecosystems within a region or the entire planet. Different ecosystems, such as forests, wetlands, and deserts, contribute to the overall biodiversity. The Amazon rainforest, known as the “lungs of the Earth,” is an example of a highly diverse ecosystem that plays a vital role in global climate regulation.
- 4. Importance of Genetic Biodiversity Adaptation: Genetic diversity ensures that a species is equipped to adapt to environmental changes, such as climate shifts or the introduction of new predators. Disease Resistance: A genetically diverse population is more likely to have individuals with resistance to various diseases, preventing widespread outbreaks. Ecosystem Stability: Genetic diversity contributes to the overall health and stability of ecosystems. Example Consider the cheetah, a species with low genetic diversity. Due to a bottleneck in its evolutionary history, cheetahs exhibit susceptibility to various diseases, hindering their ability to thrive in changing environments.
- 5. Importance of Species Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning: Each species plays a unique role in the ecosystem, contributing to processes like nutrient cycling, pollination, and pest control. Resilience: Diverse ecosystems are more resilient to disturbances, such as natural disasters or human activities. Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Biodiversity has cultural significance and provides aesthetic enjoyment for humans. Example The Amazon Rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot, home to an estimated 390 billion individual trees representing about 16,000 different species. This rich species diversity contributes to the rainforest’s ecological resilience and the global climate.
- 6. Importance of Ecosystem Biodiversity Stability: Ecosystems with high biodiversity tend to be more stable, resilient, and resistant to environmental changes. Economic Value: Many human activities, such as agriculture and medicine, rely on diverse ecosystems for resources. Climate Regulation: Forests, wetlands, and oceans play a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate through processes like carbon sequestration. Example The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is a remarkable example of ecosystem biodiversity. It is home to a vast array of marine life, including over 1,500 species of fish and 400 types of coral. The intricate relationships within this ecosystem contribute to its overall health and productivity.
- 7. Importance of Biodiversity Biodiversity is crucial for various ecological, economic, and social reasons: Ecological Services: Biodiversity provides essential ecological services, including pollination, water purification, and climate regulation. For instance, bees, by pollinating plants, contribute to the reproduction of many crops, ensuring food production. Economic Value: Many industries rely on biodiversity for resources. Pharmaceuticals, for example, often derive medicinal compounds from diverse plant and animal species. The loss of biodiversity can have significant economic consequences, affecting sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. Cultural Significance: Biodiversity is intertwined with cultural identity. Many indigenous communities rely on diverse ecosystems for their livelihoods and traditional practices. Preserving biodiversity is essential for maintaining cultural diversity and indigenous knowledge.
- 8. Threats to Biodiversity Despite its significance, biodiversity faces numerous threats: Habitat Destruction: Human activities, such as deforestation and urbanization, lead to the destruction of natural habitats. This results in the loss of biodiversity as species lose their homes and struggle to survive in fragmented landscapes. Pollution: Pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution, adversely affects biodiversity. Chemical pollutants can contaminate ecosystems, harming both flora and fauna. For instance, oil spills in oceans have devastating effects on marine life. Climate Change: Climate change is altering ecosystems and affecting the distribution of species. Many plants and animals are struggling to adapt or migrate in response to changing temperatures and weather patterns.