Bipolar Disorder
- 1. Bipolar Disorder By: Sabira Gannie
- 2. What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by extreme mood swings from mania to depression. Mania is an abnormally elevated mood, while depression is an abnormally low mood.
- 3. Psychoanalytic Approach The psychoanalytic approach to bipolar disorder says that the cause of both manic/depressive episodes arise from a low self-concept. Depressive episodes represent this, while manic episodes represent a defense against the low self-concept.
- 4. Trait Approach Mania: Excessive happiness, irritability, less need for sleep, racing thoughts, increased energy, etc. Depression: Sadness, loss of energy, increased need for sleep, change in appetite, thoughts of death/suicide, etc.
- 5. Biological Approach The biological approach to bipolar disorder suggests that high or low levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, or norepinephrine is the cause.
- 6. Humanistic Approach The humanistic approach suggests that bipolar disorder occurs when circumstances stop or hinder a person and force them to loose there drive toward self-actualization, and the ultimate fulfillment of one’s dreams, desires, and potential.
- 7. Behavioral and Social Learning Approach The behavioral/social learning approach to bipolar disorder suggests that these behaviors are learned and therefore can be unlearned.
- 8. Cognitive Approach Individuals in a manic phase often have grandiose thoughts, such as one being capable of doing anything. Those in a depressive phase often have self-deprecating thoughts, such as “I am terrible at this, or why can’t I do anything right?”
- 9. References: A Brief history of bipolar disorder . (1995). Retrieved from http://www.caregiver.com/channels/bipolar/articles/brief_history.htm Bipolar disorder . (2008). Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar- disorder/complete-index.shtml Bowden, C.. (2010). Cognitive Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Clinicians. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167 (2), 223. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Platinum Periodicals. (Document ID: 1954976121). Cavanagh, J., Schwannauer, M., Power, M., & Goodwin, G. (2009). A novel scale for measuring mixed states in bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy , 16 (6), 497-509. doi:10.1002/cpp.633. Duffy, A. (2009). The Early Course of Bipolar Disorder in Youth at Familial Risk. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 18 (3), 200-205. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Friedman, S.. (2009). Postpartum Mood Disorders: Genetic Progress and Treatment Paradigms. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166 (11), 1201-4. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Platinum Periodicals. (Document ID: 1895160381).
- 10. References: Karen A Landwehr. (2005). Psychological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28 (4), 415-416. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 828688031). Morris, C., Miklowitz, D., & Waxmonsky, J. (2007). Family-focused treatment for bipolar disorder in adults and youth. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 63 (5), 433-445. doi:10.1002/jclp.20359. (2010). Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders. Current Medical Literature: Psychiatry , 21 (1), 31-43. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Tseng, K., & Young, J.. (2010). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Severe Mental Illness: An Illustrated Guide. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167 (1), 108. Retrieved May 21, 2010, from Platinum Periodicals. (Document ID: 1935566231). van Baalen, D. (2010). Gestalt Therapy and Bipolar Disorder. Gestalt Review , 14 (1), 71-88. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Young, B. (2010). The Role of Psychotherapy in the Bipolar Disorders. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association , 13 (1), 42-49. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.