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Kafka Summit
Implementing Retry Architectures
with Topic Compaction
Matthew Zhou
Senior Data Engineer @ Peloton
Building Maintainable
Data Retry
Architectures
Data processing failures are inevitable --
pipelines should anticipate those failures and
thoughtfully resolve them.
A reprocessing pipeline should seek to catalog common failure
patterns, prevent dropped data, alert the right people at the
right time, and trigger the correct resolution paths.
Each of these points encapsulates a deeper constellation of
data engineering concepts and details -- this talk aims to focus
on idempotent retries and operational lifecycles for data in a
Kafka system.
Why think about privacy
in software architecture?
• Legislation like the GDPR, the CCPA, and other
consumer digital protection bills might
mandate data minimalism and privacy audits
by law.
• Consumers are improving their data literacy
and may want to exercise stronger control and
Within a compacted topic, every payload requires a primary key.
Background threads managed by the Kafka broker compact messages sharing primary
keys to the most recent message. This process is eventually consistent based on a
configurable "dirty ratio". Records with a null payload are considered "tombstone"
records and signal the cleaner threads to remove all messages with that primary key.
Topic
Compaction
in Kafka
Offers finer-grained per-record
retention rather than time-
based retention within a Kafka
topic.
Some
benefits of
topic
compaction
Accommodates streaming per-record
retry needs.
01
Removes the need to track offsets when
reprocessing DLQs.
02
Eliminates duplicate data and
redundant work.
03
Minimizes the footprint of potentially
sensitive data.
04
Allows custom logic-based record
retention rather than time-based
retention.
05
Building a compacted DLQ system
STEP 1
This option is available using either
the Kafka built-in CLIs or the language
SDK being used to interact with the
brokers.
Initialize Kafka Topic with compaction
STEP 2
This consists of:
• Segment block byte size
• Retention time
• Dirty read ratio
Set topic compaction configs
STEP 3
After catching a raised exception
within application logic, define the
attribute set of metadata to inject
into the body payload. Configure a
primary key that will be used as the
compaction key in the DLQ.
Build the data payload and allocate
the primary key
STEP 4
If the Kafka broker cluster is down,
consider a failover pathway that might
hold messages in buffer until the
cluster is restored.
After receiving a successful response
from the broker, emit a tombstone
message to close out the
reprocessing work.
Emit your message and confirm
successful ack
STEP 5
A few useful metrics to persistently
monitor would be:
• queue size
• error volume profiles
• throughput spikiness
• time-alive in the queue
• time-to-resolution for
successfully reprocessed records.
Build monitors around DLQ metadata
Kafka Retry Architectures in Practice
Operational SLAs, Metrics, and Observability!
HOW TO EFFECTIVELY
MONITOR
• Build a consistent process
for registering alarm
thresholds for caught errors.
Post-mortems should
identify relevant metrics for
monitoring gaps.
• Two modes of manual
intervention:
⚬ Error throughput
thresholds
⚬ Error queue size
threshold
HOW TO RESOLVE
ISSUES
• Define your operational
SLAs on data pipelines
and clarify on-call pager
duty rotations.
• Are retries a manual or
automated process?
• What kind of metadata
filters are useful for
narrowing the search
space during
reprocessing?
• Is reprocessing logic
idempotent?
HOW TO GUARANTEE
COVERAGE
• The importance of setting
up health checks for your
infrastructure - who
monitors the monitor?
• Building out an error
catalog that allows fine-
grain error handling in
code.
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Building Retry Architectures in Kafka with Compacted Topics | Matthew Zhou, VilliageMD

  • 1. Kafka Summit Implementing Retry Architectures with Topic Compaction Matthew Zhou Senior Data Engineer @ Peloton
  • 2. Building Maintainable Data Retry Architectures Data processing failures are inevitable -- pipelines should anticipate those failures and thoughtfully resolve them. A reprocessing pipeline should seek to catalog common failure patterns, prevent dropped data, alert the right people at the right time, and trigger the correct resolution paths. Each of these points encapsulates a deeper constellation of data engineering concepts and details -- this talk aims to focus on idempotent retries and operational lifecycles for data in a Kafka system.
  • 3. Why think about privacy in software architecture? • Legislation like the GDPR, the CCPA, and other consumer digital protection bills might mandate data minimalism and privacy audits by law. • Consumers are improving their data literacy and may want to exercise stronger control and
  • 4. Within a compacted topic, every payload requires a primary key. Background threads managed by the Kafka broker compact messages sharing primary keys to the most recent message. This process is eventually consistent based on a configurable "dirty ratio". Records with a null payload are considered "tombstone" records and signal the cleaner threads to remove all messages with that primary key. Topic Compaction in Kafka Offers finer-grained per-record retention rather than time- based retention within a Kafka topic.
  • 5. Some benefits of topic compaction Accommodates streaming per-record retry needs. 01 Removes the need to track offsets when reprocessing DLQs. 02 Eliminates duplicate data and redundant work. 03 Minimizes the footprint of potentially sensitive data. 04 Allows custom logic-based record retention rather than time-based retention. 05
  • 6. Building a compacted DLQ system STEP 1 This option is available using either the Kafka built-in CLIs or the language SDK being used to interact with the brokers. Initialize Kafka Topic with compaction STEP 2 This consists of: • Segment block byte size • Retention time • Dirty read ratio Set topic compaction configs STEP 3 After catching a raised exception within application logic, define the attribute set of metadata to inject into the body payload. Configure a primary key that will be used as the compaction key in the DLQ. Build the data payload and allocate the primary key STEP 4 If the Kafka broker cluster is down, consider a failover pathway that might hold messages in buffer until the cluster is restored. After receiving a successful response from the broker, emit a tombstone message to close out the reprocessing work. Emit your message and confirm successful ack STEP 5 A few useful metrics to persistently monitor would be: • queue size • error volume profiles • throughput spikiness • time-alive in the queue • time-to-resolution for successfully reprocessed records. Build monitors around DLQ metadata
  • 7. Kafka Retry Architectures in Practice Operational SLAs, Metrics, and Observability! HOW TO EFFECTIVELY MONITOR • Build a consistent process for registering alarm thresholds for caught errors. Post-mortems should identify relevant metrics for monitoring gaps. • Two modes of manual intervention: ⚬ Error throughput thresholds ⚬ Error queue size threshold HOW TO RESOLVE ISSUES • Define your operational SLAs on data pipelines and clarify on-call pager duty rotations. • Are retries a manual or automated process? • What kind of metadata filters are useful for narrowing the search space during reprocessing? • Is reprocessing logic idempotent? HOW TO GUARANTEE COVERAGE • The importance of setting up health checks for your infrastructure - who monitors the monitor? • Building out an error catalog that allows fine- grain error handling in code.