Sequence diagram (SSD) shows events generated by external actors and their order. SSD is part of use case model and can illustrate collaboration between systems. An SSD should be done for main and alternative scenarios of a use case.
Building for the Internet of Things: Hardware, Sensors & the CloudNick Landry
ย
Connected, smart devices have become pervasive. These "Things" already outnumber more traditional computing devices and are set to surpass the 100 billion devices mark within a few short years. The Internet of Things (IoT) extends your reach as a software developer into the world of diverse hardware devices controlled by your code, and powered by the cloud. In this session weโll explore the โMakerโ or โThingsโ side of IoT with hardware boards like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Netduino, Intel Edison and others, and the various sensors and shields you can use to measure temperatures, capture user input via buttons, display data on micro displays and more fun electronic stuff. Weโll build our first simple electronic circuits using LEDs and push buttons, and then write embedded code to augment that circuit by deploying & running it on various microcontroller boards.
Next, this session extends the reach of your hardware projects by connecting your โthingsโ to the cloud, thus fulfilling the promise of the โInternet of Thingsโ. You'll learn about many of the options available to plug devices into connected intelligent systems, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other custom wireless options. Weโll explore how sensor data from hardware devices from the field can be collected and routed through gateways using Machine-to-Machine (M2M) messaging, and stored in the cloud, where it can be consumed in real-time data visualization dashboards.
The Internet of Things is full of opportunities for developers and this session is your best starting point to understand the big picture, and the possibilities. Donโt fret if youโve never done anything with hardware or electronics, this session will give you the guidance you need to get started.
The NodeMCU is an ESP8266 development board that contains a 32-bit RISC CPU, 64KB of instruction RAM, 96KB of data RAM, and external flash memory. It supports WiFi, GPIO pins, SPI, I2C, PWM and ADC interfaces. Official firmware includes Lua, Micropython, and Espruino scripting languages as well as support for Arduino IDE. It is inexpensive, functional, and has a large community supporting its use and development.
This document provides an overview of Hadoop and its ecosystem. It describes the key components of Hadoop including HDFS, MapReduce, YARN and various schedulers. It explains the architecture and functions of HDFS, MapReduce and YARN. It also summarizes the different schedulers in Hadoop including FIFO, Fair and Capacity schedulers.
Design of Milk Analysis Embedded System for Dairy FarmersKunal Kabra
ย
This report gives brief of milk analysis system using embedded system. Also give brief of milk contain, how to build low cost, high quality milk system for farmer. This is my engineering project
Many technical communities are vigorously pursuing
research topics that contribute to the Internet of Things (IoT).
Nowadays, as sensing, actuation, communication, and control become
even more sophisticated and ubiquitous, there is a significant
overlap in these communities, sometimes from slightly different
perspectives. More cooperation between communities is encouraged.
To provide a basis for discussing open research problems in
IoT, a vision for how IoT could change the world in the
distant future is first presented. Then, eight key research topics
are enumerated and research problems within these topics are
discussed.
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It provides examples of IoT devices like smart homes, smart locks, and smart mirrors. It outlines advantages like convenience, tracking capabilities, and cost savings. Disadvantages include lack of compatibility standards, complexity, privacy/security risks, and potential safety issues if devices are hacked. Finally, it briefly profiles several IoT companies like ARM, Bosch, and Ericsson that are helping enable the connection of billions of devices through sensors and networking.
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT), which refers to connecting everyday objects to the internet. It explains that IoT enables communication between people and objects as well as between objects themselves. The document outlines how more devices are being connected through wireless sensor networks and IP-based services. It also discusses challenges and solutions for connecting constrained devices in IoT environments. Finally, it provides examples of building a Web of Things using technologies like CoAP, HTTP, and lightweight M2M.
The document provides an overview of OPNET Modeler, a network simulation tool. It describes OPNET Modeler's architecture, which includes tools for model specification, data collection and simulation, and analysis. It also discusses how to locate models and components using the model library and its organization. The goal is to help users understand what problems can be solved with OPNET Modeler and how to get started using it.
Augmented reality (AR) combines real and virtual images, is interactive in real-time, and has virtual content registered in 3D space. The document traces the history of AR from early experimentation in the 1960s-1980s to mainstream commercial applications today. Key developments include the first head-mounted display in 1968, mobile phone AR in the 2000s, and consumer products like Google Glass. The document also provides examples of AR applications in various domains such as marketing, gaming, manufacturing, and healthcare.
As new technologies are emerging, It is giving rise to immersive and seamless interactions between devices and systems. This in turn giving rise to different use cases which has brought about many disruptions and innovations in last couple of years. Internet of things (IOT) has given a new outlook in which systems are getting developed, integrated and delivered.
www.facebook.com/iotians
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that enables the collection and exchange of data. Key components that drive IoT include sensors that detect information, connectivity that allows communication over the internet, and people and processes that analyze and take action based on the data. Some advantages of IoT are more efficient resource utilization, minimized human effort through automation, and time savings. The document outlines current and potential future applications of IoT but also notes there are challenges to widespread adoption.
The document discusses use case modeling. It defines use cases as narrative descriptions of domain processes in a structured prose format. It describes key concepts like actors, scenarios, and the relationships between use cases such as include and extend. It provides guidelines for writing use cases, including identifying the system boundary, primary actors, and their goals to derive use cases. It also describes different styles and levels of detail for writing use cases.
IoT and connected devices: an overviewPascal Bodin
ย
This is the presentation I use as a support to my 9 hour-long talk to postgraduate students of a French Telecom and Electronics Master. The idea is to provide them with a broad view, including some non-technical domains.
This document discusses wireless sensor networks and their role in the Internet of Things. It defines sensor networks and their architecture, noting that they consist of many low-power sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly to share sensed data. The document outlines challenges for sensor networks like fault tolerance, scalability, and energy efficiency. It also describes how sensor networks can be integrated into the Internet of Things by connecting to the Internet through gateways or dual-function sensor nodes. This allows sensed data to be aggregated and analyzed at a larger scale.
Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and inter-networking between devices and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
โThe technologies and solutions that enable integration of real world data and services into the current information networking technologies are often described under the umbrella term of the Internet of Things (IoT)โ
The document discusses the future of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical devices to exchange data and integrate the physical world into computer systems. The architecture of IoT is described as having four layers - a sensor layer to collect real-time data, a gateway layer to support communication, a service layer to analyze data, and an application layer for user interfaces. Challenges of IoT include scalability, standardization, and data volumes. Applications are in smart homes, cities, grids, cars, health, and supply chains. The future of IoT is vast due to advances enabling integration across devices.
The document describes the design of two software engineering case studies using Rational Rose:
1) A Student Mark Analysis System to allow students and faculty to view marks and generate report cards. Key modules include generating and distributing report cards, updating grades, and viewing grades. UML diagrams like use case, class, sequence, and deployment diagrams are developed.
2) An Online Quiz Management System to organize quiz programs and produce results. The system will be developed using UML components and offers reliability and efficiency.
Both case studies involve analyzing requirements, designing the system using UML diagrams in Rational Rose, and developing the necessary software engineering methodology and documentation for the projects.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges presented by the Internet of Things (IoT). It notes that IoT is expected to have a $3.9-11.1 trillion economic impact annually by 2025. While IoT allows for new revenue streams and improved user experiences, developing IoT projects faces many underestimated costs around hardware, software, cloud services, and security. The complexity of connecting and managing devices across end nodes, gateways and the cloud often results in delayed projects. Samsung's ARTIK IoT platform aims to address these challenges by providing a complete end-to-end solution for developing, connecting, managing and analyzing IoT devices and data.
IoT is a combination of hardware and software technology that produces trillions of data through connecting multiple devices and sensors with the cloud and making sense of data with intelligent tools
IoT in Healthcare is a heterogeneous computing, wirelessly communicating system of apps and devices that connects patients and health providers to diagnose, monitor, track and store vital statistics and medical information.
1) The document summarizes an internship project to build a low-cost asynchronous web server using an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.
2) The project measures real-time temperature and humidity data and sends it to a web server.
3) Key hardware components included the ESP32, DHT11 sensor, jumper wires, and breadboard. The Arduino IDE was used as the software tool to program the ESP32 and interface it with the DHT11 sensor. Real-time temperature and humidity data was successfully obtained and displayed.
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a upcoming field which aims to provided any time, any place, anywhere connectivity by seamlessly integrating devices with solutions. In this presentation we have shared some of the real time product design challenges with IoT. The presentation was done in the Electronics Rocks conference held at NIMHANS convention center, Bengaluru, India
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that allows objects to connect and exchange data over the internet. IoT creates opportunities to remotely sense and control objects across networks, improving efficiency. Things in IoT include devices like heart monitors, farm animal tags, sensors in cars, and environmental sensors. These devices collect data using technologies and autonomously share it. IoT requires connectivity between things, intelligence to interpret sensor data, and scalability to handle increased connections.
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as the concept of connecting physical objects to the internet and being able to identify, sense and communicate with those objects. It describes how IoT allows both people and devices to communicate with each other and exchange data. Some key applications of IoT mentioned are smart homes, smart cities, industrial automation, logistics and supply chain management. The document also outlines several challenges to the large-scale implementation of IoT such as issues relating to privacy, security, standardization, and developing energy sources for billions of connected devices.
This document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses that IoT allows us to receive more data, control devices remotely, and automate processes. The IoT ecosystem consists of sensors that collect data, local processing and storage, a network to transmit data, cloud computing for storage and analysis. Early IoT projects used microcontrollers like Arduino and full computers like Raspberry Pi. Common IoT hardware now includes a variety of boards and modules. Software is used for prototyping, professional programming, and collecting/analyzing data from IoT devices.
How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends:
Exposing the device to a management framework
Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic
Exposing that business layer and data to end users.
This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles between cloud, APIs and native hardware/software configurations.
COCOMO model | How to calculate effort, staffing and Duration of ProjectNavjyotsinh Jadeja
ย
The COCOMO model is a software cost estimation model that classifies projects into three categories - organic, semi-detached, and embedded - based on team experience and project complexity. It uses effort, duration, and staffing constant values that vary for each project category to calculate the effort required to build software based on lines of code. The purpose is to help estimate effort, staffing needs, and costs for a project based on its characteristics and the constant values table provided by the COCOMO model.
The document discusses Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools and their classification. It describes that CASE tools automate methods for designing, documenting, and producing structured computer code. CASE tools are classified as upper, lower, and integrated. Upper CASE tools support requirements analysis and design. Lower CASE tools focus on implementation, testing, and documentation. Integrated CASE tools aim to support the entire development lifecycle.
This document discusses computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools and their use in supporting the systems development life cycle. It describes the objectives and components of CASE tools, including upper CASE tools for analysis and design, lower CASE tools for implementation, and cross life-cycle tools. The document also discusses CASE repositories for storing design documents and generating code, as well as visual and emerging development tools like object-oriented tools.
Augmented reality (AR) combines real and virtual images, is interactive in real-time, and has virtual content registered in 3D space. The document traces the history of AR from early experimentation in the 1960s-1980s to mainstream commercial applications today. Key developments include the first head-mounted display in 1968, mobile phone AR in the 2000s, and consumer products like Google Glass. The document also provides examples of AR applications in various domains such as marketing, gaming, manufacturing, and healthcare.
As new technologies are emerging, It is giving rise to immersive and seamless interactions between devices and systems. This in turn giving rise to different use cases which has brought about many disruptions and innovations in last couple of years. Internet of things (IOT) has given a new outlook in which systems are getting developed, integrated and delivered.
www.facebook.com/iotians
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that enables the collection and exchange of data. Key components that drive IoT include sensors that detect information, connectivity that allows communication over the internet, and people and processes that analyze and take action based on the data. Some advantages of IoT are more efficient resource utilization, minimized human effort through automation, and time savings. The document outlines current and potential future applications of IoT but also notes there are challenges to widespread adoption.
The document discusses use case modeling. It defines use cases as narrative descriptions of domain processes in a structured prose format. It describes key concepts like actors, scenarios, and the relationships between use cases such as include and extend. It provides guidelines for writing use cases, including identifying the system boundary, primary actors, and their goals to derive use cases. It also describes different styles and levels of detail for writing use cases.
IoT and connected devices: an overviewPascal Bodin
ย
This is the presentation I use as a support to my 9 hour-long talk to postgraduate students of a French Telecom and Electronics Master. The idea is to provide them with a broad view, including some non-technical domains.
This document discusses wireless sensor networks and their role in the Internet of Things. It defines sensor networks and their architecture, noting that they consist of many low-power sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly to share sensed data. The document outlines challenges for sensor networks like fault tolerance, scalability, and energy efficiency. It also describes how sensor networks can be integrated into the Internet of Things by connecting to the Internet through gateways or dual-function sensor nodes. This allows sensed data to be aggregated and analyzed at a larger scale.
Extending the current Internet and providing connection, communication, and inter-networking between devices and physical objects, or "Things," is a growing trend that is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
โThe technologies and solutions that enable integration of real world data and services into the current information networking technologies are often described under the umbrella term of the Internet of Things (IoT)โ
The document discusses the future of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical devices to exchange data and integrate the physical world into computer systems. The architecture of IoT is described as having four layers - a sensor layer to collect real-time data, a gateway layer to support communication, a service layer to analyze data, and an application layer for user interfaces. Challenges of IoT include scalability, standardization, and data volumes. Applications are in smart homes, cities, grids, cars, health, and supply chains. The future of IoT is vast due to advances enabling integration across devices.
The document describes the design of two software engineering case studies using Rational Rose:
1) A Student Mark Analysis System to allow students and faculty to view marks and generate report cards. Key modules include generating and distributing report cards, updating grades, and viewing grades. UML diagrams like use case, class, sequence, and deployment diagrams are developed.
2) An Online Quiz Management System to organize quiz programs and produce results. The system will be developed using UML components and offers reliability and efficiency.
Both case studies involve analyzing requirements, designing the system using UML diagrams in Rational Rose, and developing the necessary software engineering methodology and documentation for the projects.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges presented by the Internet of Things (IoT). It notes that IoT is expected to have a $3.9-11.1 trillion economic impact annually by 2025. While IoT allows for new revenue streams and improved user experiences, developing IoT projects faces many underestimated costs around hardware, software, cloud services, and security. The complexity of connecting and managing devices across end nodes, gateways and the cloud often results in delayed projects. Samsung's ARTIK IoT platform aims to address these challenges by providing a complete end-to-end solution for developing, connecting, managing and analyzing IoT devices and data.
IoT is a combination of hardware and software technology that produces trillions of data through connecting multiple devices and sensors with the cloud and making sense of data with intelligent tools
IoT in Healthcare is a heterogeneous computing, wirelessly communicating system of apps and devices that connects patients and health providers to diagnose, monitor, track and store vital statistics and medical information.
1) The document summarizes an internship project to build a low-cost asynchronous web server using an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.
2) The project measures real-time temperature and humidity data and sends it to a web server.
3) Key hardware components included the ESP32, DHT11 sensor, jumper wires, and breadboard. The Arduino IDE was used as the software tool to program the ESP32 and interface it with the DHT11 sensor. Real-time temperature and humidity data was successfully obtained and displayed.
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a upcoming field which aims to provided any time, any place, anywhere connectivity by seamlessly integrating devices with solutions. In this presentation we have shared some of the real time product design challenges with IoT. The presentation was done in the Electronics Rocks conference held at NIMHANS convention center, Bengaluru, India
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software, and sensors that allows objects to connect and exchange data over the internet. IoT creates opportunities to remotely sense and control objects across networks, improving efficiency. Things in IoT include devices like heart monitors, farm animal tags, sensors in cars, and environmental sensors. These devices collect data using technologies and autonomously share it. IoT requires connectivity between things, intelligence to interpret sensor data, and scalability to handle increased connections.
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as the concept of connecting physical objects to the internet and being able to identify, sense and communicate with those objects. It describes how IoT allows both people and devices to communicate with each other and exchange data. Some key applications of IoT mentioned are smart homes, smart cities, industrial automation, logistics and supply chain management. The document also outlines several challenges to the large-scale implementation of IoT such as issues relating to privacy, security, standardization, and developing energy sources for billions of connected devices.
This document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses that IoT allows us to receive more data, control devices remotely, and automate processes. The IoT ecosystem consists of sensors that collect data, local processing and storage, a network to transmit data, cloud computing for storage and analysis. Early IoT projects used microcontrollers like Arduino and full computers like Raspberry Pi. Common IoT hardware now includes a variety of boards and modules. Software is used for prototyping, professional programming, and collecting/analyzing data from IoT devices.
How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends:
Exposing the device to a management framework
Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic
Exposing that business layer and data to end users.
This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles between cloud, APIs and native hardware/software configurations.
COCOMO model | How to calculate effort, staffing and Duration of ProjectNavjyotsinh Jadeja
ย
The COCOMO model is a software cost estimation model that classifies projects into three categories - organic, semi-detached, and embedded - based on team experience and project complexity. It uses effort, duration, and staffing constant values that vary for each project category to calculate the effort required to build software based on lines of code. The purpose is to help estimate effort, staffing needs, and costs for a project based on its characteristics and the constant values table provided by the COCOMO model.
The document discusses Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools and their classification. It describes that CASE tools automate methods for designing, documenting, and producing structured computer code. CASE tools are classified as upper, lower, and integrated. Upper CASE tools support requirements analysis and design. Lower CASE tools focus on implementation, testing, and documentation. Integrated CASE tools aim to support the entire development lifecycle.
This document discusses computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools and their use in supporting the systems development life cycle. It describes the objectives and components of CASE tools, including upper CASE tools for analysis and design, lower CASE tools for implementation, and cross life-cycle tools. The document also discusses CASE repositories for storing design documents and generating code, as well as visual and emerging development tools like object-oriented tools.
The document discusses Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools. It defines CASE as the use of software tools to assist in software development and maintenance. It outlines that CASE tools can help improve quality, maintenance and project management. The document then describes different types of CASE tools, including diagramming, process modeling, project management, documentation, analysis, design, configuration management, programming, prototyping and quality assurance tools. It concludes that CASE tools can increase productivity, decrease costs and enhance product quality when used appropriately.
1. CASE tools are software used to support various activities in the software development process by automating some activities and providing information about the software.
2. CASE tools have several key components including diagramming tools, central repositories, report generators, documentation generators, and code generators.
3. CASE tools can be categorized as upper CASE tools which focus on analysis, lower CASE tools which focus on programming and integration, or integrated CASE tools which support the entire process.
This document discusses SQL and relational database management systems. It provides definitions of SQL, DML, DDL, and DCL. Common SQL commands like select, delete, update, and insert are listed. The differences between database management systems and relational database management systems are explained. Examples of database systems like Microsoft Access and SQL Server are provided. Finally, some sample tables for a library database are shown, along with recommendations to computerize the library's customer service and use RFID chips and access restrictions for security.
Structured Approach to Solution ArchitectureAlan McSweeney
ย
The role of solution architecture is to identify answer to a business problem and set of solution options and their components. There will be many potential solutions to a problem with varying degrees of suitability to the underlying business need. Solution options are derived from a combination of Solution Architecture Dimensions/Views which describe characteristics, features, qualities, requirements and Solution Design Factors, Limitations And Boundaries which delineate limitations. Use of structured approach can assist with solution design to create consistency. The TOGAF approach to enterprise architecture can be adapted to perform some of the analysis and design for elements of Solution Architecture Dimensions/Views.
The document discusses use case diagrams and use case descriptions for modeling system requirements. It covers drawing use case diagrams to show functional requirements and actors, common mistakes, and writing use case descriptions including basic, alternate, and exception flows of events. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand use cases for requirements modeling.
The document discusses use case diagrams and modeling. Use case diagrams capture system requirements and define interactions between actors and the system. Components include actors, represented by stick figures, and use cases, represented by ellipses. Use cases describe a unit of work and can include name, description, requirements, constraints, and scenarios. Relationships between use cases include include, extend, and inherit. Include references a lower-level use case. Extend adds additional sequences. Inherit replaces scenarios. Boundaries show actors outside and use cases inside the system. Steps should show actor goals, not interfaces.
This document discusses use case diagrams and how to create them. It covers use case elements like actors, relationships, and flows. Guidelines are provided for writing use cases and creating use case diagrams. The document also describes how to estimate project size and effort using use case points, which involves classifying actors and use cases, applying technical and environmental factors, and calculating adjusted use case points and estimated effort.
Lab 3 Introduction to the UML - how to create a use case diagramFarah Ahmed
ย
The document discusses use case diagrams and use case modeling. It provides an overview of use case diagrams, including their purpose and components. Key points include:
- Use case diagrams show interactions between actors and the system/software being modeled through use cases. They are used early in development to capture requirements and later to specify system behavior.
- Components of a use case diagram include actors, use cases, and relationships between them like generalization, include, and extend. Actors represent roles that interact with the system while use cases represent system functions/processes.
- Examples of a use case diagram for a vehicle sales system are provided to demonstrate how actors, use cases, and relationships can be modeled visually. Guidance is
The document discusses system modeling as part of the requirements engineering process. It describes different types of models used to represent systems, including context models, behavioral models, data models, and object models. Specific modeling notations are introduced, such as data flow diagrams, state machines, and entity-relationship diagrams. Examples are provided to illustrate modeling concepts for systems like an ATM, order processing, and a microwave oven. The goal of system modeling is to help analysts understand system functionality from different perspectives to communicate requirements.
The document discusses use cases and use case diagrams. It defines a use case as a description of a set of sequences of actions that a system performs to yield an observable result for an actor. Actors can be human users or other systems. Use cases specify what a system does without specifying how. Relationships like generalization, inclusion, and extension are used to organize use cases. A use case diagram visually depicts the actors and their interactions with the system's use cases.
The document provides guidelines for creating effective poster presentations, including using images to guide layout instead of text, avoiding clutter, ensuring good color contrast, and proper alignment. It also highlights examples of poor presentation qualities like misaligned text, distracting backgrounds, and too much unbroken text without guiding images. Overall, the guidelines emphasize using a clear underlying structure, breaking up long passages with bullets or numbers, and trimming content down to only what is directly pertinent to the topic.
The document discusses various modeling techniques used in requirements analysis for web applications (WebApps), including:
1) Content modeling to identify and describe all content objects and their relationships.
2) Interaction modeling using use cases, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and prototypes to describe how users interact.
3) Functional modeling to define all necessary operations and processing functions implied by usage scenarios.
The techniques help analysts understand WebApp requirements by modeling key elements like content, interactions, and functions.
Unit 4- Software Engineering System Model Notes arvind pandey
ย
This document discusses system modeling techniques used in software engineering. It covers context models, behavioral models, data models, object models, and CASE workbenches. Different types of models present the system from external, behavioral, and structural perspectives. Common model types include data processing, composition, architectural, and classification models. The document provides examples of context models, state machine models, data flow diagrams, and object models. It also discusses semantic data models, object behavior modeling with sequence diagrams, and components of analysis and design workbenches.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a general-purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. UML uses graphical notation to represent the design of software projects including concepts like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and more. It provides a standard way to visualize a system from different perspectives including structural and behavioral views.
The document provides information on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and its various diagrams used for modeling software systems. It discusses the background and benefits of object-oriented modeling. It then describes UML as a modeling language comprising various diagram types to capture different views of a system, including structural, behavioral, implementation and user views. Specific diagram types covered include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and object diagrams. Examples are provided for each diagram type to illustrate their elements and notation.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD), including an introduction to basic OO principles like encapsulation, abstraction, hierarchy, and modularity. It then covers various techniques for object-oriented analysis like noun lists and use cases. Finally, it discusses the process of transforming analysis models into design models using object-oriented design.
The document discusses the differences between analysis and design in software development. Analysis determines what the system needs to do, while design determines how the system will do it. It provides examples of identifying design elements such as classes, subsystems, and interfaces from analysis models. The document outlines steps for identifying design elements, including identifying classes and subsystems, subsystem interfaces, reuse opportunities, and updating the design model.
This document is a project report submitted by D.Surya Teja to fulfill requirements for the CS 361 Mini Project Lab at Acharya Nagarjuna University. The report describes the development of a Placement Management System to manage student and company information for university career services. It identifies key actors like students, recruiters, and administrators. Several use cases are defined including registration, validation, and other interactions between actors and the system. The document also covers analysis diagrams, class diagrams, relationships between classes, and system deployment.
The document discusses various interaction diagrams used in modeling systems, including use case diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, and state charts. It provides examples and definitions for each type of diagram. For use case diagrams, it explains actors, scenarios, and different notations. Sequence diagrams show the sequence and timing of messages between objects to illustrate object interactions. Activity diagrams model business processes and workflows showing the flow of activities. State chart diagrams use states and transitions to model an object's behavior in response to events. The document also includes exercises to create interaction diagrams for various example systems and processes.
This document contains summaries of different modeling techniques including:
1. A structure diagram contains objects and connections to model organizational structures. It is often used as a starting point for various company views.
2. A process landscape structures a company's processes into management, core, and support processes to describe scenarios and refine process areas.
3. An event-driven process chain (EPC) models processes as a sequence of events, functions, and rules to describe activities, participants, data, systems, and risks.
4. A BPMN collaboration diagram models interactions between participants like in a business-to-business context using pools, message flows, gateways, and other elements.
5. A
Use cases represent functionality from the user's perspective and define the system's boundaries. This document discusses use cases, use case diagrams, and relationships between use cases such as include, extend, and inheritance. It provides examples and guidelines for using these relationships to organize and decompose complex use cases. While these relationships are useful for use case organization, the document leaves open the question of whether they are sufficient.
A flowchart is a diagram that represents a process or system. It uses standard symbols to show the steps in a process and their order. Flowcharts help communicate processes between teams and identify areas for improvement. There are different types of flowcharts for different purposes, such as basic flowcharts for work processes, data flow diagrams for information processes, and program flowcharts for algorithms. Flowcharts should be created through group discussion to ensure all steps are captured.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
Six Sigma is a business management strategy originally developed by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986 to improve processes and minimize defects. It aims for near perfect processes, with 99.99966% defect-free products or 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Six Sigma identifies roles like Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts to lead projects using DMAIC or DMADV methodologies. While effective for process improvement, critics argue Six Sigma may lack originality, oversell consulting services, and focus narrowly on existing processes rather than innovation. Some also question its arbitrary standards and assumptions about normal distributions.
A run chart, or run sequence plot, is a graph that displays observed data over time to identify patterns or anomalies. It plots the observed variable on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. A central reference line, like the median, is often included. Run charts are used to detect shifts or outliers in processes over time that could indicate factors influencing variability. They provide a simple way to visualize univariate time series data and identify changes without the control limits of statistical process control charts.
Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement originally developed by Motorola. It aims to reduce process variation and defects through the DMAIC methodology of define, measure, analyze, improve, and control. Key roles include Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts and Green Belts who work on projects to close the gap between current and six sigma performance of 3.4 defects per million opportunities. While an effective quality improvement strategy, some criticize Six Sigma for overselling by consultants and an overemphasis on short-term goals over disruptive innovation.
1. Software quality management models can help set defect removal targets and guide quality improvement strategies.
2. The Rayleigh model illustrates how earlier and lower defect removal can be achieved by reducing the error injection rate and increasing front-end defect removal.
3. Tracking actual defect removal against the model targets does not clearly indicate whether variance is due to differences in error injection rates or review/inspection effectiveness, so additional indicators are needed for proper interpretation.
A Pareto chart is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph used to assess the most frequently occurring defects by category. It arranges issues in descending order of frequency so the cumulative line shows how much of the total frequency is covered by each category. This allows identification of the most important issues to address to maximize impact on reducing the total frequency. Pareto charts are one of the seven basic tools of quality control and can be created in spreadsheet programs or statistical software.
The document describes Kaoru Ishikawa and the Ishikawa diagram, also known as a fishbone diagram or cause-and-effect diagram. It was developed by Ishikawa to help teams visualize and analyze the potential causes of a particular problem or effect. The diagram structures causes into main categories, typically including methods, machines, materials, measurements, management, manpower, and environment. It then maps potential causes in each category that could contribute to the problem or effect. The document provides examples of using the diagram to analyze the causes of increased productivity in a company and excessive paper drop in a printing process.
The document discusses histograms, which are graphical representations used to assess the probability distribution of a variable. Histograms consist of bars representing frequency or probability distributions in intervals. They were first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1895 to estimate the probability distribution of a continuous variable. Histograms provide a visual impression of the distribution of data and are one of the seven basic tools of quality control.
1. Customer satisfaction surveys are used to ensure customers have positive experiences and to understand future purchasing patterns.
2. There are various ways to obtain customer feedback, such as telephone calls, complaints, visits, and advisory councils.
3. The three most common survey methods are face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and mailed questionnaires, each with their own advantages and limitations.
This document discusses various software quality metrics including lines of code count, defect density as it relates to size, cyclomatic complexity, fan-in/fan-out, and other structural and data complexity metrics. It provides empirical data on the relationship between size and defects, defines key metrics like cyclomatic complexity, and discusses how these metrics can help evaluate software quality and estimate testing effort.
The check sheet is a simple document used to collect quality-related data in real-time. It is designed for quickly and efficiently recording desired quantitative or qualitative information through checks or marks. Common types include classification, location, frequency, and measurement scale check sheets. The check sheet is one of the seven basic tools of quality control.
The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) provides organizations with guidelines for improving their processes. It defines key process areas and maturity levels for activities like project planning, risk management, and configuration management. An organization is appraised against CMMI practices rather than certified. The appraisal determines their maturity level or capability level to identify improvement areas. CMMI uses both staged and continuous appraisal approaches.
A structure chart is a top-down diagram that shows the breakdown of a system into manageable sub-modules. It represents each module as a box with lines connecting them to show relationships. Structure charts are used in software engineering to plan program structure and divide a problem into smaller tasks. They provide a hierarchical visualization of how a program or system is decomposed.
The document describes seven management and planning tools that were developed from operations research after World War II and Japanese quality control methods. The seven tools are affinity diagram, interrelationship diagraph, tree diagram, prioritization matrix, matrix diagram, process decision program chart, and activity network diagram. Each tool is used for organizing information, analyzing relationships, breaking concepts into finer levels of detail, prioritizing items, showing relationships between items, planning tasks and identifying risks, and planning task sequences.
A scatter plot displays values for two variables from a data set as a collection of points, with one variable determining the horizontal position and the other determining the vertical position. Scatter plots can reveal correlations between variables, such as positive, negative, or no correlation. They are useful for visualizing nonlinear relationships and comparing two data sets. An example shows lung capacity on the x-axis and breath holding time on the y-axis for a study of individuals.
The document discusses software quality management and quality management systems. It defines a quality management system as having an organizational structure, procedures, processes, and resources to implement quality management. A quality management system should include quality assurance and quality improvement functions. There are five key components of a quality management system: organizational structure, procedures, processes, resources, and responsibilities. The goal is to assign responsibility for quality and ensure each employee is responsible for quality.
This document discusses different types of diagrams used for quality management including affinity diagrams, tree diagrams, matrix charts, process decision program charts, and arrow diagrams. It explains that a relations diagram is useful for analyzing relationships and fits well with how people naturally think about connections between ideas. The relations diagram is formed through brainstorming sessions, interviews, analysis, and verification and can be supplemented with additional tools.
1) Software reliability models estimate the defect rate and quality of software either through static attributes or dynamic testing patterns.
2) Dynamic models like the Rayleigh and Weibull distributions use statistical analysis of defect patterns over time to project future reliability. Finding and removing defects earlier in the development process leads to better quality in later stages.
3) Accuracy of estimates from reliability models depends on the input data and how well the model fits the specific organization. No single model works for all situations.
1. Defect removal effectiveness measures the percentage of defects found by a particular development activity compared to the total defects present.
2. Several metrics have been proposed to measure defect removal effectiveness, including error detection efficiency, removal efficiency, early detection percentage, and phase containment effectiveness.
3. Studies have shown that defect removal effectiveness tends to increase with higher levels of software process maturity based on the CMM, with level 1 organizations having around 85% effectiveness and level 5 organizations around 95% effectiveness.
Customer satisfaction data is collected through surveys to ensure customers have positive experiences and will make future purchases. There are various methods to collect feedback, including phone calls, complaints, visits, and surveys. Common survey methods are face-to-face interviews, phone interviews, and mailed questionnaires, each with their own advantages and limitations. Proper sampling methods, like random sampling, are used to estimate satisfaction levels of large customer populations efficiently. Sample size depends on desired confidence level and margin of error. Results are often shown as the percentage of customers satisfied.
Special Meetup Edition - TDX Bengaluru Meetup #52.pptxshyamraj55
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Weโre bringing the TDX energy to our community with 2 power-packed sessions:
๐ ๏ธ Workshop: MuleSoft for Agentforce
Explore the new version of our hands-on workshop featuring the latest Topic Center and API Catalog updates.
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Download your free copy nowand implement the key findings to improve your business.
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Book industry standards are evolving rapidly. In the first part of this session, weโll share an overview of key developments from 2024 and the early months of 2025. Then, BookNetโs resident standards expert, Tom Richardson, and CEO, Lauren Stewart, have a forward-looking conversation about whatโs next.
Link to recording, transcript, and accompanying resource: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/standardsgoals-for-2025-standards-certification-roundup/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 6, 2025 with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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๐๐จ ๐ผ๐ ๐๐ช๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐? ๐๐ง ๐๐จ ๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ง ๐ฎ๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐๐ช๐จ๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐จ ๐ฃ๐๐๐๐จ?
Everyoneโs talking about AI but is anyone really using it to create real value?
Most companies want to leverage AI. Few know ๐ต๐ผ๐.
โ What exactly should you ask to find real AI opportunities?
โ Which AI techniques actually fit your business?
โ Is your data even ready for AI?
If youโre not sure, youโre not alone. This is a condensed version of the slides I presented at a Linkedin webinar for Tecnovy on 28.04.2025.
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Precision in data labeling = Precision on the production floor.
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This infographic contains:
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Keep up-to-date on how AI is reshaping privacy standards and what this entails for both individuals and organizations.
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I started my online journey with several hosting services before stumbling upon Ai EngineHost. At first, the idea of paying one fee and getting lifetime access seemed too good to pass up. The platform is built on reliable US-based servers, ensuring your projects run at high speeds and remain safe. Let me take you step by step through its benefits and features as I explain why this hosting solution is a perfect fit for digital entrepreneurs.
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In late April 2025, a significant portion of Europe, particularly Spain, Portugal, and parts of southern France, experienced widespread, rolling power outages that continue to affect millions of residents, businesses, and infrastructure systems.
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CASE TOOLS Questions
1. Object Type Questions Roy Antony Arnold G Teaching Associate Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Arunai Engineering College Tiruvannamalai
2. SSD is a picture that shows for a particular scenario of a use case the events that external actors generate, their order and inter-system events. SSDs are part of the Use-Case Model. SSDs can also be used to illustrate collaborations between systems. System events and their associated system operations can be expressed in terms of the physical input medium or interface widget level. An SSD should be done for the main success scenario of the use case and frequent or complex alternative scenarios. It is sometimes desirable to show at least fragments of the use case text for the scenario to enhance the two views
4. Interaction Diagrams Activity Diagrams Package Diagrams State Diagrams Class Diagrams
5. Interaction Diagrams Activity Diagrams Package Diagrams State Diagrams Class Diagrams
6. Analyzing a use case Understanding workflow Describing a complicated sequential algorithm Dealing with multithreaded applications Procedural flow of control Representing complex conditional logic
9. Interaction Diagrams Activity Diagrams Package Diagrams State Diagrams Class Diagrams
10. Activity Diagrams Package Diagrams State Diagrams Class Diagrams Sequence Diagrams
11. Activity Diagrams Package Diagrams State Diagrams Class Diagrams Sequence Diagrams
12. shows behavior with control structure can show many objects over many uses can show many objects in a single use case or implementation of method encourages parallel behavior All of the above "a", "b" and "d" only
13. Actions are associated with transition and are considered to be processes that occur quickly and are not interruptible. Actions are associated with transition and are considered to be processes that occur quickly and are interruptible. Activities are associated with states and can take longer. An activity may be interrupted by some event. Activities are associated with transition that occur quickly and are not interruptible. Activities are associated with states and can take longer. An activity cannot be interrupted by any event.
14. From nouns in a text description Look for units of interaction Look for places where things or objects come to rest Interview Domain Experts. All of the above "a" , "b" and "c" only "a" and "c" only
15. Model A Model B Model A or Model B None of the above MODEL A DIAGRAM MODEL B
16. Model P1 Model P2 Model P3 MODEL P1 MODEL P2 MODEL P3
18. Use case driven Data driven Responsibility driven All of the above "a" and "c" only "b" and "c" only
19. book, journal, copy (of book), library member, member of staff item, copy (of book), library member, member of staff item, library member, member of staff system, rule, week, item, member
20. a list of classes another Package diagram class diagram All of the above "b" and "c" only "a" and "b" only
21. Use case diagrams fulfill a specific purpose : to document the actors (everything outside the system scope), the use cases (everything inside the system scope), and their relationships. Generalizations as well as other types of associations can be modelled between actors. Includes, Extends and other types of associations can be drawn directly between two use cases. Every use case must be initiated by an actor. The exception here is an includes or extends relationship.
23. This describes the System Dynamics of Bottom-Up Design approach. This describes the System Dynamics of Top-Down Design approach.
24. Pareto Diagrams Fishbone Diagrams Mind mapping Brainstorming Event Analysis Actor-Goal List
25. In Object Oriented Analysis, the dimension of decomposition is fundamentally by things or entities in the domain. It is better to over-specify overspecify a domain model with lots of fine-grained conceptual classes, than to underspecify it. It is better to oversimplify a domain model with lots of coarse-grained conceptual classes, than to underspecify it. In Object Oriented Analysis, the dimension of decomposition is use cases.
26. A subsystem is a package that has separate specification and realization parts. A subsystem is a discrete entity that has behavior and interfaces. A subsystem can be identified by the stereotype <<subsystem>> A subsystem is a package that has specification part only