![4
2.2 Exclusions
It is standard practice in carbon accounting to set a de-minimis threshold below which certain activities
may be excluded from the inventory. In this case, activities that were deemed to contribute less than
1% of the overall carbon footprint were excluded, unless the data were readily available.
3 Methodology and Assumptions
3.1 General Methodology
This emissions quantification follows the principles and methods of The GHG Protocol Corporate
Accounting and Reporting Standard (https://ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standard).
The lifecycle emissions quantification of construction materials follows the principles of the ISO
14040:2006 Standard (https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html).
Emissions factors can differ from region to region because of variations in the carbon content of local
fuels and differences in the accounting practices of jurisdictional authorities. For example, the US
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) emissions factors for air transportation omit the global
warming effects of radiative forcing, whereas the emissions factors provided by the UK’s Department
for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy include radiative forcing. Since radiative forcing can account
for as much as 45% of the global warming effect of air transportation, any performance comparisons
between galleries in different countries should take this difference into consideration.
To ensure the highest accuracy, country-specific emissions factors were used in the calculations
wherever possible.
Emissions were calculated as follows:
3.1.1 Mobile combustion of fossil fuels
Three main greenhouse gases from mobile combustion – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and
nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) as
follows:
CO2e = ∑ [ Q ft x (CO2 EF ft + (CH4 EF ft)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF ft )(N2O GWP)) ] ft
where,
Q ft = quantity of fuel type used
CO2 EF ft = carbon dioxide emissions factor for fuel type
CH4 EF ft = methane emissions factor for fuel type
CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential
N2O EF ft = nitrous oxide emissions factor for fuel type
N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential
ft = fuel type](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carbonfootprintreportfor2022mikarottenbergexhibition20jan23-rev1-230404205007-06bfc040/85/Carbon-footprint-report-for-2022-Mika-Rottenberg-Exhibition_20Jan23-rev-1-pdf-6-320.jpg)
![5
All fuel emissions factors were “tank-to-wheels” (meaning upstream emissions from fuel production
were omitted) and were sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version.
3.1.2 Purchased electricity
H&W draws electricity from the local utility grid, none of which is purchased under any renewable
energy contract.
As per standard practice under The GHG Protocol, both the location-based and market-based
electricity emissions methods were used. The location-based method is based on all the fuel types used
to generate electricity on the local grid (“production fuel mix”).
The market-based method is based on the fuel types that have not already been attributed to renewable
energy contracts from the local grid (“residual fuel mix”). These residual fuel mix emissions factors
were sourced from https://www.green-e.org/2022-residual-mix.
Three main greenhouse gases from the generation of electricity – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents
(CO2e) as follows:
Location-Based Method:
CO2e = ∑ [E local grid x (CO2 EF local grid + (CH4 EF local grid)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF local grid )(N2O GWP))] local grid
where,
E local rid = kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity drawn from local grid
CO2 EF local grid = carbon dioxide emissions factor for local grid (production fuel mix factor)
CH4 EF local grid = methane emissions factor for local grid (production fuel mix factor)
CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential
N2O EF local grid = nitrous oxide emissions factor for local grid (production fuel mix factor)
N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential
local grid = electricity grid on which each building is located
Electricity grid emissions factors were sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version.
Market-Based Method:
CO2e = ∑ [E purchased x (CO2 EF purchased + (CH4 EF purchased)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF purchased )(N2O GWP))] purchased
where,
E purchased = kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity purchased from local grid
CO2 EF purchased = carbon dioxide emissions factor for electricity purchased (residual fuel mix
factor)
CH4 EF purchased = methane emissions factor for electricity purchased (residual fuel mix factor)
CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carbonfootprintreportfor2022mikarottenbergexhibition20jan23-rev1-230404205007-06bfc040/85/Carbon-footprint-report-for-2022-Mika-Rottenberg-Exhibition_20Jan23-rev-1-pdf-7-320.jpg)
![6
N2O EF purchased = nitrous oxide emissions factor for electricity purchased (residual fuel mix
factor)
N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential
purchased = electricity purchase contract
Electricity residual fuel mix emissions factors were sourced from https://www.green-e.org/2022-residual-
mix.
3.1.3 Employee, contractor, artist and visitor travel
Three main greenhouse gases from transportation – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous
oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) as follows:
CO2e = ∑ [ D mode x (CO2 EF mode + (CH4 EF mode)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF mode)(N2O GWP)) ] mode
where,
D mode = distance travelled by mode of transportation
CO2 EF mode = carbon dioxide emissions factor for mode of transportation
CH4 EF mode = methane emissions factor for mode of transportation
CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential
N2O EF mode = nitrous oxide emissions factor for mode of transportation
N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential
mode = mode of transportation
All travel and transportation emissions factors were “tank-to-wheels”. Air transport emissions do not
include radiative forcing, as per practice in US EPA emissions factors. All factors were sourced from US
EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version.
3.1.4 Freight
Each freight shipment was recorded by longitude and latitude coordinates. Using the Haversine formula,
“as-the-crow-flies” distances were then calculated. Any air or sea shipment distance was then based on
this result. To determine road (rail) shipment distances, the Haversine formula result was grossed up by
a factor of 25% to account for longer, indirect ground travel routes.
Freight shipment weights (chargeable weight) were provided by H&W as gathered from the shipping
service provider. Where no such data was provided, an algorithm using the shipped item’s dimensions
was used to arrive at the best estimate of the chargeable shipping weight. See Section 3.3 Assumptions
for further information.
Three main greenhouse gases from the transportation of freight – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents
(CO2e) as follows:
CO2e = ∑ [ D mode x W x (CO2 EF mode + (CH4 EF mode)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF mode)(N2O GWP)) ] mode
where,
D mode = distance travelled by mode of transportation](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/carbonfootprintreportfor2022mikarottenbergexhibition20jan23-rev1-230404205007-06bfc040/85/Carbon-footprint-report-for-2022-Mika-Rottenberg-Exhibition_20Jan23-rev-1-pdf-8-320.jpg)
Carbon footprint report for 2022 Mika Rottenberg Exhibition_20Jan23-rev (1).pdf
- 1. Hauser & Wirth Los Angeles Gallery Mika Rottenberg Exhibition Carbon Footprint Report January 20, 2023
- 2. 57 Hocken Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M6G 2K1 Canada (416) 494-9999 thecarbonaccountingcompany.com January 20, 2023 Ms. Cliodhna Murphy Global Head of Environmental Sustainability Hauser & Wirth [email protected] Dear Ms. Murphy, It is my pleasure to present this quantification of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the Mika Rottenberg Exhibition from June 23 to October 2, 2022. Our review of the data is based solely on our assessment of the information provided to us by Hauser & Wirth. Based on the information provided, the emissions as reported in this document are credible and defensible as an attempt to quantify the emissions sources and resultant emissions levels for the sources provided. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at 416.494.9999 ext.15 or [email protected]. Yours sincerely, Ian Lipton President & CEO
- 3. 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................2 2 Scope of the Study....................................................................................................................................................................2 2.1 Quantification Boundaries ............................................................................................................................................2 2.2 Exclusions ...........................................................................................................................................................................4 3 Methodology and Assumptions............................................................................................................................................4 3.1 General Methodology.....................................................................................................................................................4 3.1.1 Mobile combustion of fossil fuels .......................................................................................................................4 3.1.2 Purchased electricity...............................................................................................................................................5 3.1.3 Employee, contractor, artist and visitor travel..............................................................................................6 3.1.4 Freight..........................................................................................................................................................................6 3.1.5 Event food & beverages .........................................................................................................................................7 3.1.6 Lifecycle emissions of exhibition construction materials...........................................................................7 3.1.7 Waste disposal..........................................................................................................................................................7 3.2 Emissions Factors and Global Warming Potentials..............................................................................................7 3.3 Assumptions.......................................................................................................................................................................7 4 Results...........................................................................................................................................................................................9 5 Statement of Accuracy..........................................................................................................................................................15
- 4. 2 1 Introduction Hauser & Wirth (“H&W”) retained The Carbon Accounting Company (“TCAC”) to quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the Mika Rottenberg (“Rottenberg”) art exhibition at the Los Angeles Gallery over the period June 23 to October 2, 2022. This engagement was supported by artist Haley Mellin and Art into Acres. The goal of this quantification is to guide H&W in creating a carbon budget that can eventually be used for future exhibitions at H&W’s various galleries around the world. H&W is committed to reducing its operational carbon footprint by 50% from its base year inventory by 2030. The ability to create and follow a carbon budget for each exhibition is an important strategy in reaching this target. It should be noted that the terms “carbon footprint”, “GHG inventory”, and “emissions inventory” are used interchangeably. They all refer to the same thing, which is the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the activities associated with the Rottenberg exhibition at the Los Angeles Gallery. The primary greenhouse gases in this inventory are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). While carbon (C) occurs in only two of these three gases, it is standard practice to include at least all three gases in most organizational carbon footprints as these three gases are the main drivers of global warming and the catastrophic climate crisis we are facing. The carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions are quantified and converted into an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide (CO2e) based on the global warming potentials of each of the three gases. This is standard practice in all organizational carbon footprints. More on this procedure can be found in Section 3.1 General Methodology. 2 Scope of the Study 2.1 Quantification Boundaries This carbon footprint is primarily limited to the GHG emissions generated from activities that occurred during the period of the Rottenberg exhibition (June to October 2022), including the periods for construction, transportation, installation, removal, and disposal. In addition, this footprint considers and incorporates “upstream” GHG emissions from the supply of items used to construct the exhibition, also known as cradle-to-gate lifecycle emissions. By their very nature, upstream lifecycle emissions occur well before the period of the exhibition. The organizational boundaries for this carbon footprint quantification follow the operational control approach. The operational control approach covers emissions generated from organizations for which H&W has operational control, including control over policy and management practices such as purchasing decisions. An example of emissions from an organization that would fall outside operational control are the business operations of a supplier that is neither owned nor operated by H&W. However, if that supplier is hired to provide services onsite at H&W, the carbon associated from those activities would be included in this carbon footprint. For example, the emissions from energy used by a supplier, such as
- 5. 3 a carpenter, while working onsite to install the exhibition would be included in this footprint. However, the energy used in the carpenter’s workshop would not necessarily be included. This carbon footprint consists of emissions generated from operational activities classified as Scope 1, 2 or 3. These standard classification categories refer to the direct or indirect nature of the emissions causality. Scope 1 activities are those that create emissions directly within the organizational boundaries. Examples include any combustion of fuel to heat buildings/power generators, or fuel used in vehicles operated by the gallery. Scope 2 activities are those that create emissions indirectly from the purchase of energy used within the organizational boundaries. An example is the emissions generated from the use of electricity. While the actual emissions occur at the electricity generating facility, which is outside H&W’s operational control, the electricity used by H&W is within their operational control. Scope 3 activities are all other activities that create emissions indirectly within the organizational boundary. For example, employees travelling for business generate indirect emissions. The employees are required by H&W to travel, even though the vehicles themselves are not operated by H&W. As such, the emissions caused by business travel are those indirectly within H&W’s control and therefore are included in the inventory as Scope 3. Table 1 lists all activities considered in this inventory. Some of the activities listed below were considered, but ultimately excluded from the inventory because they did not apply to the buildings at the Los Angeles Gallery; they were missing data; and/or they were too insignificant to impact the exhibition’s carbon footprint (de-minimis). More on this can be found under Section 2.2 Exclusions. Table 1. GHG Inventory Boundaries and Activities Scope 1 Stationary combustion of fossil fuels for heating buildings and water: THE FACILITY WAS NOT HEATED DURING THIS PERIOD Mobile combustion of fossil fuels used in H&W operated road vehicles and off-road vehicles Combustion of fossil fuels used in backup generators: THERE ARE NO GENERATORS AT THE FACILITY Fugitive emissions from air conditioning and refrigeration units Scope 2 Purchased electricity Purchased district energy (e.g., hot water, chilled water, steam): THE GALLERY DOES NOT USE DISTRICT ENERGY Scope 3 Freight Employee, contractor, and artist business travel Visitor transportation to the gallery Construction of exhibition Event food & beverages Waste
- 6. 4 2.2 Exclusions It is standard practice in carbon accounting to set a de-minimis threshold below which certain activities may be excluded from the inventory. In this case, activities that were deemed to contribute less than 1% of the overall carbon footprint were excluded, unless the data were readily available. 3 Methodology and Assumptions 3.1 General Methodology This emissions quantification follows the principles and methods of The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (https://ghgprotocol.org/corporate-standard). The lifecycle emissions quantification of construction materials follows the principles of the ISO 14040:2006 Standard (https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html). Emissions factors can differ from region to region because of variations in the carbon content of local fuels and differences in the accounting practices of jurisdictional authorities. For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) emissions factors for air transportation omit the global warming effects of radiative forcing, whereas the emissions factors provided by the UK’s Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy include radiative forcing. Since radiative forcing can account for as much as 45% of the global warming effect of air transportation, any performance comparisons between galleries in different countries should take this difference into consideration. To ensure the highest accuracy, country-specific emissions factors were used in the calculations wherever possible. Emissions were calculated as follows: 3.1.1 Mobile combustion of fossil fuels Three main greenhouse gases from mobile combustion – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) as follows: CO2e = ∑ [ Q ft x (CO2 EF ft + (CH4 EF ft)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF ft )(N2O GWP)) ] ft where, Q ft = quantity of fuel type used CO2 EF ft = carbon dioxide emissions factor for fuel type CH4 EF ft = methane emissions factor for fuel type CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential N2O EF ft = nitrous oxide emissions factor for fuel type N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential ft = fuel type
- 7. 5 All fuel emissions factors were “tank-to-wheels” (meaning upstream emissions from fuel production were omitted) and were sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version. 3.1.2 Purchased electricity H&W draws electricity from the local utility grid, none of which is purchased under any renewable energy contract. As per standard practice under The GHG Protocol, both the location-based and market-based electricity emissions methods were used. The location-based method is based on all the fuel types used to generate electricity on the local grid (“production fuel mix”). The market-based method is based on the fuel types that have not already been attributed to renewable energy contracts from the local grid (“residual fuel mix”). These residual fuel mix emissions factors were sourced from https://www.green-e.org/2022-residual-mix. Three main greenhouse gases from the generation of electricity – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) as follows: Location-Based Method: CO2e = ∑ [E local grid x (CO2 EF local grid + (CH4 EF local grid)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF local grid )(N2O GWP))] local grid where, E local rid = kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity drawn from local grid CO2 EF local grid = carbon dioxide emissions factor for local grid (production fuel mix factor) CH4 EF local grid = methane emissions factor for local grid (production fuel mix factor) CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential N2O EF local grid = nitrous oxide emissions factor for local grid (production fuel mix factor) N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential local grid = electricity grid on which each building is located Electricity grid emissions factors were sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version. Market-Based Method: CO2e = ∑ [E purchased x (CO2 EF purchased + (CH4 EF purchased)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF purchased )(N2O GWP))] purchased where, E purchased = kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity purchased from local grid CO2 EF purchased = carbon dioxide emissions factor for electricity purchased (residual fuel mix factor) CH4 EF purchased = methane emissions factor for electricity purchased (residual fuel mix factor) CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential
- 8. 6 N2O EF purchased = nitrous oxide emissions factor for electricity purchased (residual fuel mix factor) N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential purchased = electricity purchase contract Electricity residual fuel mix emissions factors were sourced from https://www.green-e.org/2022-residual- mix. 3.1.3 Employee, contractor, artist and visitor travel Three main greenhouse gases from transportation – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) as follows: CO2e = ∑ [ D mode x (CO2 EF mode + (CH4 EF mode)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF mode)(N2O GWP)) ] mode where, D mode = distance travelled by mode of transportation CO2 EF mode = carbon dioxide emissions factor for mode of transportation CH4 EF mode = methane emissions factor for mode of transportation CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential N2O EF mode = nitrous oxide emissions factor for mode of transportation N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential mode = mode of transportation All travel and transportation emissions factors were “tank-to-wheels”. Air transport emissions do not include radiative forcing, as per practice in US EPA emissions factors. All factors were sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version. 3.1.4 Freight Each freight shipment was recorded by longitude and latitude coordinates. Using the Haversine formula, “as-the-crow-flies” distances were then calculated. Any air or sea shipment distance was then based on this result. To determine road (rail) shipment distances, the Haversine formula result was grossed up by a factor of 25% to account for longer, indirect ground travel routes. Freight shipment weights (chargeable weight) were provided by H&W as gathered from the shipping service provider. Where no such data was provided, an algorithm using the shipped item’s dimensions was used to arrive at the best estimate of the chargeable shipping weight. See Section 3.3 Assumptions for further information. Three main greenhouse gases from the transportation of freight – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) – were quantified and converted into carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) as follows: CO2e = ∑ [ D mode x W x (CO2 EF mode + (CH4 EF mode)(CH4 GWP) + (N2O EF mode)(N2O GWP)) ] mode where, D mode = distance travelled by mode of transportation
- 9. 7 W = chargeable shipping weight CO2 EF mode = carbon dioxide emissions factor for mode of freight transportation CH4 EF mode = methane emissions factor for mode of freight transportation CH4 GWP = methane global warming potential N2O EF mode = nitrous oxide emissions factor for mode of freight transportation N2O GWP = nitrous oxide global warming potential mode = mode of freight transportation All freight emissions factors were “tank-to-wheels”. Air transport emissions do not include radiative forcing. All factors were sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version. 3.1.5 Event food & beverages Average lifecycle emissions factors for food & beverages sourced from UK, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy were multiplied by the number of attendees for each catered event. (reference: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors- 2022). 3.1.6 Lifecycle emissions of exhibition construction materials Lifecycle emissions factors were primarily sourced from the Ecoinvent version 3.9.1 database or from UK, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (reference: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2022). The emission activity boundary was “cradle-to-gate”, unless otherwise noted. 3.1.7 Waste disposal Two types of waste were accounted for: Dry mixed recycling, and general waste. Quantities were tracked based on the number of full 1,100-Litre waste bins emptied during the period. Total volumes were multiplied by the corresponding emission factors sourced from US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version. 3.2 Emissions Factors and Global Warming Potentials Unless otherwise stated, all emissions calculations were based on the US EPA Emissions Factors Hub, April 2022 version referenced in the sections above. 3.3 Assumptions Shared Space: • H&W shares approximately 6% of the building space with another organization. It is assumed the additional energy consumption from the use of that space is negligible to H&W’s overall carbon footprint
- 10. 8 Data Collection: • All data were collected and provided by H&W personnel either directly in the data collection workbook provided by The Carbon Accounting Company, or in separately consolidated formats. It is assumed that the data entered by H&W personnel were accurate and complete Freight: • Road distances were based on the Haversine formula and grossed up by 25% to account for non- linear road routes • Road freight vehicles are assumed to be average laden, diesel-powered heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) Fugitive Emissions from Air Conditioning: • Due to missing information, assume the air conditioning equipment uses refrigerant R-410A and the operating capacity is 10 lbs Business Travel: • Assume car travel, if applicable, is in single-occupant, average size vehicles as defined by US EPA Visitors: • Assume of the 24,982 visitors, 4,996 (20%) travelled to the gallery in a shared vehicle • Assume the average return distance travelled is 20 miles • Assume average size passenger vehicles and average fuel type as defined by US EPA Event Food & Beverages: • Assume 0.5 kg of food and beverages per person Exhibition Construction Material: • Assume the projection screen carbon footprint is de-minimis • Assume the density of paint is 1.1 kg/L • Assume all material is primary, rather than recycled, unless otherwise indicated Waste: • Assume each waste bin holds 1,100 Litres of waste
- 11. 9 4 Results Table 2. Emissions Sources Scope 1 Stationary Combustion - Mobile Combustion: Gasoline - Mobile Combustion: Propane 114 gallons Scope 2 Grid Electricity (Location-based) 343,960 kWh Grid Electricity (Market-based) 343,960 kWh Scope 3 Freight See Table 3 Employee, Contractor, & Artist Travel See Table 4 Visitor Travel See Table 5 Event Food & Beverage See Table 6 Exhibition Construction See Table 7 Waste See Table 8 Table 3. Freight Scope 3 Weight (kg) Distance (km) Road Shipments 2,872 5,574 Air Shipments 2,159 39,053 Sea Shipments 0 0 Rail Shipments 0 0 Table 4. Employee, Contractor & Artist Travel Scope 3 km Employee, Contractor & Artist Travel Passenger car 0 Intercity rail 0 Air – Short haul 0 Air – Medium haul 0 Air – Long haul 23,667
- 12. 10 Table 5. Visitor Travel Scope 3 km Visitor Travel Passenger car 399,712 Table 6. Event Food & Beverage Scope 3 2 catered events with a total of 49 guests Table 7. Exhibition Construction Scope 3 Decorative paint 30 gallons Drywall 3,500 lbs Plaster 2,000 lbs Plywood 200 lbs Stucco 300 lbs Steel studs 360 lbs Carpet 200 lbs Chicken wire 50 lbs Styrofoam 5 lbs Projection screens 15 lbs Table 8. Waste Scope 3 Non-construction dry mixed recycling 5,500 Litres Non-construction general waste to landfill 5,500 Litres Construction dry mixed recycling - Construction general waste to landfill -
- 13. 11 Table 9. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Location-based method Market-based method Scope 1 kg CO2e kg CO2e Mobile Combustion: Propane 655 655 Fugitive Emissions from Air Conditioning 987 987 Total Scope 1 1,642 1,642 Scope 2 kg CO2e kg CO2e Grid Electricity 80,426 82,313 Total Scope 2 80,426 82,313 Scope 3 kg CO2e kg CO2e Freight 12,175 12,175 Employee, Contractor & Artist Travel 2,420 2,420 Visitor Travel 133,608 133,608 Event Food & Beverage 91 91 Exhibition Construction 3,037 3,037 Waste 170 170 Total Scope 3 151,501 151,501 Total Emissions (kg CO2e) 233,569 235,456 Total Emissions (tonnes CO2e) 233.6 235.5 Figure 1. Emissions by Scope 0.7% 34.4% 64.9% Emissionsby Scope:Location-based Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3
- 14. 12 Figure 2. Emissions by Activity Source 0.7% 35.0% 64.3% Emissionsby Scope:Market-based Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 MobileCombustion:Propane 0.3% Fugitive Emissions: Air Conditioning0.4% Grid Electricity 34.4% Freight 5.2% Employee, Contractor & Artist Travel 1.0% Visitor Travel 57.2% Exhibition Construction 1.3% Waste 0.1% Emissionsby ActivitySource
- 15. 13 MobileCombustion:Propane 0.3% Fugitive Emissions: Air Conditioning0.4% Grid Electricity 35.0% Freight 5.2% Employee, Contractor & Artist Travel 1.0% Visitor Travel 56.7% Exhibition Construction 1.3% Waste 0.1% Emissionsby ActivitySource:Market-based
- 16. 14 Figure 3. Carbon Footprint Equivalents (Market-based method) Carbon Footprint Equivalents of 235 tonnes of CO2e GHG emissions from: Carbon dioxide emissions from: GHG emissions avoided by: Carbon sequestered by: Source: US EPA Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator
- 17. 15 5 Statement of Accuracy The Carbon Accounting Company states that, based on the information provided, H&W’s emissions as reported in this document are credible and defensible as an attempt to quantify the emissions sources and resultant emissions levels for the sources provided. For more information regarding this report, please contact: Ian Lipton President & CEO The Carbon Accounting Company (416) 494-9999 ext. 15 [email protected]