CCNA Routing Protocols
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The document covers various aspects of router configuration and network routing theories as part of a Cisco CCNA course. It discusses static and dynamic routing, including the configuration of default routes and administrative distances. Additionally, it contrasts distance vector and link state routing protocols, providing examples and commands for network routing scenarios.
![Default Route
What the purpose of this tiny program?
» For (i=0 ; i<9 ; i++)
» If num[i] == 0
» Cout<< “action Acknowledged!”;
» Else Cout << “action not acknowledged!”;
When the code visits “0” an action will be performed, else it can
not be Done! So the default route acts as same as this code!
If the host packets destination
don’t match the local address:
172.16.1.0 , it will be forwarded
out of the network Via Router B ,
interface: 172.16.2.1
if requests on this network don’t match
the 172.16.1.0 Network Address
Default Route Acknowledged
else
Default Route not Acknowledged
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/routingprotocolspart01-140405121314-phpapp02/85/CCNA-Routing-Protocols-14-320.jpg)
![Problem Solution
Test Results using command (A):
» A#show ip route
» Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
» D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
» N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
» E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
» i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
» * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
» P - periodic downloaded static route
» Gateway of last resort is not set
» 172.16.0.0/18 is subnetted, 3 subnets
» C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
» C 172.16.64.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
» S 172.16.128.0 [1/0] via 172.16.63.254
» A#
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/routingprotocolspart01-140405121314-phpapp02/85/CCNA-Routing-Protocols-20-320.jpg)
![Problem Solution
Test Results using command (B):
» Router#show ip route
» Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
» D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
» N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
» E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
» i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
» * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
» P - periodic downloaded static route
» Gateway of last resort is 172.16.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0
» 172.16.0.0/18 is subnetted, 2 subnets
» C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
» C 172.16.128.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
» S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/routingprotocolspart01-140405121314-phpapp02/85/CCNA-Routing-Protocols-21-320.jpg)
CCNA Routing Protocols
- 2. Connection Methods Back to Back is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc. Connection Methods Different Geography is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc. Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 3. Back to Back Method Configurations: one Router act as DTE and another one act as a DCE. first of all use Router#show Running-Config to see what the serial port full name? if serial port doesn’t exist you must add it physically. if exist follow these steps: Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router(config-if)#BandWidth 64 (Mbps ; too important in routing protocols) Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 4. In a different Geography This is Done by CSU/DSU Modem , when we are using communication infrastructure in a country this device configure parameters automatically for the best connectivity, so CSU/DSU modem is the best solution for this scenario. Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 5. LOGO Routing Fundamentals Routing Algorithms Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 6. An introduction to Routing Connected scenario In this scenario router connected to the destination directly via own interfaces. Routing Theory Learned scenario in this scenario router didn’t connected directly to the destination but can learn destination via other routers nearby. Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 7. Learned VS Connected Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 8. An introduction to Routing Static Routing As an administrator of network you know all details about the infrastructure of network. You Teach to the router how to route! Routing Methods Dynamic Routing In this scenario Learning Process is are Automatically Done bye Router Router Learn Routes from neighbors Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 9. Static Routing Example Tehran Institute of Technology Stub network is a Local Network Network address of stub network is different from destination , so simple ping command will fail intentionally. Stub network packets has only one way (just one gateway) to access Internet Left network has internet access Router A act as a Gateway to respond requests from Stub Network Network address of this network is different from B network , So ping command will fail intentionally via one host on network A. Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 10. Static Routing Example Tehran Institute of Technology The host want to access to www.google.com The respond for host request is not here! , not found on this network !! So the request must get out here to find answer The solution is redirect all traffic from stub network to outside Via Router B , Interface: 172.16.2.1 Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 11. Static Routing Example Tehran Institute of Technology Geography Connection between Routers Via “Serial Interface” , so redirected traffic will flow @ this line and will accepted by Router A via interface: 172.16.2.2 Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 12. Static Routing Example Tehran Institute of Technology So we need to configure a static route right over here! to tell this router, forward the packets to 172.16.2.1 if the packet’s destination was Stub Network. Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 13. Static Routing Example Tehran Institute of Technology What the Configuration on Router B? Default Route The answer to this question require a new Topic Called. . . Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 14. Default Route What the purpose of this tiny program? » For (i=0 ; i<9 ; i++) » If num[i] == 0 » Cout<< “action Acknowledged!”; » Else Cout << “action not acknowledged!”; When the code visits “0” an action will be performed, else it can not be Done! So the default route acts as same as this code! If the host packets destination don’t match the local address: 172.16.1.0 , it will be forwarded out of the network Via Router B , interface: 172.16.2.1 if requests on this network don’t match the 172.16.1.0 Network Address Default Route Acknowledged else Default Route not Acknowledged Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 15. Static Route VS Default Route Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 16. CCNA Lab Purpose: Ping 172.16.64.2/18 from 172.168.128.3/18 and get reply message! Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 17. Static Route Configurations IP Route Command Parameters Network: nonlocal network that we want to specify a route to. Mask: Netmask of nonlocal network Address | Interface: IP address of neighbor Router (@ Point – to - Point) – We can use interface name instead of interface IP Address. Distance: Default value is 1 (Administrative Distance) Permanent: static route entry will not shown on routing table if router suddenly disconnected, so if you want to show this static route on the table use this switch! Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 18. Problem Solution First Step: Define a Route to 172.16.128.0 /18 Via 172.16.63.254 /18 A(config)#Ip route 172.16.128.0 255.255.192.0 172.16.63.254 Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 19. Problem Solution Second Step (Default Route) : Access all networks connected to Router “A” B(config)#Ip Route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.1 Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 20. Problem Solution Test Results using command (A): » A#show ip route » Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP » D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area » N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 » E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP » i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area » * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR » P - periodic downloaded static route » Gateway of last resort is not set » 172.16.0.0/18 is subnetted, 3 subnets » C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 » C 172.16.64.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 » S 172.16.128.0 [1/0] via 172.16.63.254 » A# Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 21. Problem Solution Test Results using command (B): » Router#show ip route » Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP » D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area » N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 » E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP » i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area » * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR » P - periodic downloaded static route » Gateway of last resort is 172.16.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0 » 172.16.0.0/18 is subnetted, 2 subnets » C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0 » C 172.16.128.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 » S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1 Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 22. Autonomous System The classic definition of an Autonomous System is a set of routers under a single technical administration, using an interior gateway protocol (IGP) and common metrics to determine how to route packets within the AS, and using an inter-AS routing protocol to determine how to route packets to other Ases. Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 23. Universal Categories for Protocols IGPs Interior Gateway Protocols All Protocols inside an Autonomous System. Routing Protocol Types EGPs Exterior Gateway Protocols All Protocols Between Autonomous System. Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 24. Administrative Distance (Ranking Routes) Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology
- 25. Administrative Distance (Ranking Routes) The answer for this question is based on Default Administrative Distance Minimum Value will considered as a best Route! Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology
- 26. Administrative Distance (Ranking Routes) Based on AD Table Router will choose this Route Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology
- 27. IGP & EGP Summary Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 28. Dynamic Routing Protocols Link State Distance Vector Hybrid Routing Dynamic Routing Protocols Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology
- 29. Distance Vector Routers using distance-vector protocol do not have knowledge of the entire path to a destination. Instead they use two methods: 1. Direction in which router or exit interface a packet should be forwarded. 2. Distance from its destination Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology
- 30. Link State A complex routing protocol that shares information with other routers in order to determine the best path. IS-IS was the first comprehensive link state protocol, and OSPF and NLSP evolved from it. Link state protocols use characteristics of the route such as speed and cost as well as current congestion to determine the best path, which is typically computed by the Dijkstra algorithm. Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 31. Distance Vector VS Link State Distance Vector Link StateVS Tell my neighbors who I know about How far they are Use shortest route Tell everyone who my neighbors are Build Map – Graph Use Graph algorithms to route Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology
- 32. Hybrid Routing Has both characteristics of Distance Vector and link state Vector Tehran Institute of Technology Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014
- 33. Routing Infrastructure RIP IGRP OSPF Text Static Algorithms Routing Infrastructure Link State Course name: Cisco CCNA Instructor: Mansour.nch Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology Copyright 2014 Tehran Institute of Technology EIGRP Distance Vector Default
- 34. LOGO Tehran Institute of Technology www.Win2Farsi.com