Brasilia town planning
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Brasília is the planned capital city of Brazil, located in the central highlands. It was designed in the 1950s by urban planner Lúcio Costa and architect Oscar Niemeyer to decentralize Brazil's population and develop its interior. The city is laid out in a pilot plan resembling an airplane, with distinct sectors for administration, commerce, housing and recreation connected by broad avenues. While Brasília succeeded architecturally and symbolically, its utopian social ideals did not fully translate to reality due to high costs and cultural issues. Today it remains an iconic example of modernist urban planning.
Brasilia town planning
- 3. INTRODUCTION Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil. Brasilia, the planned city of Brazil. It has a population of 2,562,963),making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. It is the third capital of Brazil -Salvador(1549-1763). -Rio de Janeiro(1763-1960) Brasília is the largest city in the world that did not exist at the beginning of the 20th century. The city was planned & developed in 1956. with LUCIO COSTA-- principal urban planner and OSCAR NIEMEYER --principal architect. In 1960 it formally became Brazil’s capital. City’s shape resembles an airplane or a bird. It is listed as world heritage site by UNESCO
- 5. LOCATION Brasilia(CITY)- Goias(STATE)Brazil(COUNTRY) Federal District central part of Brazil-divided into 29 regions Preto River = East Descoberto River = West http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm N
- 6. SIZE:2245 sq. mile (5814 sq.m ) PROJECT:•1956 LUCIO COSTA brazilian urban planner wins competition •Major government buildings designed by architect OSCAR NIEMEYER. •Landscape and layout planned by designer ROBERTO BURLE. DATES:•1956—1961, Inaugurated on 21st April 1960. •1987 UNESCO declares Brasilia part of the World heritage. POPULATION:•Planned for only 50,000 inhabitants,due to massive population growth ; Currently there are 2,557,000 inhabitants.
- 7. PURPOSE OF BRASILIA FOR NEW DEVLOPMENT. TO RELIEVE THE PRESSURE OF OVERPOPULATION FROM THE OLD CAPITAL RIO DE JANEIRO. TO CREATE A RENEWED SENSE OF NATIONAL PRIDE. A COMPLETELY MODERN 21ST CENTURY CITY. CLIMATE Dry and Humid Season The average temperature is 20.5 °c Highest average maximum temperature, 28 °c (82 °f). http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia
- 8. HISTORY From 1763 to 1960, Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil. At this time, resources tended to be centered in Brazil's south east region near Rio de Janeiro. But geographically Brasilia is in central location. Dating back to 1891 stated that the capital should be moved from Rio de Janeiro to a place close to the centre of the country. plan was originally conceived in 1827 by José Bonifácio, an advisor to Emperor Pedro I. He presented a plan to the General Assembly of Brazil for a new city called Brasília with the idea of moving the capital westward from the heavily populated south eastern corridor. The bill was not enacted because Pedro I dissolved the Assembly.
- 9. HISTORY Juscelino Kubitschek , President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Brule Marx was the landscape designer. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
- 10. CULTURE •Diverse Culture: Portuguese , Africans, Italian, German, Other European, Japanese, Amerindian. •Architecture : Cubist ideas , abstract forms, baroque, colonial, modern, combination of skills rather than one. •Portuguese legacy: language , religion and law. http://www.brasiliabsb.com/bsb_aug2.htm COMPEITION NOVACAP- (Nova Capital–New Capital Urbanization Agency) -Headed by architect Oscar Niemeyer. -Company to urbanize the new capital. -Series of competitions between architects and urban planners. http://www.distritofederal.df.gov.br; http://www.brasiliabsb.com/
- 11. 1stPlace-LucioCosta 2ndPlace-BoruchMilman, JoãoHenriqueRocha and NeyFontes Gonçalves 3rdplace-RinoLevi, RobertoCerqueiraCesar and L. R.CarvalhoFranco http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/bsb_h1i.htm 4th place -M.M. M. Roberto Arquitects
- 12. PLANO PILATO- BEST BY LUCIO COSTA 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link
- 13. LUCIO COSTA a modernist architect and student of famous modernist Le Corbusier responsible for the layout utopian city AIMS of Plano PilotoIdeal city, ideal society Symbol of Brazilian greatness Lead to the development of the central region of Brazil Become the new centre of Brazil http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia
- 14. PLANNING CONCEPT When seen from above, the city’s pilot plan (―Plano Piloto‖) resembles the shape of an airplane Others see it as a bird with open wings.
- 15. (Costa hated all comparisons). His original urban concept pointed to the shape of a cross, to symbolize possession
- 16. CONCEPT 1-Intended to provide Brasilia with the diginity of a capital city. BRASILIA has two axis crossing at right angle; monumental axis(the fuselage of the plane) intersecting in the centre of the city with a residential axis( the wings of an airplane). 2-to adapt this design to the local topography, the natural drainage of the area, One of the axis war curved in order to make it fit into equilateral triangle. http://www.slideshare.net/ivanleung/presentation-brasilia
- 17. COSTA’S NOTES:23 NOTES, presents the solution of Plano Pilato Notes 1-3 –Form: Two axes crossing (one is curved)--a plane OR bird in flight. –Adapted: local topography, natural drainage, best possible orientation. –Free principles highway engineering: elimination of intersections, the curved axis. SECTOR FUNCTIONS Notes 3-5 – Residential districts have been placed along the Curved axis – civic and administrative centre, recreation centre, the municipal administration facilities, the barracks, the storage and supply zones, small local industries sites and the Railway station along the monumental axis http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia
- 18. Banking and commercial districts fell alongside the intersection of monumental and high way-residential. location of the entertainment centre is along the intersection of the monument and the back axis. Primary Roads Curved Axis Monumental Axis Back Axis http://www.scribd.com/doc/47961918/Arch162-RevisedBrasilia
- 20. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT METRO HIGH SPEED RAILS BUSES
- 21. SECTOR FUNCTIONS-ZONING •Residential •Administrative •Commercial •Entertainment 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele Atlas
- 22. 2010 Google Map Data; 2010 Map Link, 2010 Tele Atlas
- 25. CIVIC CENTERS
- 26. CIVIC
- 27. ADMINISTRATIVE
- 28. ADMINISTRATIVE
- 29. COMMERCIAL
- 30. BUILDING HIERARCHY Plaza of Three Powers House fundamental powers (equilateral triangle):Government & Supreme court-base of the triangle Congress-at the Apex Church-at the centre given own square. Monumental Axis:-Government and Municipal Plaza evident. http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
- 31. LANDSCAPING Superblocks: surrounded by bands of greenery planted with trees Strips of the Districts :Also planted with greenery Park City: Filled with open areas, such as parks, squares, for flower and vegetable gardens, orchards, Botanic garden Cemetaries : end of residential highway axis. VEHICULAR CIRCULATION Notes 6-7 Secondary Roads: controls heavy vehicular traffic Traffic: controlled by roads that would either go on a platform, underground, or under the platform. Clover shaped Turn-offs: circulate in the different districts without creating an intersection. PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION Independent Paths: local pathway systems were created for each district (residential, commercial,administrative districts) Separated from vehicular circulation. http://www.infobrasilia.com.br/pilot_plan.htm
- 32. COSTA’S CONCLUSION •Airplane, Monumental Axis •Four Scales of Design: –Monumental scale(symbolic) –Residential scale(comfortable) –Gregarious scale (social) –Bucolic scale(park city, rustic) •Dignity of a capital city: –Esplanade, where the ministries and public buildings are located –the bus station, where the two axis cross –the Cathedral –the Plaza of Three Powers •SUPERBLOCKS- uniform height of six stories, no high rises, and vast motorways •Ample parking, low population density, open green space for people to enjoy.
- 35. TODAY BRASILIA We can certainly say that Brasilia changed the ways for brazilian architecture. Niemeyer showed in a couple lines the harmony and beauty that those buildings would have. And it is interesting that during all these years, the buildings remain great and admired all over the world. The modern use of concrete and glass and the sensual shapes of buildings inspired in women curves are marks of Brasilia's architecture.
- 36. INTRODUCTION Brasília today Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil. Brasilia, the planned city of Brazil. It has a population of 2,562,963),making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. It is the third capital of Brazil -Salvador(1549-1763). -Rio de Janeiro(1763-1960) Brasília in late 60
- 37. BRAZILIAS REALITY –Debt : produced a debt of over 2 billion dollars. –Culturally Inappropriate: good ideas in theory, but in reality they could never work; based on European theories. –Unsocial : Ideal community was not established, no multi-use places (only home and work), no character. –City for a car not for a pedestrian SUCCESSES: -Symbolic: unified Brazil, source of hope and pride –Easy to build: sectors –Establish New Brazil: Location connected the rest of the country together (central location and superb highway network) . http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/jmoersch/pp.html>