Building High Performance Scalable TCP/IP Servers with Apache MINA
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This document provides an overview of Apache MINA, an asynchronous I/O framework for building scalable TCP/IP servers. It discusses MINA's architecture including key components like IoHandlers, IoFilters, and IoProcessors. It demonstrates converting a blocking I/O code sample to use MINA. Performance is improved with MINA as it allows scaling to utilize multiple CPU cores. Various MINA-based projects are also highlighted.
Building High Performance Scalable TCP/IP Servers with Apache MINA
- 1. Building High Performance Scalable TCP/IP Servers with Apache MINA Originally presented at ApacheCon Europe 2006 in Dublin Latest slides and code samples at http://people.apache.org/~proyal Presented by Peter Royal, <[email protected]> 1
- 2. Goals of this presentation •Introduction to MINA •Demonstration of what it can do •Converting blocking-IO code to MINA •Hopefully inspire you to use it :) 2
- 3. What is MINA •Multipurpose Infrastructure for Networked Applications •A framework (the F word!) for building networked clients and servers based on non-blocking IO •http://directory.apache.org/subprojects/mina/ 3
- 4. Brief history of MINA •Started out as Netty2 from Trustin Lee •Joined the Directory Project as the SEDA-based directory needed an asynchronous I/O layer. 4
- 5. IoHandler IoFilter Inbound IoFilter Outbound IoFilter IoProcessor IoAcceptor Network Architectural overview 5
- 6. IoSession •Holder of state for a connection (either client-side or server-side) •Passed along with every event •Important Methods •write •close •get/setAttribute 6
- 7. IoHandler •Akin to a Servlet IoHandler •Endpoint of a filter chain IoFilter •Important Methods IoFilter •sessionOpened IoFilter •messageReceived IoProcessor •sessionClosed IoAcceptor 7
- 8. IoFilterChain •Chain of IoFilter's for each IoSession •Can setup template chains per IoConnector/IoAcceptor •Dynamic addition/removal 8
- 9. IoFilters •Akin to a ServletFilter IoHandler •View/Hack/Slash the event stream IoFilter •Important Methods IoFilter •sessionOpened IoFilter •messageReceived IoProcessor •filterWrite IoAcceptor •sessionClosed 9
- 10. IoAcceptor •Server-side entry point. IoHandler •Accepts incoming connections and fires IoFilter events to an IoHandler •Important Methods IoFilter •bind IoFilter IoProcessor IoAcceptor 10
- 11. IoConnector •Client-side entry point •Initiate connections to a remote service, and fires events to an IoHandler •Important Methods •connect 11
- 12. IoProcessor •Internal component IoHandler •Handles reading and writing data to an IoFilter underlying connection •Each connection is associated with a IoFilter single IoProcessor (shared amongst IoFilter multiple connections) IoProcessor IoAcceptor 12
- 13. Our Sample Application •Persistent connections from clients •Serialize java objects across the wire •Clients connect and are given a unit of work, which in this case, is just an instruction for how long to wait until getting their next instruction. 13
- 14. Monitoring Performance •Thread activity via jconsole •CPU Activity via Activity Monitor •(or your favorite tool) 14
- 15. Limitations 15
- 16. Scalability •JVM limit on number of threads •The lovely java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread 16
- 17. Lets convert to MINA! •Server side first •(Client to come soon) 17
- 18. Re-testing 18
- 19. New Limitations? •Java Serialization takes up CPU time •(a profiler would reveal this) •OS limit of per-process open files •(consult the documentation for your OS) •sysctl / ulimit to view/change on unix-like systems 19
- 20. MINA on the client •Since we will be using MINA's built-in support for building protocols, the ProtocolCodecFilter •Any socket client can talk to MINA •We’re using MINA on both sides for simplicity in our examples. 20
- 21. Client is just like the server •IoHandler and IoFilter's •Can re-use filters on both client and server sides. 21
- 22. Implementing the protocol. 22
- 23. It still works! 23
- 24. Filters that ship today •Logging •Compression •Blacklist •SSL •Requires Java 5 24
- 25. Filters we are working on •Traffic Shaping •Rate Limiting •Performance Monitoring 25
- 26. Some things built on MINA •LDAP - Apache DS <http://directory.apache.org/ subprojects/apacheds/index.html> •Flash - red5 <http://www.osflash.org/red5> •HTTP - AsyncWeb <http://asyncweb.safehaus.org/> 26
- 27. Performance Tips •Set the number of IoProcessor’s to be equal to the number of CPU cores. •Benchmark! Users have found both heap and direct buffers, pooled and not pooled, to be beneficial depending on their workloads. •For ultra-low latency with small message sizes on a local lan, disable Nagle’s algorithm; the TCP_NODELAY flag. 27
- 28. Questions? 28
- 29. Thank You! 29