C Language ppt create by Anand & Sager.pptx

Respected Principal sir, HOD
sir and our all teachers from
our Branch, we Heartily
welcome to watch our
presentation on “Summer
internship training”.
WELCOME

CANDIDATE DECLARATION
We are the student of 2nd year (CSE) declare that we own full responsible
for the information result etc. provided in project title “C-Programming”,
Submitted to DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE GOVT.
POLYTECNIC COLLEGE (KOTA) RAJASTHAN for THE DIPLOMA IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE. In all respect we have taken care of the intellectual
Proprietary right & copyright. Our project in-charge and institute should not
Be held responsible for full or partial violation of copyright if found any
stage of my diploma.
DATE:
23/09/2023
Place-KOTA

Submitted by :
PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT PPT
MCM COMPUTER EDUCATION INSTITUTE
ON
( C- language )
Taken On
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENTN OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA OF ENGINEERING
ANAND KUAMR VERMA & SAGAR KUMAR
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Session : 2023 - 2024
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
D.C.M. ROAD, KOTA-324007

1. Topic Name Slide number
2. Introduction of C : 5 to 6
3. Basic structure of c-language : 7
4. Role of main() function : 8 to 9
5. C-Tokens & variables : 10
6. Constant & keyword : 11
7. Types of keyword in “c”- language : 12
8. Data types in “c”-language : 13
9. Types of operators in “c”-language : 14
10. Branching in “c”-language : 15 to 20
11. Decision making and looping : 21 to 23
12. Array : 24 to 25
13. String : 26 to 27
14. Function : 28
15. Recursion : 29
Table of Contents

Introduction:-
‘C’ is a Structure Programming Language and mostly used for software
developing purpose. It was an offspring of the BCPL ‘Basic Combined
Programming Language’, called B, developed in 1970’s. ‘B’ Language was
modified by Dennis Ritchie and was implemented at Bell Laboratories in 1972.
the new language was named ‘C’.
It was developed along with the UNIX operating system, but it is running
under a number of Operating Systems including MS-DOS.
Introduction of The “C’ Language

Importance of ‘C’:-
It is robust language whose rich set of built-in functions and operators can be
used to write any complex program. The ‘C’ compiler combines the
capabilities of an assembly language with the features of a high-level language.
It is well suited for writing both system software and business packages.
Programs written in ‘C’ are efficient an fast. This is due to its variety of data
types and powerful operators. It is many times faster than BASIC.
There are 32 types of Keywords and its strength lines in its built-in functions.
‘C’ is highly portable. This means that ‘C’ programs written for one computer
can be run on another with little or no modifications.

 Documentation Section
 Link Section
 Definition Section
 Global Declaration Section
 Main() function section
 {
 Declaration part
 Executable part
 }
 Subprograme Section
 Function-1
 Function-2 {used defined function}
 Function-n {An over of drive a “C” Language}
Basic Structure of “C” Language
‘C’ language is well suited for structured programming language, thus requiring the user to
think of a problem in terms of function modules or blocks. A proper collection of these
modules would make a complete program. This modular structure makes program debugging,
testing and maintenance easier.
Another important feature of ‘C’ is its ability to extend itself. A ‘C’ program is basically a
collection of functions that are supported by the ‘C’ library.
Example of B.S
//sexplain the simple program//
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
printf(“enter the a value:”);
scanf(“%d”,&a);
printf(“n value of a=%d”,a);
}

Main():-
The Main() is a special function, used by the ‘C’ system to tell the computer
where the program starts. Every program must have exactly one main
function. If we use more than one main function, the compiler cannot tell
which one marks the beginning of the program.
The empty pair of parentheses immediately following main indicates that the
function main has no arguments (or parameters).
The opening brace ‘{‘ in the second line marks the beginning of the function
main and the closing brace ‘}’ in the last line indicates the end of the function.
The closing brace also marks the end of the program. All the statements
between these two braces form the function body. It contains a set of
instructions to perform the given task.
Role of Main() Function

Every ‘C’ program must have one main() section. This section contains two
parts, declaration part and executable part. The declaration part declares all
the variables used in the executable part. There is at least one statement in the
executable part. These two parts must appear between the opening and the
closing braces. The program execution begins at the opening brace and ends at
the closing brace. The closing brace of the main function section is the logical
end of the program. All statements in the declaration and executable parts end
with a semicolon.
main() function name
{ start of program
-------- program statements
--------
} end of program

C-TOKENS
• Keywords : int, float, while
• Identifiers : value, amount
• Constant : -15.5 , 100
• Strings : “abc”, “ABC”, “x+y”, ”5”, “d”
• Special Symbols : [ ] , { }
• Operators : + , - , * , / , %
Variable
“Variables are data name, which is used to store any kind of value, constant or expression.
Or
Variables are data names, which value change during the execution of ‘C’ program”
Type of Variable :-
1) Integer Variable : x=169
2) Float Variable : x=169.79
3) Character Variable : x=‘k’/”ram”
4) Long integer Variable : {-32768 to 32767}

CONSTANT
“Constants are fixed values, which does not change during the execution of ‘C’
program”
Type of Constant :-
1) Integer Constant : x=169
2) Float/ Real Constant : x=169.79
3) Character Constant : x=‘k’
4) String Constant : x=“ram”
5) Back Slash Character Constant:: ‘n’, ‘t’, ‘v’ etc.
KEYWORD
 Keywords are those words whose meaning is already defined know to
the compiler.
 It is also know as Reserved words.
 Keywords are not used as variable name.
Keywords are not used as constant name.
There are 32 Key-words in “C” Language

Types of Keywords In “C” Language
1.auto
2.break
3.case
4.char
5.const
6.continue
7.default
8.do
9.double
10.else
11.enum
12.extern
13.float
14.for
15.goto
16.if
17. int
18.long
19.register
20.return
21.short
22.signed
23.sizeof
24.static
25.struct
26.switch
27.typedof
28.union
29.unsigned
30.void
31.volatile
32.while

Data Types in “C” Language
“C language is rich in its data types. There are four classes of data types:”
1. Primary or Fundamental data types:-
All C compilers support four fundamental data types, namely
integer (int), character (char), floating point (float), and double-precision
floating point (double).
2. User-defined data types:-
typedef, enum are the user-defined data type.
3. Derived data types:-
Arrays, functions, structures and pointers are derived data types.
4. Empty data set:-
void main()

Types of Operators In “C” Language
“Operators are used in programs to manipulate data and Variables”
There are 8 types of operators in ‘C’ Language-
1) Arithmetic Operators
2) Relational Operators
3) Logical Operators
4) Assignment Operators
5) Increment and decrement Operators
6) Bitwise Operators
7) Conditional Operators
8) Special Operators

Branching in “C” Language
“C language possesses such decision making capabilities and supports for the
following statements known as Control or Decision Making Statements.”
A. If statement
B. Switch Statement
C. Conditional Operator Statement
D. GOTO Statement
A. If Statement:-
1. Simple If statement
2. If ….. Else Statement
3. Nested If … else Statement
4. Else If Ladder Statement

A-1. Simple If A-2. If….else
Syntax:
If (Test Condition)
{
Statement Block;
}
Statement-x;
Next Statement;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b;
printf(“n Enter A and B Value:”);
scanf(“%d,%d”, &a, &b);
if (a>b)
{
printf(“n A is Greater=%d”,a);
}
}
Syntax:
If (Test Condition)
{
True Block Statement;
}
Else
{
False Block Statement;
}
Statement-x;
Next Statement;
E x a m p l e :
# i n c l u d e < s t d i o . h >
# i n c l u d e < c o n i o . h >
v o i d m a i n ( )
{
i n t a , b ;
p r i n t f ( “ n E n t e r A a n d B
Va l u e : ” ) ;
s c a n f ( “ % d , % d ” , & a , & b ) ;
I f ( a > b )
{
p r i n t f ( “ n A i s G r e a t e r = % d ” , a ) ;
}
e l s e
{
p r i n t f ( “ n B i s G r e a t e r = % d ” , b ) ;
} }

A-3. Nested If …. Else
Syntax:
If (Test Condition-
1)
{
If (Test Condition-
2)
{
Statement Block-
1;
}
Else
{
Statement Block-
2;
}}
Else
{
Statement Block-
3;
}
Statement-x;
Next Statement;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf(“n Enter A, B and C
Value:”);
scanf(“%d,%d,%d”, &a, &b, &c);
if ((a>b)&& (a>c))
{
if (b>c)
{
printf(“n A is Greater=%d”,a);
}
else
{
printf(“n B is Greater=%d”,b);
}}
else
{
printf(“n C is Greater=%d”,c);
}}
A-4. Else if Ladder
Syntax:
If (Test Condition-1)
Statemetn-1;
Else If (Test Condition-2)
Statement-2;
Else If (Test Condition-3)
Statement-3;
……………………
Else if (Test Condition-n)
Statement-n;
Else
Default Statement;
Statement-x;
Next Statement;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int code;
printf(“n 1. Hi n 2. Hello
n 3. How are you?”);
printf(“n Enter your
Choice :”);
scanf(“%d”, &code);
if (code==1)
printf(“n Hi”);
else if (code==2)
printf(“n Hello”);
else if (code==3)
printf(“n How are
you?”);
else
printf(“n All the Best”);
}

B. Switch Statement
Syntax:
Switch (Test expression)
{
Case value-1:
Block-1;
Break;
Case value-2:
Block-2;
Break;
…………………
Default:
Default block;
Break;
}
Statement-x;
Next Statement;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int code;
printf(“n 1. Hi n 2. Hello n 3. How are you?”);
printf(“n Enter your Choice :”);
scanf(“%d”, &code);
switch(code)
{
case 1:
printf(“n Hi”);
break;
case 2:
printf(“n Hello”);
break;
case 3:
printf(“n How are you?”);
break;
default:
printf(“n All the Best”);
break;
}}

C. Conditional Operator Statement
Syntax:
Exp1 ? Exp-2 : Exp-3;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b;
printf(“n Enter A and B Value:”);
scanf(“%d,%d”, &a, &b);
(a>b) ? printf(“n A is Greater”) :
printf(“n B is Greater”);
}
“It is also known as Ternary Operator. It has three operands”

D. GOTO Statement
Syntax-1:
Forward Jump
Goto Label;
…………..
…………..
…………..
Label:
Statement;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,x;
b:
printf(“n Enter A Value:”);
scanf(“%d”, &a);
if(a<0)
{
printf(“n Entire value id either Zero or Negative !! Please try
again…”);
goto b;
}
else
{
printf(“n Good Input:”);
x=a*a;
printf(“n Result is =%d”,x);
}}
Syntax-2:
Backward Jump
Label:
Statement;
…………..
…………..
…………..
Goto Label;

Types of loop in “C” Language
Three types of loop in “C” Language.
“A sequence of Statements are executed until some conditions for
termination of the loop are satisfied”
1. While Loop – Entry Controlled Loop.
2. Do Loop - Exit Controlled Loop.
3. For Loop - Entry Controlled Loop.

While loop:-
Syntax:-
While (Test Condition)
{
Body of the Loop;
}
Example:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=0;
while(i<=10)
{
i=i+1;
printf(“n Result is=%d”,i);
}}
Do loop:-
syntax:-
Do
{
Body of the Loop;
}
while (Test Condition);
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=0;
do
{
i=i+1;
printf(“n Result is=%d”,i);
}
while(i<=10);
}
For loop:-
Syntax:-
For (Initialization;
Test Condition;
Increment/Decremen
t)
{
Body of the Loop;
}
Example:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
for (i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
printf(“n Result is=
%d”,i);
}
}

 An Array is defined as collection of related items and all
the items are as similar data types.
 Array are the collection of finite number of similar type
data element.
 Array handle a large amount of data in terms of reading,
processing and printing.
Array
Types of array in “C” Language
One Dimensional
Array.
Two Dimensional
Array.
Multi Dimensional
Array.
Three
types of
array in
“C”
Language.

Array examples:-
1. One Dimensional Array
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i, a[5];
printf(“n Enter 5 elements :”);
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
}
printf(“n Output of array
elements :”);
for (i=0; i<5; i++)
{
printf(“n %d”,a[i]);
}}
2 . Tw o D i m e n s i o n a l
A r r a y
E x a m p l e :
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j, a[3][3];
printf(“n Enter 3 x 3 elements :”);
for (i=0; i<3; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<3; j++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}}
printf(“n Output of array
elements :”);
for (i=0; i<3; i++)
{
printf(“n”);
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“t %d”,a[i][j]);
}}}
3 . M u l t i
D i m e n s i o n a l A r r a y
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,k a[2][3][2];
printf(“n Enter 2 x 3 x 2
elements :”);
for (i=0; i<2; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<3; j++)
{
for (k=0; k<2; k++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j][k]);
}}
printf(“n Output of array elements
:”);
for (i=0; i<2; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
for (k=0; k<2; k++)
{
printf(“n %d”,a[i][j][k]);
}}}

STRING
“In C language, Array of Characters are called “String”. Any string is the sequential
collection of Characters, which used any single data item. String size denotes the
maximum number of characters can hold. String value will terminate with an
additional null ‘0’ terminator. Hence, at the time of string declaration, one extra
element space will define for the null character.
Syntax: <data type> <Array Name> [size];
Example
Char n[10];
Character
string :-
‘w’ ‘e’ ‘l’ ‘l’ ‘ ‘ ‘d’ ‘o’ ‘n’ ‘e’ ‘0’
N[0] N[1] N[2] N[3] N[4] N[5] N[6] N[7] N[8] N[9]

Example of string :
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char x[50];
printf(“n enter any string”);
gets(x);
puts(x);
}

Category of Functions:-
1. Function with No Argument and No Return Value
2. Function with No Argument and Return Value
3. Function with Argument and No Return Value
4. Function with Argument and Return Value
Function
Function Parameter Passing:-
Syntax:
Function(a1,a2, a3 .... an)
{
----------
----------
}
Function(f,f2,f3, …. Fn)
{
----------
----------
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int ram(int,int),a,b;
printf(“n Enter A and B value :”);
scanf(“%d,%d”,&a,&b);
printf(“n Result is=%d”,ram(a,b);
}
int ram(int x, int y)
{
int z;
z=x+y;
return (z);
}

RECURSION
Definition:
When a function calls a copy of itself
then the process is known as Recursion.
Or
When a function calls itself then this
technique is known as Recursion
E x a m p l e :
# i n c l u d e < s t d i o . h >
v o i d m a i n ( )
{
i n t n , f a c t ( i n t ) ;
p r i n t f ( “ n E n t e r a n y N u m b e r : ” ) ;
s c a n f ( “ % d ” , & n ) ;
p r i n t f ( “ n F a c t o r i a l v a l u e i s =
% d ” , f a c t ( n ) ) ;
}
i n t f a c t ( i n t n )
{
i f ( n = = 0 )
r e t u r n ( 1 ) ;
e l s e
r e t u r n ( n * f a c t ( n - 1 ) ) ;
}

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