Certification guide series ibm tivoli usage and accounting manager v7.1 implementation sg247692

Front cover

Certification Guide Series:
IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1
Implementation
Detailed architecture and components
discussion

Installation and configuration
processing

Monitoring IT usage and
chargebacks

Budi Darmawan

ibm.com/redbooks

International Technical Support Organization

Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

March 2009

SG24-7692-00

Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in
“Notices” on page vii.

First Edition (March 2009)

This edition applies to Version 7, Release 1 of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
(product number 5724-033).
© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2009. All rights reserved.
Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP
Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.

Contents

Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
The team that wrote this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Become a published author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Comments welcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Chapter 1. Certification overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 IBM Professional Certification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.1 Benefits of certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 Tivoli Software Professional Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 Job role description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.2 Key areas of competency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3 Prerequisite skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3 Certification objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3.4 Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.5 Job creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.6 Problem determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3.7 Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4 Recommended study resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.4.1 IBM Redbooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Chapter 2. Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1 Planning the implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2 Account code structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3 Collector selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.4 Implementation platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.5 Database sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.5.1 CIMSLOADTRACKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.5.2 CIMSSUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.3 CIMSDETAIL and CIMSDETAILIDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5.4 CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.6 Report requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009. All rights reserved. iii

Chapter 3. Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1 Installation overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2 Installation prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2.1 Platform requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2.2 Configuring Microsoft Internet Information Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2.3 Install the Microsoft Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2.4 Install Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.5 Install Microsoft SQL Server Report Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3 Application server installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4 Database configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.4.1 Database creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.4.2 Defining JDBC driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.4.3 Defining data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.4.4 Initializing database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.5 Enterprise Collector Pack implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.6 Initial configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.7 Installation verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.7.1 Verify the tables created during initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.7.2 Verify the contents of the CIMSRate table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.7.3 Verify the application status in IIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.7.4 Connect to the reporting Web application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.8 Sample collection verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Chapter 4. Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.1 The Common Source Resource format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.2 Account code hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
4.3 User administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.3.1 User creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.3.2 User role definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.3.3 User and group mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.4 Clients and scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.4.1 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.4.2 Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.4.3 Client budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.4.4 Client contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.5 Working with rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.5.1 Rate group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.5.2 Rate codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.5.3 Alternate rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.5.4 Proration table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.5.5 CPU normalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.5.6 Rate shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

iv Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

Chapter 5. Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.1 Integrated Solution Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.2 Load tracking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.3 Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.3.1 Tuning Web console for administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.3.2 Tuning job processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.3.3 Tuning report generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.4 Operating and updating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
5.4.1 Startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
5.4.2 Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
5.4.3 Updating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Chapter 6. Job creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.1 XML job creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.1.1 Job file structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
6.1.2 Generic processing overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.2 Syntax of main Job Runner directives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6.2.1 Jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6.2.2 Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6.2.3 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6.2.4 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6.2.5 Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.2.6 Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.3 Integrator program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
6.3.1 Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.3.2 Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.3.3 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.4 Account code mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.5 Non-integrator steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.5.1 Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
6.5.2 Acct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
6.5.3 Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
6.5.4 Cleanup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
6.5.5 Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
6.5.6 DBLoad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
6.5.7 DBPurge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.5.8 Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.5.9 File transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
6.5.10 Wait file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.5.11 Remote product deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.5.12 Job conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.5.13 Windows script file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
6.5.14 Java. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Contents v

6.5.15 Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Chapter 7. Problem determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.1 Job failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
7.1.1 Job logs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
7.1.2 Output files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7.2 Database connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
7.3 Web reporting problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
7.4 Trace level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Chapter 8. Web reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
8.1 Web reporting interface and user authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
8.2 Web reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8.3 Producing reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
8.4 Defining a new report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
8.5 Batch reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Appendix A. Sample test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Sample test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Answer key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Abbreviations and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Related publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
IBM Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Other publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Online resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
How to get Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Help from IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

vi Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

Notices

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techniques on various operating platforms. You may copy, modify, and distribute these sample programs in
any form without payment to IBM, for the purposes of developing, using, marketing or distributing application
programs conforming to the application programming interface for the operating platform for which the
sample programs are written. These examples have not been thoroughly tested under all conditions. IBM,
therefore, cannot guarantee or imply reliability, serviceability, or function of these programs.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009. All rights reserved. vii

Trademarks
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Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. These and other IBM trademarked
terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with the appropriate symbol (® or ™),
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AIX® Notes® Tivoli®
CICS® Passport Advantage® TotalStorage®
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DB2® Redbooks® z/OS®
IBM® Redbooks (logo) ® z/VM®
Lotus Notes® System p®

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viii Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

Preface

This IBM® Redbooks® publication is a study guide for the IBM Tivoli® Usage
and Accounting Manager V7.1 certification. It is aimed for IT professional who
want to be an IBM Certified Professional for this product.

IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 certification is offered through
the IBM Professional Certification program. It is designed to validate the skills
required of technical professionals who work in the implementation and
deployment of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1.

This book provides the necessary information to understand this topic. It includes
sample questions that help evaluate personal progress. It familiarizes the readers
with the types of questions that may be encountered in the exam.

This guide does not replace practical experience. This is not designed to be a
stand-alone guide for this topic. Instead, this guide should be combined with
educational activities and experiences and used as a very useful preparation
guide for exam.

For your convenience, the chapters are based on the certification objectives of
the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 implementation certification
test. Those requirements are planning, prerequisites, installation, configuration,
administration, and problem determination. Studying each chapter helps you
prepare for each objective of the exam.

The team that wrote this book
This book was produced by a team of specialists from around the world working
at the International Technical Support Organization, Austin Center.

Budi Darmawan is a project leader at the International Technical Support
Organization, Austin Center. He writes extensively and teaches IBM classes
worldwide on all areas of Tivoli and systems management. Before joining the
ITSO 10 years ago, Budi worked in IBM Global Services, IBM Indonesia as a
solution architect and lead implementer. His current interests include service
management, application management, business services management, and
Java™ programming.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009. All rights reserved. ix

Thanks to the following people for their contributions to this project:

Wade Wallace
International Technical Support Organization, Austin Center

Terry Copeland
IBM Software Group

Jörn Siglen, Lennart Lundgren, Roy Catterall
Authors of Deployment Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
V7.1, SG24-7569 and IBM Tivoli Usage Accounting Manager V7.1 Handbook,
SG24-7404

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Find out more about the residency program, browse the residency index, and
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x Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

Mail your comments to:
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Preface xi

xii Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

1

Chapter 1. Certification overview
This chapter provides an overview of the skills requirements needed to obtain an
IBM Certified Deployment Specialist - IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
V7.1 certification. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of topics that
are essential for obtaining the certification:
1.1, “IBM Professional Certification Program” on page 2
1.2, “Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1” on page 6
1.3, “Certification objectives” on page 8
1.4, “Recommended study resources” on page 22

© Copyright IBM Corp. 2009. All rights reserved. 1

1.1 IBM Professional Certification Program
Having the right skills for the job is critical in the growing global marketplace. IBM
Professional Certification is designed to validate skill and proficiency in the latest
IBM solution and product technology. It can help provide that competitive edge.
The IBM Professional Certification Program Web site is available at:
http://www.ibm.com/certify/index.shtml

The Professional Certification Program from IBM offers a business solution for
skilled technical professionals seeking to demonstrate their expertise to the
world.

The program is designed to validate your skills and demonstrate your proficiency
in the latest IBM technology and solutions. In addition, professional certification
may help you excel at your job by giving you and your employer confidence that
your skills have been tested. You may be able to deliver higher levels of service
and technical expertise than non-certified employees and move on a faster
career track.

The certification requirements are difficult, but they are not overwhelming. It is a
rigorous process that differentiates you from everyone else. The mission of IBM
Professional Certification is to:
Provide a reliable, valid, and fair method of assessing skills and knowledge.
Provide IBM with a method of building and validating the skills of individuals
and organizations.
Develop a loyal community of highly skilled certified professionals who
recommend, sell, service, support, and use IBM products and solutions.

The Professional Certification Program from IBM has developed certification role
names to guide you in your professional development. The certification role
names include IBM Certified Specialist, IBM Certified Solutions/Systems Expert,
and IBM Certified Advanced Technical Expert. These role names are for
technical professionals who sell, service, and support IBM solutions. For
technical professionals in application development, the certification roles include
IBM Certified Developer Associate and IBM Certified Developer. An IBM Certified
Instructor certifies the professional instructor.

The Professional Certification Program from IBM provides you with a structured
program leading to an internationally recognized qualification. The program is
designed for flexibility by allowing you to select your role, prepare for and take
tests at your own pace, and, in some cases, select from a choice of elective tests
best suited to your abilities and needs. Some roles also offer a shortcut by giving
credit for a certification obtained in other industry certification programs.

2 Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation

You can be a network administrator, systems integrator, network integrator,
solution architect, solution developer, value-added reseller, technical coordinator,
sales representative, or educational trainer. Regardless of your role, you can
start charting your course through the Professional Certification Program from
IBM today.

1.1.1 Benefits of certification
Certification is a tool to help objectively measure the performance of a
professional on a given job at a defined skill level. Therefore, it is beneficial for
individuals who want to validate their own skills and performance levels, their
employees, or both. For the optimum benefit, the certification tests must reflect
the critical tasks required for a job, the skill levels of each task, and the frequency
by which a task needs to be performed. IBM prides itself in designing
comprehensive, documented processes that ensure that IBM certification tests
remain relevant to the work environment of potential certification candidates.

In addition to assessing job skills and performance levels, professional
certification can also provide such benefits as:
For employees:
– Promotes recognition as an IBM certified professional
– Helps to create advantages in interviews
– Assists in salary increases, corporate advancement, or both
– Increases self-esteem
– Provides continuing professional benefits
For employers:
– Measures the effectiveness of training
– Reduces course redundancy and unnecessary expenses
– Provides objective benchmarks for validating skills
– Makes long-range planning easier
– Helps to manage professional development
– Aids as a hiring tool
– Contributes to competitive advantage
– Increases productivity
– Increases morale and loyalty

Chapter 1. Certification overview 3

For IBM Business Partners and consultants:
– Provides independent validation of technical skills
– Creates competitive advantage and business opportunities
– Enhances prestige of the team
– Contributes to IBM requirements for various IBM Business Partner
programs

Specific benefits can vary by country (region) and role. In general, after you
become certified, you should receive the following benefits:
Industry recognition
Certification may accelerate your career potential by validating your
professional competency and increasing your ability to provide solid, capable
technical support.
Program credentials
As a certified professional, you receive, by e-mail, your certificate of
completion and the certification mark associated with your role for use in
advertisements and business literature. You can also request a hardcopy
certificate, which includes a wallet-size certificate.
The Professional Certification Program from IBM acknowledges the individual
as a technical professional. The certification mark is for the exclusive use of
the certified individual.
Ongoing technical vitality
IBM Certified Professionals are included in mailings from the Professional
Certification Program from IBM.

1.1.2 Tivoli Software Professional Certification
The IBM Tivoli Professional Certification program offers certification testing that
sets the standard for qualified product consultants, administrators, architects,
and partners.

The program also offers an internationally recognized qualification for technical
professionals seeking to apply their expertise in today's complex business
environment. The program is designed for those who implement, buy, sell,
service, and support IBM Tivoli solutions and want to deliver higher levels of
service and technical expertise.


Benefits of being Tivoli certified
Tivoli certification provides the following benefits:
For the individual:
– IBM Certified certificate and use of logos on business cards
– Recognition of your technical skills by your peers and management
– Enhanced career opportunities
– Focus for your professional development
For the IBM Business Partner:
– Confidence in the skills of your employees
– Enhanced partnership benefits from the IBM Business Partner program
– Billing your employees out at higher rates
– Strengthens your proposals to customers
– Demonstrates the depth of technical skills available to prospective
customers
For the customer:
– Confidence in the services professionals handling your implementation
– Ease of hiring competent employees to manage your Tivoli environment
– Enhanced return on investment (ROI) through more thorough integration
with Tivoli and third-party products
– Ease of selecting a Tivoli Business Partner that meets your specific needs

Certification checklist
The certification process is as follows:
1. Select the certification that you want to pursue.
2. Determine which test or tests are required by reading the certification role
description.
3. Prepare for the test, using the following resources provided:
– Test objectives, discussed in 1.3, “Certification objectives” on page 8
– Recommended educational resources, discussed in 1.4, “Recommended
study resources” on page 22
– Sample/assessment test, discussed in Appendix A, “Sample test” on
page 157
– Other reference materials
– Opportunities for experience


4. Register to take a test by contacting one of our worldwide testing vendors:
– Thomson Prometric
– Pearson Virtual University Enterprises (VUE)

5. Take the test. Be sure to keep the Examination Score Report provided upon
test completion as your record of taking the test.

6. Repeat steps three through five until all required tests are successfully
completed for the desired certification role. If additional requirements are
needed (such as another vendor certification or exam), follow the instructions
on the certification description page to submit these requirements to IBM.
7. After you complete your certification requirements, you will be sent an e-mail
asking you to accept the terms of the IBM Certification Agreement before
receiving the certificate.
8. Upon acceptance of the terms of the IBM Certification Agreement, an e-mail
will be sent containing the following electronic deliverables:
– A Certification Certificate in PDF format, which can be printed in either
color or black and white
– A set of graphic files of the IBM Professional Certification mark associated
with the certification achieved
– Guidelines for the use of the IBM Professional Certification mark
9. To avoid unnecessary delay in receiving your certificate, ensure that we have
your current e-mail on file by keeping your profile up to date. If you do not
have an e-mail address on file, your certificate will be sent through postal
mail.

After you receive a certificate by e-mail, you can also contact IBM at
mailto:certify@us.ibm.com to request that a hardcopy certificate be sent by
postal mail.

1.2 Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1
This section explains certification requirements and objectives. The following
topics are discussed:
1.2.1, “Job role description” on page 7
1.2.2, “Key areas of competency” on page 7
1.2.3, “Prerequisite skills” on page 7
1.2.4, “Requirements” on page 8


1.2.1 Job role description
An IBM Certified Deployment Professional - IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager V7.1 implementation is a technical professional responsible for
planning, installing, configuring, administering, and problem determination of an
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 solution. This individual will be
expected to perform these tasks with limited assistance from peers, product
documentation, and support resources.

1.2.2 Key areas of competency
The following key areas of competency are required:
Describe the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 architecture
and components.
Plan and design an IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 solution
based on customer requirements and environment.
Install and configure IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1
infrastructure components.
Use the Integrated Solutions Console to administer and manage the IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 environment.
Perform problem determination for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
V7.1.

1.2.3 Prerequisite skills
The following are the required prerequisite skills for this certification:
Strong working knowledge of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1
infrastructure components
Working knowledge of operating systems, networking, and firewall concepts
Working knowledge of XML
Working knowledge of shell and scripting
Basic knowledge of WebSphere® Application Server
Basic knowledge of databases, such as DB2®, Microsoft® SQL Server®, and
Oracle®
Basic knowledge of security (SSL, data encryption, system user accounts,
and credentials)
Basic knowledge of IIS


Basic knowledge of LDAP

Additionally, we recommend having working knowledge of BIRT.

1.2.4 Requirements
This certification requires one test: test 012 - IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager V7.1 Implementation.

1.3 Certification objectives
The certification has the following objectives:
1.3.1, “Planning” on page 8
1.3.2, “Installation” on page 11
1.3.3, “Configuration” on page 13
1.3.4, “Administration” on page 16
1.3.5, “Job creation” on page 17
1.3.6, “Problem determination” on page 19
1.3.7, “Reporting” on page 21

For the most updated objectives of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager V7.1 Deployment Certification Test, refer to the following link:
http://www-03.ibm.com/certify/certs/24108801.shtml

1.3.1 Planning
Given the customer requirements and the financial organization prerequisites,
discuss the key parameters and methods for installing IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager, so that a design document for the implementation of the
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager environment has been created, with
emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Discuss the customer requirements in a workshop to show up the critical
path.
– Understand the financial system of the customer.
– Define the account code structure to fit current and future plans for the
customer environment.
– Select the key parameters needed for accounting.


Plan IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager setup actions to be done.
– Identify the data sources, identifiers, and rates to be used.
– List the default collectors to be used and new collectors to be written.
– Estimate the size of the database to be expected.
Use the system management functions available.
– Determine the method of scheduling jobs.
– Define the data transfer solution to be implemented.
– Determine the monitoring solution to be used for the environment.
Clarify the operational view of the environment.
– Define the reporting solution to be used (BIRT, Crystal or IIS reporting).
– Check server placement in the secured network environment, regarding
data collection.
– Decide whether to use the financial modeler.
Determine the licenses held or to be bought by the customer.

Given a list of planed collectors and data sources, determine if the required
collectors are available and supported for the proposed environment, so that a
list of collectors to be used has been documented, with emphasis on performing
the following tasks:
Check for a sample collector reading the type of source (for each data
source).
Check the documentation for platform dependent components (for each
collector), such as the Windows® Script File (WSF) collector for Windows
only collection.
List the result of all checks.

Given an overview of the current IT environment and the IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager implementation design, check several parameters of the
different platforms regarding the functions and knowledge, which we recommend
for the platform to be used has been documented, with emphasis on performing
Determine the platform skill of the designate operations and administration
team.
Determine the database skill of the administration team.
Check for mandatory collectors depending on a single platform.
Check that the reporting solution to be used is supported.
Determine if the use of Financial modeler is mandatory.


Verify the required size of the environment and whether it enforces the
separation of application parts (WebSphere, database, and reporting server).
Check for scalability needed in the environment.

Given that the client understands the purpose of the Account Code structure,
define the account code structure so that it can be configured into the product,
with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Educate the client management team about the purpose and use of the
Account Code structure.
Review with the client management team any current business accounting
structure and determine if that is how they desire to map the IBM Tivoli Usage
and Accounting Manager structure.
Define the Account Code structure.

Given that the Account Code structure has been defined, determine, for each
collector feed, which identifiers should be used for creating Account Code lookup
tables for each collector, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
For each collector feed, review the documented available identifiers.
Determine which identifiers should be used to map resource records to the
appropriate Account Code.
Determine how the Account Code lookup table will be built and maintained.

Given the amount of collector input, calculate the amount of data stored base
and the retention period, so that an estimate of the database size can be
determined, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Identify the usage for the most critical tables
– Determine if resource utilization has to be collected.
– Estimate the number of account codes to be collected in the billing
summary.
– Count the data from the billing detail, which is based on the number of
rates and identifiers.
– Count the lines in ident.txt that feeds directly into the identifier table.
Identify the parameters multiplying the data sets.
– Determine the retention period in days.
– List the number of shifts for a day that needs different rate codes.
– Count the collection sources providing data.
– Estimate the number of distinct account codes.
– Estimate the number of resources used.


– Estimate the number of identifiers used.
– Estimate the Identifier mix number based upon an understanding of the
collection process.
Multiply all parameters.
Define the point of archiving needed based on the capacity of the database
system planned.

Given the customer requirements, determine which reports will be required so
that a list of all reports to be designed and published has been created, with
Define the Invoice reports to be used.
Define the Account reports to be used.
Check if Top usage reports are needed.
Check if Variance reports are required.
Determine the use of Trend reports in the environment.
Check for valid Resource detail reports.
Define all other and custom reports to be used.

1.3.2 Installation
Given IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager planning has been completed,
determine if the required IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
prerequisites have been met so that the installation can be executed, with
Check application server prerequisites, such as Microsoft Internet Information
Server and .NET Framework.
Check database and connection to IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager.
Determine the JDBC™ jar files for the appropriate database:
– SQL database: sqljdbc.jar (From the Microsoft Web site)
– Oracle database: ojdbc14.jar (From the Oracle Web site)
– DB2 database for Linux®, UNIX®, and Windows: db2jcc.jar and
db2jcc_license_cu.jar
– DB2 database for z/OS® UDB: db2jcc.jar and
db2jcc_license_cisuz.jar


Check reporting prerequisites.
– Microsoft Report Viewer application for Web reporting
– Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT) Report Engine and
Report Designer
Confirm additional requirements with the customer.
Check operating system requirements.
Check Web browser requirements.
Check hard drive space.
Check processor speed requirement.
Check memory requirement.
Check supported database versions.
Check database server system specifications.

Given that the prerequisites have been met and the implementer has the
appropriate privileges, install the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
Server according to the customer’s requirements, so that the IBM Tivoli Usage
and Accounting Manager server has been installed, with emphasis on performing
Obtain the software.
– Download it from the Passport Advantage® Web site.
– Load the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Installation CD.
Run the Enterprise Edition installation file and follow the installation wizard.

Given that the database and IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager data
source have been created, initialize the database so that database has the status
of being initialized, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Initialize the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database.
Upgrade the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database from
previous versions.

Given that the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager server has been
installed, install the Enterprise Collector Pack (ECP), so that ECP has been
installed, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Obtain the software.
– Download it from the Passport Advantage Web site.
– Load the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager installation CD.
Run the Enterprise Collector Pack (ECP) installation file and follow the
installation wizard.


Given that ECP is installed, and new processes folder is created, check the
connection path for data collection, so that the collection path set for processing
is set and verified, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Navigate the Integrated Solutions Console (ISC) for Configuration page.
Confirm that the correct paths in the configuration page are listed for:
– Processes
– Job Files
– Sample Job Files
– Job Log Files
– Collector Log Files

Given that the database has been initialized, run sample collector data so that
the database can be populated with test collector data, with emphasis on
performing the following tasks:
Run RunSamples.bat to load sample data collection for verification.
Check sample data collection results.

Given that the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager installation has been
performed, validate the installation so that the installation can be verified as
successfully executed, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Verify the database initialization.
Verify the connection to the Web reporting URL.
Use the result of RunSamples.bat to verify installation.

1.3.3 Configuration
Given that IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager has been installed and an
account code structure has been designed with the customer, set up the account
code structure using the Integrated Solution Console so that the Final Account
Code hierarchy has been set, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Define account code structure.
Add account code levels’ starting offset, description, and length.
Modify Standard account code structure.
Create secondary or alternate account code structures.


Given that IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager server has been installed
and an administrator account has been created in the Integrated Solutions
Console (ISC), use the ISC to add new users, so that users can log on to Web
Reports, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Log on to the Integrated Solutions Console (ISC).
Define new users.

and an administrator user account has been created in the Integrated Solutions
Console, add users to the ISC security group, so that the user can access the
ISC, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Assign user to roles.
List existing default security roles.
Enable security for the Embedded WebSphere Application Server.

installed and an administrator account has been created in the Integrated
Solutions Console, add users to groups, so that the users are allowed to view
only select reports, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Define a new user group.
Add a user to the user group.

installed and configured, use the ISC to set up the calendar, with emphasis on
Define a calendar for a particular year.

installed and a configured, use the ISC to add clients to the client table so that
the client table has been updated, with emphasis on performing the following
tasks:
Remove sample clients before adding clients to the customer’s organization.
Add new client organization.


installed and configured, and the clients have been added, add the client budgets
to the corresponding client, so that the client budgets have been created, with
Assign a new budget to a client.

installed and configured and clients have been added, add the client contacts to
the client, so that the client has been updated, with emphasis on performing the
following tasks:
Add client that needs to be added as a contact or contacts need to be added
to it.

installed and configured, create a new rate group using the ISC, with emphasis
on performing the following tasks:
Define a new rate group.

installed and a configured and rate groups have been added, add rate codes
using the ISC, so that new rate codes are available, with emphasis on performing
Define a new rate code.

installed and configured and rate groups have been created, add an alternate
table so that alternate rates are available, with emphasis on performing the
following tasks:
Define new rate table

and configured, create a proration table so that a proration table is available, with
Define a proration table for a rate code.


Use prorate for collecting usage data for a rate code.

installed and configured, using the ISC, configure CPU normalization so that
CPU Normalization has been set up, with emphasis on performing the following
tasks:
Use CPU normalization in Job files.
Define the CPU normalization percentage.
Select the rate codes to be normalized.

installed and configured, use the ISC to set rate shifts so that the rate shifts have
been set to meet the customer’s requirements, with emphasis on performing the
following tasks:
Define rate shifts.

1.3.4 Administration
Given the connection data, navigate to the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager menu so that the user can perform administration tasks in the ISC IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager environment, with emphasis on
Connect to the Integrated Solution Console using a Web browser.
Find the appropriate menu options in the portfolio navigation bar.

Given the current environment data, the administrator can perform tasks to
optimize the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager environment so that the
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager environment will run faster, with
Determine the current database usage.
Plan runstats on a regular basis.
List long running reports.
Determine the tables and columns used for sorting.
Define indices on heavy used columns.


Determine the memory usage of the WebSphere Application Server. Add
physical memory if it is needed.
Determine the CPU load.
Add virtual or logical CPUs for parallel processing.
For hardware limitations, evaluate the separation of the database and
application servers, but keep the network limitations in mind.

Given the Feed source name, set up load tracking so that the list of loaded data
can be filtered to get an overview of specific data loads for selected jobs, with
Work with Load Tracking information.
Perform filtering on the Load Tracking information for searching a collection.

Given the access permissions and IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
location, stop and start the application server so that all updates implemented
will be activated in the files systems for further usage, with emphasis on
Restart the procedure for the user interface.
Verify application availability.

1.3.5 Job creation
Given the parameters of data sources, use the XML job file language to generate
a job so that the data is incorporated into the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager process file structure and database, with emphasis on performing the
following tasks:
Determine that sample job files that best suits the task.
Copy the sample job file to the job file directory.
Define or modify the integrator step for data input and processing.
Run the job file validation to ensure that the syntax is correct.
Before activating or adding any further steps, run the job and check the logs
and the CSR file for correct content.


Given input data source and manipulation instructions, create a setup where the
job(s) will prepare the data, do account conversion, process billing, and finally
load data so that reports are ready to be run, with emphasis on performing the
following tasks:
Determine the sample job files that best suits the task.
Copy the sample job file to the job file directory.
Split the processing into more than one job for better handling.
Create and modify process steps as needed.
– Create integrator steps for reading data and performing data
manipulations.
– Set up resource conversion to recalculate values.
– Define the parameters of the billing step.
– Verify that the db load step is correct.
– Define the cleanup step parameters to clear old files from the process
directory.
Verify the job file.
– Ensure that the syntax is correct.
– Verify the operation without database loading.
– Check the actual load for errors and warnings.
– Verify that the data is loaded using the LoadTracking function.
Run a report to verify that data is loaded correctly.

Given a raw data file or other data source and manipulation instructions, set up
the integrator step to recalculate, aggregate, or manipulate the resources and
filter for identifiers so that a CSR file is prepared for further processing, with
Define the input section of an integrator step. Use Input, Files, or Collector
directives.
Add integrator stages to create, delete, or modify identifiers and do
calculation on resources.
– Create an aggregator for combining data for one identifier or for a time
frame.
– Create new resources or identifiers.
– Do not use drop fields, as they are not needed.
– Exclude or include data by any criteria.
– Do a ResourceConversion for recalculating resource values.


– Sort CSR data for output.
Define an output stage to create a CSR or CSR+ file.

Given identifiers and the account code table, use the integrator step to add an
account code field mapping to determine who is using which resources, so that
an account code conversion has been executed, with emphasis on performing
Define the integrator step before billing and DBload.
Use the integrator function CreateIdentifierFromTable to add an
Account_Code identifier.
Perform additional necessary conversions, such as an Aggregator stage.

1.3.6 Problem determination
Given a validated job that does not execute successfully, review the
corresponding log file to locate the error and resolve it so that the job can execute
successfully, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Execute a jobfile using either a job scheduler or manually through the
Integrated Solutions Console.
Check the job execution status using the Integrated Solutions Console.
Read output messages for that job file execution.
Find steps that are unsuccessful.
Find error message for the unsuccessful step.
Correct job errors and rerun the job.

Given a validated jobfile that completes with a warning, review the corresponding
log file to locate the error and resolve it so that the job can execute successfully,
with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Execute the jobfile using either a job scheduler or manually through the
Integrated Solutions Console.
Check the job execution status using the Integrated Solutions Console.
Read output messages for that job file execution.
Find steps that have warning messages.
Check warning message for the step.
Correct job warnings and rerun the job.
Determine rate code warning actions and whether to define the rate or ignore
it.


Given that within ISC the database connection fails, diagnose the issue so that
the database connection can be reestablished, with emphasis on performing the
following tasks:
Review the current trace and message log records.
Use the database management interface to check the database’s status.
Ensure that the user ID and password used by IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager to connect is correct.

Given that Web reporting is implemented and a report is timing out, review report
values in the ISC and determine if the network connection is sufficient so that the
issue can be identified, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Set the Web reporting interface timeout value.
Limit date selection for report execution.
Set up batch reporting for reporting.

Given IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is operational, define the
default file names produced by process engines so that the names and their
purposes are understood, with emphasis on performing the following tasks:
Identify the default output file for the Scan program.
Identify files for the Acct program, output file, and exception files.
Identify files for the Bill program, identifier file, billing detail, and billing
summary files.

Given that the client wants to adjust the amount of information in the trace file,
modify the detail level written out so that the message and trace logs provide the
level of detail that the client requires, with emphasis on performing the following
tasks:
Set the logging configuration from the Integrated Solutions Console.
Set the Trace file setting. The Trace message level can be set to FINE,
FINER, or FINEST.
Set the Log file setting. The Log message level can be set to SEVERE,
WARNING, or INFORMATION.


1.3.7 Reporting
Given the need to produce an invoice or analyze billing or usage data, generate
an IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager report according to the customer’s
requirement so that billing or usage data can be loaded into a spreadsheet for
analysis or invoices can be produced, with emphasis on performing the following
tasks:
Log in to the reporting Web application.
Understand the report types in the Report list.
Run spreadsheets for standard or crosstab types.
Supply the desired report parameters.

Given requirements to produce a report, define parameters so that the output
satisfies the requirements. Given the requirement to produce a new report,
define a new IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager report according to the
new requirement so that a new report or spreadsheet can be generated, with
Log on to the reporting Web application.
Select a new report type.
Define the new report arguments.
Save the new report or new spreadsheet.

Given the need to manage the reporting Web interface, create and assign a role
and remove the user used to access the reporting Web interface, and modify the
security scheme for the Web interface so that appropriate users can access the
reporting Web interface with the appropriate access, with emphasis on
Define user access restriction.
Define new user groups without administrative access.
Activate report access security.
Assign a report for user groups:


1.4 Recommended study resources
Courses and publications are offered to help you prepare for the certification
tests. The courses are recommended, but not required, before taking a
certification test. If you wish to purchase Web-based training courses or are
unable to locate a Web-based course or classroom course at the time and
location you desire, please feel free to contact one of our delivery management
teams at:
Americas: tivamedu@us.ibm.com
EMEA: tived@uk.ibm.com
AP: tivtrainingap@au1.ibm.com

Note that course offerings are continuously being added and updated. If you do
not see the course(s) listed in your geography, please contact the delivery
management team.

1.4.1 IBM Redbooks
The following IBM Redbooks can be used as additional information sources:
IBM Tivoli Usage Accounting Manager V7.1 Handbook, SG24-7404
Financial management of IT resources allows an IT department to be
transformed from a cost center to a service provider. One aspect of this is
usage accounting, which helps the IT department understand the usage
patterns of its customers or users and allows for service charges that reflect
that usage. In addition, usage data demonstrates how IT operations can be
optimized to increasing efficiency.
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager provides the tools to perform data
collection and accounting for IT-related usage from various sources. It even
allows the custom integration of data from nonstandard format sources. It
supports the whole life cycle of financial management from budgeting to
usage accounting and billing, and reporting. This book will help you
understand, install, configure, and use the new IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1.
The book starts with an overview of Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
concepts and capabilities along with the structure of the product. The
installation and verification of each component is presented in detail. Sample
scenarios are executed and explained, including operating system usage
collection, virtual environment collection (VMware® ESX server and IBM
System p® partitioning), and Tivoli Decision Support for z/OS interface.


Deployment Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1,
SG24-7569
This book is part of the Deployment Guide series. It provides a step-by-step
guide for deploying Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1. It is intended
to help an IBM or Business Partner service person plan and perform the
deployment of the product.
The discussion of Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager includes an
explanation of its architecture and components. Some planning and sizing
considerations before you implement the product are given, and some
guidelines on setting up service engagement for the product are also
included.
The deployment discussed in the book would be appropriate for a
demonstration or a small deployment system, although the information is
highly relevant for larger deployments also. This book also offers some usage
scenarios that can be used for demonstrating the product.


2

Chapter 2. Planning
This chapter discusses planning of the implementation of IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1. The discussion consists of the following:
2.1, “Planning the implementation” on page 26
2.2, “Account code structure” on page 27
2.3, “Collector selection” on page 29
2.4, “Implementation platform” on page 31
2.5, “Database sizing” on page 32
2.6, “Report requirements” on page 38


2.1 Planning the implementation
There are several important preparations that must be performed before
implementing IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager. The solution must be
clearly understood by the implementation team. The solution is typically
described in a design document.

The design document takes its input from the client’s requirements and match
them to the capability of the product. The IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager implementation design document should consist of the necessary
details about how the implementation should be performed. It should contain the
following design items:
Customer requirements in a workshop to show the critical path.
– Understand the financial system of the customer.
– Define the account code structure that most closely fits the near future
plans for the customer environment.
– Select the key parameters needed for accounting (limit them to a suitable
minimum for the pilot).
A project plan for the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager setup
actions to be done.
– Identify the data sources, identifiers, and rates to be used.
– List the default collectors to be used and new collectors to be written.
– Estimate the size of the database to be expected.
A definition about how to perform these available system management
functions.
– Determine the method of scheduling jobs.
– Define the data transfer solution to be implemented.
– Determine the monitoring solution to be used for the environment.
Describe the network architecture of the implementation. This includes the
platform selection and connectivity requirements.
Explain the reporting method needed and report requirements as dictated by
customer.
Determine the licenses held or to be bought by the customer.

We discuss some of the important aspect of this design document in more detail
in the subsequent sections.


2.2 Account code structure
One of the most important aspects of planning is to decide on the account code
structure. The account code structure determines the charging hierarchy of the
target enterprise. All collected data must be mapped to the correct structure
based on the defined account code structure.

The account code structure must be defined early in the implementation
because:
It determines how to map the identifier to the account code.
Account code granularity strongly influences database size calculation.
Reporting and billing are all based on the account code structure.
Changing the account code structure and mapping invalidates all the data
that has been collected in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager.

The charging hierarchy must match the enterprise’s financial and business
accounting practices. It may have additional detail levels than the hierarchies
needed by accounting.

In Table 2-1, we use the department name as the top level. There are one or
more department numbers possible for each department and the hosts are
grouped by an application perspective. The billing requirement may only need to
distinguish the department name and number, but usage monitoring may need
the application and host information if they are available.

Table 2-1 Account code for a department organization
Description Length

Department (short name) 8

Department number 6

Application 8

Host 32

Chapter 2. Planning 27

For a multi-customer environment, the customer name is the top level. We define
two additional levels in case the customer needs separated bills or rates for his
projects and splitting up of follow-up contracts. See Table 2-2.

Table 2-2 Account code for a multi customer environment
Description Length

Customer (short name) 8

Master contract number 12

Service contract number 12

Application 8

Host 32

Tip: Changing the account code structure make processed data invalid, as it
is based on different account code fields. You must plan the structure carefully
before you start processing data.

Account codes are mapped from identifiers. The mapping can be performed by
parsing the identifier to extract the appropriate levels or using a lookup table for
mapping the identifier to the account code. You must identify the appropriate
mapping process for each type of collected data. Mapping for UNIX servers may
be based on process name and path, while mapping for Windows client
machines may be based on IP address or host name.

The lookup tables have to be maintained for currency. Processes must be in
place to ensure proper updating of the tables is performed. The table can be
based on database tables that have to be extracted regularly or from a static text
that must be maintained by an administrator.

More about account code usage is discussed in 4.2, “Account code hierarchy” on
page 82.


2.3 Collector selection
We must determine if the required collectors are available and supported for the
proposed environment. Some collectors run as a Windows Script File (WSF) and
must run on a processing server on Windows-based platforms.

The existing collectors for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 are:
AIXAAInput: AIX® Advanced Accounting for a logically partitioned IBM
System p installation that includes support for AIX 5L™ V5.3 or later, AIX V6,
and the Virtual I/O (VIO) server.
Base UNIX collector: The UNIX collector runs on most UNIX platforms using
the built-in accounting (acct) features.
CSRInput: Input with Common Source Format. This is typically an output from
the Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager data collector or previous
processing from Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager.
IBM System i: Only available for Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager on
Windows, as a Windows script file. Data is collected from i/OS V5.1.
TDSz: Extracting data from Tivoli Decision Support for z/OS database
(DRLDB).
Transaction: A transaction is a mechanism to adjust data in IBM Tivoli Usage
and Accounting Manager. This collector gets the input from a table within the
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database, and adds one time charges
and monthly fixed charges to the accounts based on the input from ISC.
z/VM®: This collects data from the z/VM environment, including connect time,
CPU time, virtual SIOs, virtual cards read, virtual lines printed, virtual cards
punched, and temporary disk space.
VMware: This can pull data from either the VMware Virtual Center Server or
directly from VMware ESX servers using the VMware SDK Web interface.
Windows Disk Data: This program runs on the Windows server every time
you want to have a snapshot of disk usage.
Windows Process collector: A service that is installed and run in a Windows
environment to collect data on processor usage. This collector uses Windows
Script File processing.


Universal data collector is a converter function to convert data into CSR or
CSR+ format. The input can be from:
DATABASE Databases providing a SQL interface. The source
must be defined as a data source.
DELIMITED Delimited files, such as comma separated values
(CSV).
FIXEDFIELD Fixed field files.

Note: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1.1 supports an
additional data collector for Tivoli Data Warehouse from IBM Tivoli Monitoring.

Additional data collectors are available with IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager V7.1 Enterprise Collector Pack, which are:
ApacheCommonLogFormat: Apache HTTP server common log collection for
analyzing Web page hit counts.
DB2: Collects DB2 database accounting in Windows, UNIX, and Linux.
DBSpace: Collects the size of a Microsoft SQL or Sybase database only. This
collector uses Windows Script File.
Lotus® Notes®: Gathers data directly from Notes database files log.nsf,
loga4.nsf, and catalog.nsf, such as NotesDatabaseSizeInput,
NotesEmailInput, and NotesUsageInput.
Microsoft Exchange: Based on the different logs for the Exchange server,
usage data and mailbox size are collected. This collector uses Windows
Script File.
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS): The W3C Extended Log from IIS
can be retrieved for processing. This collector uses Windows Script File.
Microsoft SQL server: Uses the trace log and direct database access to get
usage data from SQL server. This collector uses Windows Script File.
Oracle: Uses the event log and direct database access to get usage data from
Oracle server.
SAP®: SAP Transaction Profile report (ST03N) is used for collecting from
SAP. ST03N is a specific transaction in SAP that provides performance and
workload analysis data.
Tivoli Storage Manager: Uses Tivoli Storage Manager ODBC calls (Windows
only, but other versions can be requested).
TotalStorage® Productivity Center (TPC): A flexible data collector to collect
any data from the TPC log files.


WebSphere: A variety of WebSphere usage metrics can be collected and
processed.
Windows Event Log data collector for print: Gets usage data from a Windows
print server extracted from the event log.

2.4 Implementation platform
Based on the design document and the required collectors, you must choose the
implementation platform. There are some differences about the platform usage
and parameters. You must check for the following:
Skill of existing operation personnel on:
– Operating system platform.
– Database platform.
Reporting solution:
– Windows uses Internet Information Server for Web reporting.
– UNIX/Linux uses Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT).
Evaluate some platform dependent options:
– Financial Modeler is only supported in Windows.
– Windows Script File collector is only supported in Windows. The collectors
that use WSF are:
• WinProc
• DBSpace
• MSIIS
• MSSQL
• MSExchangeMbx
• SystemIr52/SystemIr51
Solution sizing, that is, whether the application parts run on a single or
multiple machines. You must consider application scalability for future
processing.
– Database size (refer to 2.5, “Database sizing” on page 32).
– Processing or collection runs. The recommended minimum is 3 GHz.
– Memory requirement for reporting and administration application. The
minimum recommendation is 2 GB.


2.5 Database sizing
Sizing the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database is critical for the
implementation process. Adequate allocation for the database ensures the
sustainability of the solution so it can perform in a satisfactory manner. The IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager manual recommends 40 GB of available
hard drive space.

Once the database is initialized, the base database would be more or less
constant in size. Additional grouping, users, and reporting changes can happen,
but the size would not be significant. The total size of an empty IBM Tivoli Usage
and Accounting Manager database is less than 0.5 MB.

The primary contributor to the growth of a an IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager database is the data loaded from the output of the billing process. The
size of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database is dependent on
many different parameters. The database is populated based on the database
load process of the processing engine (refer to 6.1.2, “Generic processing
overview” on page 112). The database load gets its input from the billing
program. It loads data from the following files:
BillDetail.txt: Billing detail data. This data is loaded into the CIMSDETAIL
table.
BillSummary.txt: Billing summary data. This data is loaded into the
CIMSSUMMARY table.
Ident.txt: The list of identifiers. This data is loaded into the
CIMSDETAILIDENT table.
Optionally, resource utilization data can be loaded into the
CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION table.

Additional growth can be added to the load tracking information that records each
of the data sources being loaded and processed. The load tracking information is
stored in the CIMSLOADTRACKING table.

The size of these tables also relates directly to information in messages from the
Database Load step. In Example 2-1 on page 33, we see the number of records
(rows) added to the three tables as a result of processing the 65 CSR records.


Example 2-1 Database Load messages extract
06:37:14.852: INFORMATION Summary Load: Load Started
06:37:14.938: INFORMATION Loaded Records: 97
06:37:14.941: INFORMATION Summary Load: Load Completed Successfully
06:37:14.943: INFORMATION Detail Load: Load Started
06:37:15.524: INFORMATION Loaded Records: 65 Resources 257
06:37:15.524: INFORMATION Detail Load: Load Completed Successfully
06:37:15.528: INFORMATION Ident Load: Started
06:37:15.596: INFORMATION Loaded Records: 352
06:37:15.605: INFORMATION Ident Load: Load Completed Successfully
06:37:15.610: INFORMATION Number of Detail Records Loaded: 257
06:37:15.610: INFORMATION Number of Ident Records Loaded: 352
06:37:15.610: INFORMATION Number of Summary Records Loaded: 97
06:37:15.610: INFORMATION DBLoad Completed Successfully

Note: The number of rows loaded can be reduced when the source
AcctCSR.dat file is sorted by account code before doing the bill processing.
This sorting can be facilitated when you are using the AcctCSR+ format.

You should also consider any necessary archiving, based on the capacity of the
database system planned. Let us look at the individual tables in these sections:
2.5.1, “CIMSLOADTRACKING” on page 34
2.5.2, “CIMSSUMMARY” on page 35
2.5.3, “CIMSDETAIL and CIMSDETAILIDENT” on page 36
2.5.4, “CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION” on page 37


2.5.1 CIMSLOADTRACKING
The load tracking table structure is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 Load tracking table

You can estimate the row size using the following assumptions:
All nullable columns add 1 byte. Some of the rows that are null may not have
any length.
All variable columns have 2 bytes for length.
Graphic data types uses 2 bytes for each character.
Time stamp columns have a length of 8 bytes.
Integer columns have a length of 4 bytes.

The Load Tracking table contains three or four rows of data for each one of the
data source collection types, depending on whether resource utilization
information is collected. The size growth can be estimated from how may
database load jobs would be run each day. This may be the same as the number
of collection sources if each source is collected once a day.

Once you have performed some collections, this load tracking can be a good
indicator in further estimating the database size. The CIMSLOADTRACKING
table contains the column TOTALRECSLOADED, which can indicate the growth
of the tables.


2.5.2 CIMSSUMMARY
The CIMSSUMMARY table has the structure shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2 CIMSSUMMARY table

The CIMSSUMMARY table has a row for each rate and account code
combination for that billing cycle and shift. This summary table can be qualified
with multiple billing flags.

To estimate the size of the CIMSSUMMARY table, we must consider the
following items for each data collection:
How many rate codes for which we are collecting
How many distinct account codes would be collected for those rate codes
How many shifts for which we are collecting


All of these items are multiplied together to provide the number of rows for the
CIMSSUMMARY table.

2.5.3 CIMSDETAIL and CIMSDETAILIDENT
The CIMSDETAIL table is shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3 CIMSDETAIL table

The CIMSDETAILIDENT table is shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 CIMSDETAILIDENT table

This CIMSDETAIL table contains a row for each rate code and each unique
identifiers combination. The identifiers are listed separately in the
CIMSDETAILIDENT table.


The size of the CIMSDETAIL table would be determined from:
The number of rate codes collected for each collection
The number of different identifier combinations for each rate code
How many shift for which we are collecting

The CIMSDETAILIDENT table can be calculated from each row of the
CIMSDETAIL table and multiplied with the number of qualifying identifiers for the
CIMSDETAIL row.

2.5.4 CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION
The CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION table’s structure is shown in Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5 CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION table

The CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION table data, if collected, would contain
similar content to the CIMSDETAIL table data. The difference is that this would
not contain billing information and no CPU normalization is performed. The
estimate for the CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION table data is the same as the
CIMSDETAIL table data.

The CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION table data is collected from the
Resource.txt file. This file is produced only when the bill’s resourceFile attribute
is provided in the job file, and is loaded into the database only when the
DBLoad’s loadType attribute is set to Resource in the job file.


2.6 Report requirements
There are several predefined reports that IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager uses. You must identify the reports that will be used in the
implementation. There are several categories of reports that may be needed:
Invoice reports, which are actually usage invoices that can be billed to the
service consumer. The format and content of the invoices must be defined
and prepared in the implementation stage. IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager provides some sample invoice reports. Figure 2-6 shows a sample
invoice.

Figure 2-6 Invoice report

Account reports, which contain usage information that specifies the customer
accounts against the usage items. The account reports do not include rate
conversion. A typical account report is given in a cross-table format, as shown
in Figure 2-7 on page 39.


Figure 2-7 A sample report on daily usage data

Other reports may be generated based on the needs of the IT department
and consumers. Some typical reports are:
– Top usage reports for highlighting the top users of a certain rate
– Variance reports for showing usage anomalies from consumers and
identifying usage patterns
– Trend reports for finding and predicting capacity requirements
– Resource detail reports for analyzing resource usage


3

Chapter 3. Installation
This chapter discusses the installation of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager V7.1. The discussion is covered in the following sections:
3.1, “Installation overview” on page 42
3.2, “Installation prerequisites” on page 43
3.3, “Application server installation” on page 54
3.4, “Database configuration” on page 59
3.5, “Enterprise Collector Pack implementation” on page 67
3.6, “Initial configuration” on page 70
3.7, “Installation verification” on page 71
3.8, “Sample collection verification” on page 75


3.1 Installation overview
The description of the installation in this chapter is performed in a single server
environment. The deployment is performed on machines loaded with Windows
2003 Standard Edition with Service Pack 1, as shown in Figure 3-1.

tuamsrv
DB2 UDB 9.1
Usage Accounting Manager 7.1 EE
Embedded WebSphere Application Server 6.1
Integrated Solution Console
Usage Accounting Manager 7.1 ECP
Usage Accounting Manager 7.1 WPC
z

twin01 twin02
Windows Process Collector Windows Process Collector

Figure 3-1 Installation environment

The steps are:
1. Database installation and creation, as discussed in 3.4, “Database
configuration” on page 59.
2. Microsoft Internet Information Server, Microsoft .NET framework, and
Microsoft Report Viewer are needed for the Web reporting application, and
are discussed in 3.2, “Installation prerequisites” on page 43.
3. IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Enterprise Edition server, which
includes an embedded WebSphere Application Server and Integrated
Solution Console application, is installed, as shown in 3.3, “Application server
installation” on page 54.
4. The supported collectors are installed in a bundle called the Enterprise
Collector Pack, as discussed in 3.5, “Enterprise Collector Pack
implementation” on page 67.
5. Some setup of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager application
using the Integrated Solution Console is needed, as discussed in 3.7,
“Installation verification” on page 71.


3.2 Installation prerequisites
We install the server on a Windows 2003 Server system (system SRV177, in our
example). Prior to installing IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager, several
prerequisites are required:
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is required for the execution of
the reporting application of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager. See
3.2.2, “Configuring Microsoft Internet Information Services” on page 45.
A current version of the Microsoft Installer package. We install
MSI30-KB884016. If you are already running Microsoft Windows 2003
Service Pack 1, you do not need this package. See 3.2.3, “Install the
Microsoft Installer” on page 49.
Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable 2.0 is required for installing the
Microsoft Report Viewer. See 3.2.4, “Install Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0”
on page 51.
Microsoft Report Viewer Redistributable 2005 is required for the standard
Usage and Accounting Manager reports. See 3.2.5, “Install Microsoft SQL
Server Report Viewer” on page 52.

3.2.1 Platform requirements
The following are the platform hardware, operating system and middleware
requirements for the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager application
server.
Operating system.
– Windows Server® 2003 x64 or x86
– Windows Server 2008 x86
– Linux and UNIX server platforms
– AIX 5L V5.3 and V6.1
– Solaris™ 9 and 10
– HP-UX 11.23 and 11.31 on the pa-RISC platform
– Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 4 and 5 for IA32
– RHEL 4 and 5 for PowerPC®
– RHEL 4 and 5 (64-bit) for IBM System z®
– RHEL 4 and 5 for x64 (AMD64/EM64T)
– SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 9 and 10 for IA-32

Chapter 3. Installation 43

– SLES 9 and 10 for PowerPC
– SLES 9 (31-bit and 64-bit) for System z
– SLES 10 (64-bit) for System z
– SLES 9 and 10 for x64 (AMD64/EM64T)
Web browser requirements.
– Internet Explorer® 6 or 7
– Firefox 2
Hard drive space: 0.5 GB minimum, 40 GB recommended available hard
drive space. The hard drive space requirements for the organization might
vary.
Processor speed: 3 GHz minimum.
Memory: 2 GB minimum.
Databases supported.
– DB2 Universal Database™ (UDB) for Linux, UNIX, and Windows Version
8.1, 8.2, 9.1, or 9.5
– DB2 UDB for z/OS Version 8
– Microsoft SQL Server 2000 or 2005 with the latest service pack
– Oracle 9 or 10 for UNIX or Windows
Database server system specifications.
– 80 GB minimum available hard drive space.
– 3 GHz or faster processor (multi-processors are helpful)
– 2 GB minimum of memory
Database and connection to IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager:
Determine with customer/DBA if jar file downloaded.
– SQL database: sqljdbc.jar (From MS® Web site)
– Oracle database: ojdbc14.jar (From Oracle Web site)
– DB2 database for Linux, UNIX, Windows: db2jcc.jar and
db2jcc_license_cu.jar
– DB2 database for z/OS UDB: db2jcc.jar and db2jcc_license_cisuz.jar


3.2.2 Configuring Microsoft Internet Information Services
This section discusses setting up Microsoft Internet Information Services using
the Manage Your Server application.

Do these steps:
1. The program can be started by selecting All Programs → Administrative
Tools → Manage Your Server. The window shown in Figure 3-2 will appear.

Figure 3-2 Manage your server


2. Click the Add or remove a role link and the Configure Your Server Wizard
will start, as shown in Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3 Configure server wizard

3. In the Configuration Options window shown in Figure 3-4 on page 47, select
Custom configuration.


Figure 3-4 Configuration selection

4. In Figure 3-5, select the Application Server role and click Next.

Figure 3-5 Server role selection


5. In Figure 3-6, check the Enable ASP.NET check box and click Next.

Figure 3-6 Feature selection

6. The installation commences with a progress bar. Figure 3-7 shows that the
installation is finished.

Figure 3-7 Installation completed


3.2.3 Install the Microsoft Installer

Note: Our Windows 2003 SP1environment (Windows 2003 SP1 is required by
DB2 V9.1) does not need the installation of Microsoft Installer. However, we
also notice that the .NET Framework 2.0 requires this installation.

An up to date version of the Windows Installer software needs to be available on
the Report server system. Do these steps:
1. Download the Windows Installer from:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=5fbc5470-b2
59-4733-a914-a956122e08e8&DisplayLang=en
2. We execute the program WindowsInstaller-KB884016-v2-x86.exe to run the
installation of the Windows Installer. The Welcome window is displayed
(Figure 3-8.) Select Next.

Figure 3-8 Welcome window for the Windows Installer installation


3. Agree to the license shown in Figure 3-9 and select Next.

Figure 3-9 License agreement for the Windows Installer

4. Selected files on your system are backed up. The Windows Installer is
installed and the completion window is shown (Figure 3-10). Select Finish to
end the installation.

Figure 3-10 Completion of the installation for the Windows Installer software


3.2.4 Install Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0
The .NET Framework is required if you install Microsoft Report Viewer to view the
standard IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager reports in RDL format. Do
these steps:
1. Download the installation package for the Report Viewer from the following
address:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=0856eacb-43
62-4b0d-8edd-aab15c5e04f5&DisplayLang=en
2. Execute the downloaded program to start the installation and select Next in
the Welcome window. Accept the license agreement and select Install, as
shown in Figure 3-11. The installation progress window is displayed.

Figure 3-11 Accept the .NET license agreement and start the installation


3. The Setup Complete message is displayed when the installation completes
(Figure 3-12.) Select Finish to end the installation.

Figure 3-12 Setup complete for the .NET framework software

3.2.5 Install Microsoft SQL Server Report Viewer
The Microsoft Report Viewer is required for the standard IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager reports (RDL format). Do these steps:
1. Download the installation package for the Report Viewer from the following
address:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?displaylang=en&Famil
yID=8a166cac-758d-45c8-b637-dd7726e61367
2. Save the downloaded file as ReportViewer.exe.
3. Execute ReportViewer.exe to install the Report Viewer. The Welcome window
is displayed (Figure 3-13 on page 53). Select Next.


Figure 3-13 Welcome window for the Report Viewer installation

4. Accept the license agreement and select Install, as shown in Figure 3-14.

Figure 3-14 License agreement for the Report Viewer and installing the software


5. Once successfully installed, the Setup Complete window is displayed, as
shown in Figure 3-15. Select Finish to end the installation.

Figure 3-15 Successful installation of the Report Viewer

3.3 Application server installation
Install the reporting server using the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
enterprise edition Windows installation package. This installation package
contains the reporting server as well as the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager Application server software, the ISC, embedded WebSphere
Application Server, and the DB2 Universal Database V9.1 runtime client.

IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Enterprise Edition can be
downloaded from the Passport Advantage Web site.

Make sure that you have the Microsoft Internet Information Server installed and
active.

All the following files must exists in the same directory:
EmbeddedExpress_wintel_ia32.zip
ISCAE71_4_EWASv61.zip
setup-tuam-ee-7-1-0-wintel_ia32.exe
setup-tuam-wpc-7-1-0-windows_32_64.exe
v9fp2_ALL_LANG_setup_32.exe


Do the following installation steps:
1. Execute setup-tuam-ee-7-1-0-wintel_ia32.exe to install the Report server.
Select Next at the Welcome window. Accept the license agreement and
select Next, as shown in Figure 3-16.

Figure 3-16 License agreement for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager


2. We install the application server into the C:IBMtuam directory, as shown in
Figure 3-17; the default directory is C:Program Filesibmtuam. Select Next.

Figure 3-17 Define the installation directory for the Report server software

3. Check the Windows Web Reporting option, as shown in Figure 3-18. Select
Next.

Figure 3-18 Select the windows Web Reporting option


4. We choose the virtual directory option, as shown in figure Figure 3-19, and
select Next.

Figure 3-19 Select a new virtual directory for Web reports

5. Select Install in the summary information window. The installation progress
indicator is displayed.


6. A task is automatically initiated to unpack the installed files, as shown in
Figure 3-20.

Figure 3-20 Unpacking of the application server software on the Report server

7. The window shown in Figure 3-21 shows successful completion of the
installation and the summary information. Select Finish to end the
installation.

Figure 3-21 Successful installation of the Report server software


3.4 Database configuration
There are several initial configurations that you need to do before you can use
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager. These can be done from the
Integrated Solution Console. Figure 3-22 shows the console welcome window.

Figure 3-22 Welcome page

This section explains the following:
3.4.1, “Database creation” on page 59
3.4.2, “Defining JDBC driver” on page 60
3.4.3, “Defining data sources” on page 63
3.4.4, “Initializing database” on page 66

3.4.1 Database creation
The database (in Windows) must be defined as UTF-8. The definition of the
default page size of 16 K allows us to have an overall 16 K page size. For a
production environment, we recommend using the default 4 K page size and
creating an additional definition of a buffer and table spaces for larger page sizes,
such as 16 K.


Figure 3-23 shows the creation of the database.

C:>DB2 CREATE DB ITUAMDB CODESET UTF-8 PAGESIZE 16 K
DB20000I The CREATE DATABASE command completed successfully.
Figure 3-23 Creating the database and bufferpools

3.4.2 Defining JDBC driver
The configuration of the JDBC driver for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager depends on the database software that has been installed. The DB2
Universal Database that we use comes with the JDBC drivers. We use the
db2jcc.jar and db2jcc_license_cu.jar files for the JDBC driver. The following
steps configure IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager to use the JDBC
driver:
1. From the ISC menu, select Usage and Accounting Manager → System
Maintenance → Configuration. See Figure 3-24.

Figure 3-24 Configuring the JDBC driver


2. In the Driver tab, click New to define the driver. Find the driver file in the tree
shown in Figure 3-25. Click OK when you are done.

Figure 3-25 Finding the JDBC driver


3. The JDBC jar files are shown in Figure 3-26. Click OK when you are done.

Figure 3-26 JDBC driver

4. Figure 3-27 on page 63 shows the final JDBC driver configuration in our
system.


Figure 3-27 Final JDBC driver configuration

5. After updating the JDBC driver, you should restart the Integrated Solution
Console. Use the following commands:
C:IBMtuamewasbinstopServer.bat server1
C:IBMtuamewasbinstartServer.bat server1

3.4.3 Defining data sources
Once you have a definition of the JDBC drivers, we can define the data sources.
Using the ISC, you add the data source. We add the IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager database as a Server data source as follows:
1. From the ISC menu, select Usage and Accounting Manager → System
Maintenance → Data Sources.


2. In the data source window, right-click the default data source and select Edit
DataSource. See Figure 3-28.

Figure 3-28 Editing the default data source

3. Figure 3-29 on page 65 shows the changes that we did for the default data
source.


Figure 3-29 Default data source

4. Figure 3-30 shows that the changes are complete.

Figure 3-30 Default data source changes


3.4.4 Initializing database
Once the data source is defined, you must initialize the database. Initializing the
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database creates and populates
database tables and other database objects. Initializing the database is invoked
from the ISC and the initialization is performed against the databases that are
identified as the default administration data source.

Do these steps:
1. To initialize the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database using
the ISC menu, select Usage and Accounting Manager → System
Maintenance → Database → Initialize Database, as shown in Figure 3-31.

Figure 3-31 Initialize database

2. Click the Initialize Database button. Confirm the action by clicking Yes, as
shown in Figure 3-32.

Figure 3-32 Confirmation window


3. Figure 3-33 on page 67 shows that the initialization of the database is
complete.

Figure 3-33 Initialize the database

3.5 Enterprise Collector Pack implementation
The Enterprise Collector Pack (ECP) is a separate licensed component from IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager that must be installed for some of the
collectors to run. You can get the Enterprise Collector Pack from the Passport
Advantage Web site.

The Enterprise Collector Pack is a separate installable component that provides
all available collection for usage data that is supported for the platform. The
Enterprise Collector Pack must be installed on the machine with the IBM Tivoli
Usage and Accounting Manager Enterprise Edition. The installation is performed
by setup-tuam-ecp-7-1-0-wintel_ia32.exe.


Do these steps:
1. The welcome window is shown in Figure 3-34. Click Next.

Figure 3-34 Welcome window

2. The license agreement is shown in Figure 3-35. Accept the agreement and
click Next.

Figure 3-35 License agreement


3. The Enterprise Collector Pack is always installed in the directory in which the
enterprise edition is installed. Figure 3-36 shows the summary window for the
installation. Click Install.

Figure 3-36 Summary window

4. When the installation completes, Figure 3-37 shows the completion window.

Figure 3-37 Completion window


3.6 Initial configuration
The processing directories define the path to find and store files for processing of
usage and accounting data.

Do these steps:
1. Configure the path using the ISC options, that is, select Usage and
Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → Configuration →
Processing. Update the path according to your installation. Figure 3-38
shows our path definitions.

Figure 3-38 Configuring the paths used during processing


Note: The original processing path from the sample directory is used by the
runSamples program to generate sample data.

2. On the server, create the directories according to the path definitions that you
have just configured. We do this from the command line, as shown in
Figure 3-39. Note that the default directories for the Job File Path, Sample
Job File Path, Job Log Files Path, and Collector Log Files Path are already
created when the Application server is installed.

# cd /opt/ibm/tuam
# mkdir processes
Figure 3-39 Create the processes directory

3.7 Installation verification
You can verify the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager database
initialization from the ISC console. The following sections discuss this action:
3.7.1, “Verify the tables created during initialization” on page 72
3.7.2, “Verify the contents of the CIMSRate table” on page 73


3.7.1 Verify the tables created during initialization
Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance →
Database → Table Manager. Figure 3-40 shows the table list of the default
administration database. There should be 42 tables in the list.

Figure 3-40 Table list


3.7.2 Verify the contents of the CIMSRate table
To verify the contents of the CIMSRate table, select Usage and Accounting
Manager → System Maintenance → Database → Table Viewer. Expand the
Database Tables tree and select the CIMSRate table from the Table Viewer main
window. Select the View Table button to see the contents of the CIMSRate table
selected in Figure 3-41.

Figure 3-41 View the contents of the CIMSRate table


3.7.3 Verify the application status in IIS
On the Report server, open the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)
Manager by selecting Start → All Programs → Administrative Tools →
Internet Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager. Expand the
trees to display the application pools and the Web sites, as shown in Figure 3-42.
Confirm the existence of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager entries.

Figure 3-42 Verify the installation of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Web
components

3.7.4 Connect to the reporting Web application
Open a browser, and point it at the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
Web application URL. In our case, this is:
http://srv177/tuam/

The browser window displays the initial Web reporting option window, as shown
in Figure 3-43 on page 75.


Figure 3-43 Web reporting interface

3.8 Sample collection verification
Before doing any further configurations in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager, we run the provided samples:
/opt/ibm/tuam/bin/RunSamples.sh | tee RunSamples.log

We can ignore the warning messages, such as the one shown in Figure 3-44, as
SMTP is not configured in our environment.

WARNING: AUCCM5019E The process failed when sending e-mail through
ITUAM@ITUAMCustomerCompany.comSMTP from to
John.ITUAMUser@ITUAMCustomerCompany.com. Review the trace log to get
detailed information.
Figure 3-44 Ignoring the warning from RunSamples.sh


To check the results, select Usage and Accounting Manager → Chargeback
Maintenance → Job Runner → Log Files, as shown in Figure 3-45.

Figure 3-45 Checking the Log Files viewer after RunSamples.sh has finished


In our example, the Notes job failed with a db2 error message during loading:
AUCPE0202E The DBLoad process completed unsuccessfully with the
following exception: com.ibm.db2.jcc.c.lh: [ibm][db2][jcc][102][10040]
Non-atomic batch failure. The batch was submitted, but at least one
exception occurred on an individual member of the batch.

The other errors are caused by not having the Enterprise Collector Package
(ecp) installed:
AUCIN0365E The following collector is not authorized to run in the
Usage and Accounting Manager Enterprise Edition: MS Exchange 2007
AUCIN0365E The following collector is not authorized to run in the
Usage and Accounting Manager Enterprise Edition: Apache

To do a final cleanup of the database, run an initialization, as described in 3.4.4,
“Initializing database” on page 66.


Alternatively, you can unload the data by selecting Usage and Accounting
Manager → Chargeback Maintenance → Load Tracking, as shown in
Figure 3-46. Uncheck the End Date filter check box and mark all of the entries by
using the check box button.

Figure 3-46 Unloading the RunSamples.sh data from the database

Press Delete Load and confirm the security question about deleting the data.


4

Chapter 4. Configuration
This chapter discusses the configuration of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager V7.1 installation. The discussion is covered in the following sections:
4.1, “The Common Source Resource format” on page 80
4.2, “Account code hierarchy” on page 82
4.3, “User administration” on page 84
4.4, “Clients and scheduling” on page 88
4.5, “Working with rates” on page 92


4.1 The Common Source Resource format
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager uses two file formats called Common
Source Resource (CSR) and Common Source Resource plus (CSR+). The
CSR+ is enhanced by a static header, including the account code for sorting
purposes. CSR+ and CSR files are comma separated files, in which each record
has these three sections:
Header
The header of the record contains the following:
CSR Plus Header CSR+ records only start with:
“CSR+ Constant
headerstartdate Usage start date
headerenddate Usage end date
headeraccountcodelength
Length of the Account code (three digits)
headeraccountcode Account Code
“ Constant
headerrectype Record type or source
headerstartdate Usage start date
headerenddate Usage end date
headerstarttime Usage start time
headerendtime Usage end time
headershiftcode Shift code
The header information is used to identify the applicability of the record to a
certain billing period and type.

Tip: All header% variables can be used with the Integrator identifier functions.

A sample header segment for CSR is:
UNIXSPCK,20071016,20071016,00:00:00,23:59:59,1
A sample header for CSR+ starts with:
“CSR+2007101620071016009AIX 0Test“,UNIXSPCK,20071016,..
Identifiers segment
The identifiers segment lists the resource identifier. These identifiers are used
to distinguish one resource from the other before mapping them to an account
code. The account code itself is considered an identifier. The structure of this
segment is:
number of identifiers, identifier name, identifier value, ...


An example identifier segment with three identifiers is:
3,SYSTEM_ID,"lpar04",Account_Code,"AIX 1TEST lpar04", USERNAME,"root"
Resources segment
The resources segment lists the resource metrics. These metrics are used to
meter the usage information for the resource. If the resource metric value is
zero, the resource metric will not be written to the output CSR file. The
resource metric is structured as follows:
# of resources, resource metric name, resource metric value ...
An example resources segment with three metrics is:
3,LLG102,17.471,LLG107,6.914,LLG108,3

Example 4-1 shows the data from two AIX LPARs on two different systems.

Example 4-1 CSR file for AIX Advanced Accounting data
AATRID10,20071030,20071030,01:10:03,01:10:03,1,2,SYSTEM_ID,"02101F170",
Account_Code,"AIX 1TEST lpar04",1,AAID1002,0.016
AATRID10,20071030,20071030,01:15:03,01:15:03,1,2,SYSTEM_ID,"02101F170",
Account_Code,"AIX 1TEST lpar04",1,AAID1002,0.004
AATRID4,20071030,20071030,02:30:07,02:30:07,1,2,SYSTEM_ID,"02101F25F",A
ccount_Code,"AIX 0SAP ohm01",2,AAID0402,120,AAID0407,2048

In Example 4-2, we find the data from two VMware ESX servers (SYSTEM_ID)
and three VMware guests (Instance) that was collected using a single
VirtualCenter Server (Feed).

Example 4-2 CSR file for VMWare processing
VMWARE,20071017,20071017,00:00:00,23:59:59,1,5,HostName,"host-19",Insta
nce,"vm-33",Feed,"ITSC_VC",Account_Code,"WIN 1ESX",SYSTEM_ID,"srv079.it
sc.austin.ibm.com",1,VMCPUUSE,10756036
VMWARE,20071017,20071017,00:00:00,23:59:59,1,5,HostName,"host-19",Insta
nce,"vm-41",Feed,"ITSC_VC",Account_Code,"WIN 4ESX",SYSTEM_ID,"srv079.it
sc.austin.ibm.com",1,VMCPUUSE,10688008
VMWARE,20071017,20071017,00:00:00,23:59:59,1,5,HostName,"host-8",Instan
ce,"vm-31",Feed,"ITSC_VC",Account_Code,"WIN 0ESX",SYSTEM_ID,"srv106.its
c.austin.ibm.com",1,VMCPUUSE,637429

Chapter 4. Configuration 81

The IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager defines some reserved
identifiers that are used for special processing. Those identifiers are:
Account_Code Will be matched with the Account Code Structure and
used for Rate Table selection and Reporting Aggregation.
SYSTEM_ID Used for reading the factor from the Normalization Table
during CPU normalization.
WORK_ID Optionally used for CPU normalization on a z/OS data
collector specifying a subsystem like TSO, JES2, or any
other application (also not z/OS) if needed.
Feed Identifies and defines a sub folder within the process
folder for data transfer.

4.2 Account code hierarchy
The account code is the primary identifier that signifies who should get billed for
the specified system usage. The account code structure has to be defined early
on before you perform any data collection and processing. All the data items
would be labelled by the account code, so it would be very hard to change the
structure. This section explains the usage of the account code within IBM Tivoli
Usage and Accounting Manager and should help you define the account code
structure according to your needs.

The account code is a string with a fixed width field that defines the hierarchy of
the accounting breakdown. The fields would be used to split the account string
used for charging different organizational entities. Figure 4-1 on page 83 shows a
sample account code and its relation to the charging rate.


Account code
Client Financial information Application Host
8 char 12 char 8 char 32 char
CSR record
VMWARE,20071025,20071025,00:00:00,23:59:59,1,

3,Feed,VM1,Account_Code,”ABCDEFG000012340000FINUSAGEsrv106.itsc.austin.ibm.com“,SYSTEM_ID,srv106,

2,VMCPUSY,200,VMDSKRD,345

Rate Rate Group
Rate Table
VMCPUSY VMware
Rate
VMDSKRD

Rate Rate Group
WINCPUUS Windows
Rate
WINDSKWR
Rate
WINMEMHI

Figure 4-1 Sample account code with four parts and the rate code relationship

The first part of the account code is the Client, representing the top level of your
organization. The other parts are hierarchical information for aggregating the
data during reporting. All parts of the account code is used to search the Clients
table to get a rate table. The lookup is performed based on each level of the
account code hierarchy level; if no match is found, it will use the STANDARD rate
table. We can set up a specific Rate Table for any account if necessary. The Rate
in the specific rate table is matched to the resource name in the resources
segment of CSR file to get the appropriate rate information.

Rates are also organized in rate groups. The rate group allows you to report
summary usage based on rate groups. Each rate has the definitions for the
format, type, conversion factor, and money value for all shifts.

Consideration: When you define a new rate group using the ISC Rate menu,
the group name is limited to eight characters. Using the ISC Rate Group
menu, you can rename the group later or create longer names, as the
examples shipped with IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager show.

If a rate has the type CPU, the normalization will be done for this value during
billing based on the identifiers SYSTEM_ID or WORK_ID.


The default account code structure looks like Figure 4-2. This can be maintained
using the Integrated Solutions Console (ISC) menu by selecting Usage and
Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → Account Code Structure.

Figure 4-2 Default IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager account code structure

4.3 User administration
The user administration topic for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is
divided into the following sections:
4.3.1, “User creation” on page 85
4.3.2, “User role definition” on page 86
4.3.3, “User and group mapping” on page 86


4.3.1 User creation
User administration actions are performed right from the Integrated Solutions
Console (ISC). The following procedure adds new users for Web reporting:
1. Log on to the Integrated Solutions Console (ISC).
2. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → Users.
3. On the User List Maintenance page, click New.
4. On the User Maintenance page, complete the following:
User ID Type an ID for the user.
Full Name Type the user’s full name.
E-mail Address Type the user’s e-mail to enable the user to receive
reports through the automatic report distribution
feature. If this feature is not required or if users should
not receive distributed reports, leave this box blank.
Group Select the group that the user should be added to from
the drop-down list or accept the default ADMIN group.
Configuration Options Maintenance
Click to add user configuration options that can be
used for custom reports and Web pages.
Domain Name and Domain User ID
Type the user’s Windows domain name and user ID.
Usage and Accounting Manager Web Reporting and
other Usage and Accounting Manager Web-based
applications provide an automatic logon feature. To
enable a user to use this feature, the user’s Windows
domain name and user ID are required. In addition,
Enable Intranet Auto Login must be enabled on the
Configuration—Reporting page and IIS security for the
Usage and Accounting Manager Web Reporting Web
site and any other Usage and Accounting Manager
sites must be set to Integrated Windows
authentication.
Password If the automatic logon feature for Usage and
Accounting Manager Web applications is not being
used, use this box to type a password for the user or to
change an existing password. The password is
alphanumeric and case-sensitive and can be a
maximum of 16 characters.
5. Click OK to save the new user.


4.3.2 User role definition
A user role can be used to arrange user access for reports. The users with
access to the same role have access to the same set of reports. This section
explains user role creation from the Integrated Solutions Console.

Do these steps:
2. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → Users
and Groups → Administrative User Roles.
3. On the Administrative User Roles page, click Add.
4. On the Administrative User Roles page, type in a User ID defined to the local
operating system and then select the Usage and Accounting Manager
security group or groups that the user should be assigned to:
tuammaint Clients, Rates, Rate Groups, Reports, Report Groups,
Report Distribution, and all sub pages
tuamchargebackadmin
All pages with the exception of Initialize Database,
Database Upgrade, Objects Manager, Database
Manager, Table Manager, Table Viewer, and all sub
pages
tuamadmin All pages
tuamtransaction Miscellaneous, Recurring, or Credit Transaction List
Maintenance and all sub pages
5. Click Next to enable the security.

4.3.3 User and group mapping
User group is another way of grouping users with the same role so that authority
is given to the group, not individual users. After you define the group and the
users, you can associate the user with the new group that you define. This
section explain the procedure:
2. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → Users
Groups.
3. On the User Group List Maintenance page, click the View pop menu icon to
the right of User Group and click New User Group.


4. On the User Group Maintenance page, complete the following:
Group ID Type an ID for the user group.
Description Type a description of the group. The description is
shown on the User Group List Maintenance page.
Account Code Structures Selected and Available
You can add and remove structures from the Selected
and Available boxes. All structures that are displayed
in the Selected box are accessible to users in the
group from the Usage and Accounting Manager Web
site. This feature enables users to dynamically
selected the account code structure that they want to
use to generate reports. If there are multiple account
code structures in the Selected box, set one of the
structures as the default structure by clicking the
structure and then clicking Make Default.
Group Select the group for which the user should be added to
from the drop-down list or accept the default ADMIN
group.
Click to add user configuration options that can be
used for custom reports and Web pages.
Domain Name and Domain User ID
Type the user’s Windows domain name and user ID.
Usage and Accounting Manager Web Reporting and
other Usage and Accounting Manager Web-based
applications provide an automatic logon feature. To
enable a user to use this feature, the user’s Windows
domain name and user ID are required. In addition,
Enable Intranet Auto Login must be enabled on the
Configuration—Reporting page and IIS security for the
Usage and Accounting Manager Web Reporting Web
site and any other Usage and Accounting Manager
sites must be set to Integrated Windows
authentication.
Allow Financial Modeler access
Select this check box to allow users in this group to
access Usage and Accounting Manager Financial
Modeler.


Allow administrative access
Select this check box to give the users in this group
administrative configuration options in Usage and
Accounting Manager Web Reporting.
Click to add user group configuration options that can
be used for custom reports and Web pages.

4.4 Clients and scheduling
This section discusses additional management resources that exists in IBM Tivoli
Usage and Accounting Manager. The resources are discussed in these sections:
4.4.1, “Calendar” on page 88
4.4.2, “Client” on page 89
4.4.3, “Client budget” on page 90
4.4.4, “Client contact” on page 91

Rate related information is discussed in 4.5, “Working with rates” on page 92.

4.4.1 Calendar
Calendar is a mechanism in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager for
defining billing periods. There is a maximum of 52 periods to be defined,
correspond to a weekly billing cycle. To work with Calendar, perform the following
tasks:
2. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance →
Calendar.
3. On the Calendar page, select the year from the Year drop-down list and
complete the following:
Year Select the appropriate year.
New Year Click to add a new year to the calendar.
Delete Year Click to delete the currently shown year.
Period Shows 12 periods for the year, or 13 periods if Use 13
Periods is enabled on the Configuration—Processing
page.


Beginning Date Type a beginning date for the period, use the View
Calendar icon to select a beginning date, or accept the
default date.
Ending Date Type an ending date for the period, use the View
Calendar icon to select a ending date, or accept the
default date.
Close Date Shows the close date for the period if a day-of-month
close date has been set on the
Configuration—Processing page. The close date is
displayed for the period in which it was set, the
previous period, and future periods. If a specific date
close date or no close date has been set, the Close
Date is not shown.
Set From Period 1 Click to have all periods proceed sequentially from the
first period.
4. Click Apply to save the settings.

4.4.2 Client
Clients are organizational units in the billing part of IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager that can be represented by an account code. These clients
are stored in the client table. To work with the client table, perform the following
tasks:
2. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → Chargeback Maintenance →
Clients.
3. Usage and Accounting Manager includes sample clients. Remove these
sample clients before adding clients for the customer’s organization.
4. On the Client List Maintenance page, click New.
5. On the Client Maintenance page, complete the following:
Account Code Type the account code to assign to the client.
Account Name Type the name of the client as it should be shown in
invoices and other reports.
Alternate Account Code
Type an alternate account code if the client account
will be used for reporting systems that have different
standard account codes, such as General Ledger
systems and other reporting formats.


Rate table Select a rate table that is used to calculate client
charges. The STANDARD table is used by default.

Note: To use a rate table other than STANDARD for a client, the CLIENT
SEARCH ON control statement in the BillCntl.txt file must be enabled in
each process definition. Invoice Contact - Shows the contact for the client
(if a contact has been specified). If there are multiple contacts for the client,
select the appropriate contact from the drop-down list.

Action Codes The use of these options is user-specified. These
codes are available for custom reports and can be
used for selecting data.

4.4.3 Client budget
Client budget for individual resources can be specified to compare budget
against an actual usage report. This report allows easy comparison of any
financial line item against the budgeted usage. The client budget definition is
performed using the following tasks:
Clients.
3. On the Client List Maintenance page, click the View pop-up menu icon to the
right of the client to assign the budget to and then click Budgets.
4. On the Budget Maintenance page, complete the following:
Year Select the appropriate year if it is not shown. You can
add or delete year information.
Overall Account Budget
Click to set the overall budget for the client account. To
set budgets for individual resources, click the View
pop-up menu icon to select the rate code or codes for
the resources required. The rate codes are displayed
under Overall Account Budget. Click the individual rate
codes to set the budget for the resource. To remove
the resource budget, click the View pop-up menu icon
to the right of the rate code, and then click Remove
Resource Budget.
Total Budget Amount
Type the total monetary amount to be budgeted for the
consumed resources.


Divide Total Click to divide the value in the Total Budget Amount or
Total Budget Units box by the number of periods and
automatically populate the Period 1 through Period 12
boxes with the result. Note that if the amounts are
changed in either the Total Budget Amount or Total
Budget Units box, this step must be performed again.
Sum Periods Click to add the values that are displayed in the Period
1 through Period 12 boxes and automatically enter the
sum in the Total Budget Amount or Total Budget Units
box. Note that if the amount is changed for a period or
periods, this step must be performed again.
Periods Type in a budget amount for one or more periods to
create a value in the Total Budget Amount or Total
Budget Units box using the Sum Periods button. If you
use the Divide Total box to calculate the period
amounts, leave these boxes blank.

4.4.4 Client contact
Client contacts are client descriptions, such as addresses, phone numbers, and
contact persons. A client contact can be managed from the Integrated Solution
Console by doing the following steps:
Clients.
3. On the Client List Maintenance page, select the check box for the client that
needs to be added as a contact or contacts to and then click Contacts.
4. On the Client Contact List Maintenance page, click New.
5. On the Client Contact Maintenance page, complete the following tabs:
Address The name, address, and e-mail address for the
contact.
Phone Phone numbers, such as voice, fax, and pager for the
contact.
Other Department, office, any comments, and the Web site
URL for the contact.
6. Click OK to save the contact information and return to the Client List
Maintenance page where the new client is shown.


4.5 Working with rates
Rates are managed using the procedures discussed in this section. We discuss
this topic in the following sections:
4.5.1, “Rate group” on page 92
4.5.2, “Rate codes” on page 92
4.5.3, “Alternate rates” on page 94
4.5.4, “Proration table” on page 95
4.5.5, “CPU normalization” on page 96
4.5.6, “Rate shift” on page 97

4.5.1 Rate group
Rate group is a way to apply a different set of rates for different clients. Each
client is mapped to a rate group. The rate group definition is as follows:
Rate Groups.
3. On the Rate Group List Maintenance page, click the View pop-up menu icon
to the right of Rate Groups and then click New Rate Group.
4. On the Rate Group Maintenance page, complete the following:
Name Type the name to assign to the rate group.
Description Type a description of the rate group. This is the value
that is shown on the Rate Group List Maintenance
page and the value that appears for the rate group in
the standard reports that are provided with Usage and
Accounting Manager.

4.5.2 Rate codes
Rate codes can be managed by doing the following steps:
Rates.
3. On the Rate List Maintenance page, click New and input the following
information:
– Rate Code: Type a code to represent the rate. You have a maximum of
eight characters.


– Description: Type a meaningful description of the rate code. The
description is displayed on reports, graphs, and spreadsheets. It is
recommended that units of measurement are included (GB, MB, hours,
minutes, and so on) as applicable.
– Rate Value: Type the amount to be charged for the consumption of the
resource represented by this rate code. The value is multiplied by the
resource amount contained in the matching CSR or CSR+ file.
– Rate Index; Shows the order in which the rate code is displayed in reports.
The order can be changed; however, an index number that is already in
use cannot be typed.
– Rate Table; Select the rate table to add the rate code to from the
drop-down list.
– Rate Group: Select the rate group for the rate code from the drop-down list
or click New Rate Group to create a new rate group. All rate codes must
be assigned to a rate group; if none is specified, it belongs to the All
Unassigned rate group.
– New Rate Group: Click to open the New Rate Group page and create a
new rate group.
– Use 4 decimals for rate: This option determines the number of decimal
digits that appear in the rate value in reports. If this check box is selected,
the rate value includes four decimal digits. If this check box is not selected,
the rate value includes eight decimal digits.
– Resource Conversion: Adjust the total resource units value in reports
using the following conversion factors:
Default No conversion is performed.
Divide By or Multiply By
The total resource units are divided or multiplied by
a set conversion factor (for example, Divide By
1000, Multiply By 60, and so on).
Multiply By Conversion Factor
The total resource units are multiplied by the factor
in the Conversion Factor box.
– Rate is per thousand: Select this check box to change the rate in reports
from per resource unit to per thousand units.
– Do not adjust for zero cost: Select this check box if the associated rate
code should not be included in zero cost calculations.


– Conversion Factor: This box is available only when Multiply By Conversion
Factor is selected in the Resource Conversion box. Type a number by
which to multiply the total resource units for the rate code. This factor can
be up to 16 digits, including a decimal.
– Flat fee money charges: Select this check box if the resource units for the
rate code are considered a monetary amount rather than units of
utilization. In this situation, the resource units and the charges are the
same in reports.
– Resource Decimals: Select the number of decimal digits that appear in the
resource units value in reports, for example, 0=99, 2=99.99, 4=99.9999.
The default is two decimal digits.
– CPU value: Select this check box to normalize CPU usage for this rate.
– Report Flag 1 and 2: The use of these boxes is user-specified. These
boxes allow you to type a one-character value that can be used in custom
reports.
– Currency Symbol: The use of this box is user-specified. This box allows
you to type a currency symbol that can be used in custom reports.
– Detail Description: The use of this box is user-specified. This box allows
you to type a description of the rate code that can be used in custom
reports.
– Comments: Type any comments regarding the rate code.
– Add Rate Shifts: Click to add rate shifts for the rate code. This button
shows only when adding a new rate code. Rate shifts allow you to set
different rates based on the time.
– Edit Rate Shifts: Click to edit rate shifts for the rate code. This button
shows only when you are editing an existing rate code.
– Delete Rate Shifts: Click to delete rate shifts for the rate code. This button
shows only when rate shifts have been created.
– Shift: Shows shift numbers 2 through 9. The rate code has one shift by
default.
– Rate Value: Type the monetary rate value for the shift.
– Description: Type a description of the rate shift.

4.5.3 Alternate rates
Rates are grouped in rate tables. IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
provides a standard rate table that is typically used for billing processing.
Alternate rate tables can be defined to provide different rate schemes for other
clients.


To define a new rate table, do these steps:
Rates.
3. On the Rate List Maintenance page, click New Table or Duplicate Table.
4. On the New Rate Table or Duplicate Rate Table page, type the name to
assign to the rate table.

4.5.4 Proration table
If certain usage cannot be measured from the input data, rates can be calculated
by assigning parts of the overall usage by percentage to different account codes.
This process is called prorating the usage. The translation of the usage is
performed using a proration table.

The proration table is an ASCII text file that defines the identifier values and rate
codes used in the proration process. The proration table must contain records
with the following comma-delimited fields: input identifier value, output identifier
value, percentage, and rate code.

Copy the prorate.txt from the sampleprocessesProrate sample directory.
Modify the prorate.txt table to include the information for each identifier or
account code for which proration needs to be performed. Change these values:
The input identifier value to prorate from. The identifier value is matched
against the following information in the input file:
An identifier name that has been defined in the job file.
The values for that identifier name.

Assume that you have an application that controls print in a centralized
environment and that you want to split all resources used by account code
AAABB among three different accounts: A1, A2, and A3. A1 on average uses
about 50 percent of the resources assigned to the AAABB account, A2 uses
about 30 percent, and A3 uses about 20 percent. To prorate the costs associated
with this application among the three accounts, create the table shown in
Example 4-3.

Example 4-3 Proration table sample
AAABB,A1,50,All
AAABB,A2,30,All
AAABB,A3,20,All


You can also split individual resources among multiple accounts. Using the
preceding example, assume that the only resources from account AAABB that
you want to prorate are represented by the rate codes Z001 and Z002, as shown
in Example 4-4.

Example 4-4 Proration with specific rate codes
AAABB,A1,50,Z001
AAABB,A2,30,Z001
AAABB,A3,20,Z001
AAABB,A1,50,Z002
AAABB,A2,30,Z002
AAABB,A3,20,Z002

In this example, all resources other than Z001 and Z002 would still be charged to
the AAABB account.

If you want to charge account AAABB for a portion of the resources used, for
example, you want to charge account AAABB 60 percent for all resources and
account AACCC 40 percent, create the table shown in Example 4-5.

Example 4-5 Proration with percentage point
AAABB,AAABB,60,All
AAABB,AAACC,40,All

4.5.5 CPU normalization
Another modification of the rate can be applied to CPU values. Different
machines can have relatively different CPU speeds. The CPU usage must be
normalized so that we can charge each usage in a comparable fashion. This
CPU normalization is performed by doing the following steps:
1. Include the NORMALIZE CPU VALUES control statement in one of the
following locations:
a. The job file used to collect and process the data. Use the Bill program
controlCard attribute (that is, <Parameter controlCard="NORMALIZE CPU
VALUES" />).
b. The control file for the Bill program. The control file must be defined in the
job file using the Bill program controlFile attribute. For example,
controlFile=”MyBillCntl.txt”. The default file name is called
BillCntl.txt.


c. For each rate code for which you perform normalization, open the
Integrated Solutions Console Rate Maintenance page and select the CPU
value check box.
2. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → CPU
Normalization.
3. On the CPU Normalization List Maintenance page, click New.
4. On the CPU Normalization Maintenance page, complete the following:
System ID Type the name of the system. For z/OS, this is the
four-character System Model ID. For UNIX and
Windows, it is the computer name. Note that the input
file must contain an identifier named System_ID to
identify the system name.
Application or subsystem
Type the application or subsystem name. This is any
other system value that can narrow the normalization
(for example, the CICS® region name, the DB2 plan
name, or the Oracle instance). Note that the input file
must contain an identifier named Work_ID to identify
the application or subsystem name.
Normalization factor Type the normalization factor. For example, an
organization has two z/OS systems, AL90 and AL95.
System AL95 is 20 percent faster than AL90. If using
AL95 as the base system, use a factor of .80 to
normalize AL90 to reflect the speed of AL95.

4.5.6 Rate shift
Rates can be provided on different shifts. A rate shift can be defined as follows:
Rates.
2. On the Rate List Maintenance page, click the View pop-up menu icon to the
right of the rate code to assign the rate shifts to and then click Edit Rate
Shifts. On the Rate Shift Maintenance page, complete the following:
Rate Value Type the monetary rate value for the shift.
Description Type a description of the rate shift.
Shift numbers 2 through 9 are shown. The rate code has one shift by default.


5

Chapter 5. Administration
This chapter discusses administering IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
V7.1. The discussion is covered in the following sections:
5.1, “Integrated Solution Console” on page 100
5.2, “Load tracking” on page 102
5.3, “Tuning” on page 103
5.4, “Operating and updating” on page 105


5.1 Integrated Solution Console
The Integrated Solution Console is the primary administration interface for IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager. You access the Web console using the
address http://hostname:11052/ibm/console/ using a Web browser. After
logging in, the initial window shown in Figure 5-1 appears. We verify that the
product information matches the version that we have installed.

Figure 5-1 Verifying the installation of the application server

The tasks or navigation menu is on the left side of the window. Figure 5-2 on
page 101 shows the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager related menu
items.


Figure 5-2 Usage and Accounting Manager tasks

The tasks are:
Chargeback Maintenance, which provides data processing options:
Job Runner To control and modify the data processing.
Job Files To maintain the data processing jobs.
Log files For daily checks.
Samples View samples for creating new job files.
Load Tracking Check for data loaded into the database.
Clients Set up the parameters for an client used by
accounting.
Rates Define the parameter and costs for a resource.
Rate Groups Group the rates for reporting purposes.
System Maintenance, which defines basic configurations:
Data Source Define database and WEB service connection
information.
User Access control.
User groups Organize the roles for the users.
Calendar Set up the calendar.
Account Code Structure
Define the structure for accounting data identifiers.

Chapter 5. Administration 101

CPU Normalization Updating the table for normalization based on the
identifier named here.
Identifiers Listing used and unused Identifiers and deleting
unused Identifiers.
Rate Identifier Run automatic update of Rate Identifiers.
Configuration For most basic configuration data, such as paths and
trace level.
Reports Define and list reports available.
Report Groups Organize the reports in groups.
Report Distribution Define the distribution of reports.
Transaction A wizard for editing of the transaction table for
frequently used non-usage input data.
Database To control or check the database settings:
• Initialize Database: Do the initial setup of the database.
• Upgrade Database: Upgrade a database after updating the IBM Tivoli
Usage and Accounting Manager application server software.
• Object Manager: Define and maintain indices, stored procedures,
tables, and views.
• Table Viewer: Check the content of a table. If an ISC session is pending
for some time, it will be disconnected and the last action may be lost.

5.2 Load tracking
One of the major administration items for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager is the data loading to the database. Before the data load, all source
data are just files on the file systems. Once the data is loaded into IBM Tivoli
Usage and Accounting Manager, it is tracked and controlled by the application.

The loading information is stored in the Load Tracking table
(CIMSLOADTRACKING). You can access the Load Tracking information from the
Integrated Solution Console by selecting Usage and Accounting Manager →
Chargeback Maintenance → Load Tracking.

The load tracking information can be filtered using the Source Feed, Load Type,
or other fields. The filtering can use Exact Match or Contains as necessary.

A sample load tracking window is shown in Figure 5-3 on page 103.


Figure 5-3 Load Tracking content

5.3 Tuning
As with any database-based solution, IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
must be continuously tuned. The tuning process ensures that it works at least at
an acceptable performance. The main tuning activities relate to having fast
access to usage and accounting data for reporting. It should also ensure
acceptable response time for administration and job processing.

Tuning aspects are covered in the following sections:
5.3.1, “Tuning Web console for administration” on page 104
5.3.2, “Tuning job processing” on page 104
5.3.3, “Tuning report generation” on page 105


5.3.1 Tuning Web console for administration
The Web console is based on WebSphere Application Server. While the
application does not have any tuning parameters, there are still some
performance options to be performed:
Determine the memory usage of WebSphere Application Server. Add
physical memory if needed. The more the user accesses the Integrated
Solution Console, the more memory WebSphere needs. You can set or limit
the WebSphere Application Server Java heap size in its configuration.
Determine the CPU load. Add virtual or logical CPUs for parallel processing.
If there is performance contention for memory or processing, consider
separating the database and application server. However, this can generate
additional network traffic between them. Having the database and application
server separate but on a local sub-net based on high speed network, such as
Gigabyte Ethernet, would help.

5.3.2 Tuning job processing
Job processing includes reading source data for collection, performing
transformation, and then loading the data into an IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager database. Most of the steps and stages of the job are
running Java Virtual Machine. There are some performance considerations for
the job processing:
Add virtual or logical CPUs for parallel processing or run jobs on different
machines to increase the processing power. However, running the jobs on
multiple machine can affect network load and produce a need for job
synchronization if the jobs are dependent on each other.
Memory contention from a large number of running jobs can be alleviated by
having separate processing servers. This also helps with network load and
synchronization problems.
Database loading performance can be improved by having the database
properly tuned for insertion. IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is
typically used in a database in Insert and Query mode only. The job mainly
performing insertions, not updates. The performance of inserting data into
tables can be ensured by doing the following tasks:
– Pruning old unused data regularly ensures that data remains manageable.
– Ensuring tables have good organization using the REORG utility.
– Ensuring the table statistics are current using the RUNSTAT utility.


– Having the heavily used tables (CIMSSUMMARY, CIMSDETAIL,
CIMSDETAILIDENT, and maybe CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION) on their
own fast disk storage.

5.3.3 Tuning report generation
Report generation of usage and accounting data is the end deliverable of IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager. This is the function that must be defined
for outputting data that has been processed. Report tuning is mainly tuning the
access to data tables (CIMSSUMMARY, CIMSDETAIL, CIMSDETAILIDENT, and
maybe CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION).
Database tuning actions that must be performed on a regular basis:
– Pruning old unused data regularly to ensure a manageable data size; this
can be performed using the DBpurge job step.
– Ensuring tables have good organization using the REORG utility.
– Ensuring the table statistics are current using the RUNSTAT utility.
– Having the heavily used tables on their own fast disk storage.
Report SQL tuning
SQL tuning for specific reports can be performed independently. Collect
information about regularly used and long running reports. For those reports,
determine the tables and columns used for sorting. You may define additional
indices for heavy used columns.

Note: Creating additional indices may reduce the insertion performance of a
table.

5.4 Operating and updating
This section discusses some operational aspect of IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager. The topics are discussed in the following sections:
5.4.1, “Startup” on page 106
5.4.2, “Shutdown” on page 1065.4.3, “Updating” on page 107


5.4.1 Startup
The startup of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is performed by the
administration server system. There are several startup methods for the
embedded WebSphere Application Server:
Windows systems:
– Program FilesibmtuambinstartServer.exe
– Program FilesibmtuamewasbinstartServer.bat server1
UNIX/Linux systems:
– /opt/ibm/tuam/bin/startServer.sh
– /opt/ibm/tuam/ewas/bin/startServer.sh server1

Figure 5-4 details the messages produced by the application as it starts.

[root@srv105 bin]# ./startServer.sh server1
ADMU0116I: Tool information is being logged in file
/opt/ibm/tuam/ewas/profiles/AppSrv01/logs/server1/startServer.log
ADMU0128I: Starting tool with the AppSrv01 profile
ADMU3100I: Reading configuration for server: server1
ADMU3200I: Server launched. Waiting for initialization status.
ADMU3000I: Server server1 open for e-business; process id is 29586
Figure 5-4 Starting ISC

When the Integrated Solution Console WebSphere is started, open a Web
browser and direct it to the Integrated Solution Console at the following address:
http://srv105:11052/ibm/console

5.4.2 Shutdown
The startup IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is performed by the
administration server system. There are several startup methods for the
embedded WebSphere Application Server:
Windows systems:
– Program FilesibmtuambinstopServer.exe
– Program FilesibmtuamewasbinstopServer.bat server1
UNIX/Linux systems:
– /opt/ibm/tuam/bin/stopServer.sh
– /opt/ibm/tuam/ewas/bin/stopServer.sh server1


5.4.3 Updating
When updating the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager, do these steps:
1. Inform all users of the planned outage.
2. Wait for running jobs to be finished.
3. Stop the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager server.
4. Stop any scheduling tools for job processing.
5. Perform an update of the software.
6. Start the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager server.
7. Start the scheduling of job processing.
8. Check that the application is accessible using the ISC Web interface.


6

Chapter 6. Job creation
This chapter discusses job file creation for IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
6.1, “XML job creation” on page 110
6.3, “Integrator program” on page 119
6.4, “Account code mapping” on page 123
6.5, “Non-integrator steps” on page 126


6.1 XML job creation
This section discusses job file structures and a generic processing overview.

6.1.1 Job file structure
XML is a tagged file format similar to Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). XML
only enforces the usage of a pair of start and end tags; the value of the tag and
their attributes are enforced by the referenced extensible style document (.xsd
file). For Job Runner’s job, the style is TUAMJobs.xsd, which is stored in the
/config/schemas directory of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager.

The structure of the XML file is shown in Figure 6-1.

Jobs

Job
Process

Steps
Step Step Step
Stage

Stage

Process

Steps
Step Step Step
Stage

Stage

Figure 6-1 Job file structure

The components of a job file are:
Jobs This is the primary XML container for a Job Runner job
file.
Job A definition of a job provides some global parameters of
the job and some e-mail notification parameters. There is
typically one job per jobs.


Process A process represents a sequentially processed items. You
can have multiple processes within a job. Each process
group would invoke a separate job runner instance to run
in parallel.
Steps The steps construct is a container for step items.
Step A step is the actual definition of what the individual
processing would perform. A step runs an actual program.
Typically, a step would perform a single processing task,
such as billing, scanning, sorting, cleanup, or database
loading; however, there is a special step called integrator
that can be comprised of multiple stages.
Stage A stage is a construct within the integrator step that
signifies an action within the integrator step.

For regular jobs, you can use the command-line Job Runner statements to
integrate IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager jobs into your scheduling
system, as shown in Example 6-1.

Example 6-1 Job Runner command line usage in scheduler definitions
/opt/ibm/tuam/bin/startJobRunner.sh LoadVMware.xml >> LoadVMware.log 2>&1
/opt/ibm/tuam/bin/startJobRunner.sh LoadTDSz1.xml -date today >>
LoadVMware.log 2>&1

The return code for Job Runner might be:
0 No warning or error
4 Warning
16 Error during processing
255 Syntax error within the parameters

Figure 6-2 on page 112 shows the graphical user interface (GUI) for the job
handling. If you select Usage and Accounting Manager → Chargeback
Maintenance → Job Runner → Job Files, you can validate the XML syntax, run
the job, and make small changes to an existing job. For editing and creating
larger job files, we recommend using an specialized XML editor.

Chapter 6. Job creation 111

Figure 6-2 shows the Job Files menu.

Note: As the job file must reside in the jobfiles directory in the processing
server, the XML editor should have access to this folder or path.

Figure 6-2 The Job Runner Job maintenance

6.1.2 Generic processing overview
The data processing in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is similar for
all data sources. Figure 6-3 on page 113 shows the general processing steps for
data handling with IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager. The order or mix
of the steps may be different, depending on the collectors used.


Collected Common Source
data files Resource Aggregation
(CSR) file

Data
Collector
Summarized data
(CSR)
Web or data base
dataSource reprocess

Exception file Account
Account Table
(CSR) Conversion

Output file
Output file
(CSR+) files
Output
(CSR+)
(CSR+)
ITUAMDB
Database
Load
Scan
(Merging)

Billing Summary Billing Output Merged output
Ident file
file file (CSR+)

Normalization & Normalization
Billing (applying rate) & Rate Table

Figure 6-3 Generic process overview with common steps

The process steps in Figure 6-3 are:
1. Many systems already have a resource usage collection function and IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager will use this data for further
processing. The main processing in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager is based on the Common Source Resource (CSR) format. The initial
processing step converts the existing data (SQL table, delimited file, or
others) into CSR format prior to IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
processing.
a. If the metering data is collected in files, these will be transferred to the
application server and converted to CSR format if needed. Some
converters may also include pre-aggregation.


b. If the metering data can be accessed on a database or Web page, the
data extract made by IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager will be
directly from the CSR format.
The IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Integrator can include CSR
conversion, aggregation, account code conversion, and sorting in one step,
thereby producing only one output file.
2. CSR data is aggregated mostly on a daily basis. Aggregation means
summarizing the data based on given identifiers. It calculates the sum of the
data of resource fields based on the identifier values.
3. Account conversion matches the metering data to the account code structure,
and all records that do not fit are put in an exception file, and this exception
file may be reprocessed later after some intervention.
4. CSR or CSR+ files of the same type can be scanned into one file at any time
during the processing.
5. Normalization of CPU values and multiplying by the Rate code is the next
step. The selected Rate Table will be used for calculating the money value. If
the Rate is of the type CPU, the recalculation based on the Normalization
Table is done as well.
Summarize data on the financial and organization level, which provides the
billing files: billing detail, billing summary, and identifier list.
6. Loading all output data into the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
DB completes the processing. There is an automatic duplicate detection that
prevents us from duplicate data loading.

Note: We recommend creating CSR+ records as input for the billing step, or,
alternatively, use the Integrator Sort on the account code. The number of
billing summary rows in the database can be reduced on a CSR file sorted by
the account code. CSR+ data is automatically sorted by the bill process.

6.2 Syntax of main Job Runner directives
The main Job Runner job file directives are jobs, job, process, steps, and step.
Additionally, there is the default directive that provides default parameters on
each level. We explain these directives here.


6.2.1 Jobs
The jobs directive is the primary directive structure of the job file. It contains
global directives for the whole job. Typically, a job file only contains a single job,
so a jobs directive is directly followed by only a job directive.

The arguments of a jobs directive are:
xmlns The name space for the XML file. You would put in
xmlns=”http://www.ibm.com/TUAMJobs.xsd” for an IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager job. This is
required for the jobs directive.
smtpServer The smtpServer that would be used to send notifications.
smtpFrom The indication for the source’s e-mail address.
smtpTo The destination’s e-mail address.
smtpSubject Subject line.
smtpBody Body text.
smtpSendJobLog Boolean parameter on whether or not include the job log
in the body of the e-mail.
joblogFolder Explicitly specifying the log folder for the Job output. The
default path is %HomePath%/logs/jobrunner/<jobid>.
processFolder Explicitly specifying where to write or read source and
generated files. The default is under
%HomePath%/processes/. This process folder is accessible
by the %ProcessFolder% variable.

The jobs directive can only contain the job directive.

6.2.2 Job
The job directive is similar to the jobs directive. The specification on the jobs level
applies. Most of the time, this is where you would specify these parameters.

The arguments of a job directive are:
id The name of the job (required). This name is used to
determine the job log output folder.
description A descriptive name for the job.
dataSourceId An optional data source ID that specifies which database
should be used for the job database connection, including
the configuration settings and loading data. The value


defaults to the Default.Processing data source, as
specified in the local registry.tuam.xml file.
processPriorityClass
Priority of the job.
stopOnProcessFailure
Whether or not to stop the processing if a step fails.
active Whether or not the job is active.
joblogShowStepOutput
Whether or not to write the step output to the job log
result.
joblogShowStepParameters
Whether or not to show the step parameter in the job log
output.
joblogWriteToDB This is not implemented in IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1.
joblogWriteToTextFile
Whether or not a text file is created in the job log output
directory.
joblogWriteToXMLFile
Whether or not an XML file is created in the job log output
directory, the ISC only uses the XML file for displaying the
output; if this option is set to false, you cannot see the
result from ISC.
smtpServer The smtpServer that would be used to send a notification.
smtpFrom The indication for the source’s e-mail address.
smtpTo The destination’s e-mail address.
smtpSubject Subject line.
smtpBody Body text.
smtpSendJobLog Boolean parameter for whether or not include the job log
in the body of the e-mail.
joblogFolder Explicitly specifying the log folder for the Job output. The
default path is %HomePath%/logs/jobrunner/<jobid>.
processFolder Explicitly specifying where to write or read source and
generated files. The default is under
%HomePath%/samples/processes/; this process folder is
accessible by the %ProcessFolder% variable.


The job directive can contain the following directives:
Defaults: Provides additional default parameters for the job elements.
Process: This is the most common direct node under the job directive. You
can have multiple processes that execute in parallel.
Steps: Collection of step directives that must be executed sequentially for this
job. This is typically put under a process directive.

6.2.3 Defaults
The defaults directive provides name value pairs for the containing level (job,
process, or step). The defaults directive can contain any name and value pairs as
arguments.

The defaults directive can contain the default directive. The default directive has
the attribute name and value that can also be used to set any default name and
value pairs. The reserved names that has special processing function are
LogDate, RetentionFlag and programName.

6.2.4 Process
The process directive is used to signify a collection of steps directives that must
be executed sequentially. It is common practice to put a process directive under a
job (instead of steps directly) to allow flexibility when adding other process
directives.

The arguments of a process directive are:
id The name of the process (required). This also indicates
the sub folder for data files in the processes directory.
description A descriptive name for the process.
Process priority.
buildProcessFolder Whether or not the process folder is created (if it does not
already exist).
result.
output.
active Whether or not to execute this process.


The process directive can contain the following directives:
Defaults
Steps

6.2.5 Steps
The steps directive is a container for step directives. It only has a single
argument, which is:
stopOnStepFailure Whether or not to stop the execution in a step that is
considered failed or in error.

The steps directive can only contain the step directive.

6.2.6 Step
The step directive is the main specification of what the job is doing. It can be
written differently depending on the function you are invoking. A step can also be
invoked directly using the StepRunner Java program with the arguments of
nodename, programName, and programType.

The arguments for the step directive are:
id A unique name for the step is required.
description A descriptive name for the step.
programName The name of the program.
type Program type. The only acceptable values are
ConvertToCSR or process.
programType The type of program. Some types are Java, WSF, or
console.
Step priority.
buildProcessFolder This provides an override for the build process folder.
result.
output.
active Whether or not to execute this step.


The combination of only programName and programType determines the
program or action that this step would invoke.

The step can contain the following directives:
parameters: Collection of step parameters.
Step specific directives. Depending on the programName and programType
combination, these directives are mutually exclusive, and are only used with
the corresponding program invoked:
– integrator
– generateexternalfile
– acct
– bill
– dbload
– dbpurge
– jobfileconversion
– generatexmlfile
– cimswindisk or windisk
– cimswineventlog or wineventlog

6.3 Integrator program
The integrator program is a specialized Java program that can contain multiple
stages. This program is used to manipulate and convert a CSR or CSR+
formatted file. The first stage is an input definition, while the last stage is called
CSROutput. Each stage of the integrator program is a record processor; they
process each record and pass it to the next stage, similar to pipeline processing.

An integrator step has both required and optional sections:
<Input> is required and must have at least one of the following elements:
– <Collector>
– <Parameter>
– <File>
<Stage name=”function”> processing stage is needed, and you may use as
many as are needed.
<Stage name=”CSROutput”> or <Stage name=”CSRPlusOutput”> is
required.


The structure of an integrator step is illustrated in Figure 6-4.

<Step id=”integrator” programType=”java” type=”Process”>
<Integrator>
<Input name="CSRInput">
<Files><file name=”CSRinput.txt” /></files>
</Input>
<Stage name="CreateIdentifierFromValue" active="true">
<Stage name="CreateIdentifierFromRegEx" active="true">
<Stage name="Aggregator" active="true"></Stage>
<Parameters><Parameter defaultAggregation="false" />
</Parameters>
</Stage>
<Stage name="ResourceConversion" active="true">
<Stage name="CreateResourceFromValue" active="true">
<Stage name="RenameFields" active="true">
<Stage name="CreateIdentifierFromTable" active="true"></Stage>
<Stage name="CreateIdentifierFromIdentifiers" active="true">
<Stage name="DropFields" active="true">
<Stage name="Sort" active="true"></Stage>

<Stage name="CSROutput" active="true">
<Files><File name="CSRoutput.txt"/></Files>
</Stage>
</Integrator>
</Step>
Figure 6-4 A selection of the most common ConvertToCSR integrator functions

The processing of the integrator step depicted in Figure 6-4 is shown in
Figure 6-5.

Stage CSR.txt
Stage
Input CreateIdentifier Stage Stage
CreateIdentifier
Collector/CSR Lookup Sort Aggregate
Account_Code
mapping

Figure 6-5 Integrator processing

The following sections discuss the stages of the integrator program.

6.3.1 Input
We can choose one of several types for input. The keywords for input names are:
AIXAAInput AIX Advanced Accounting
ApacheCommonLogFormat
Apache HTTP server common log
CollectorInput Specifying a collector program by the Collector name
CSRInput Standard CSR file
NCSAInput WebSphere collector
NotesDatabaseSizeInput
Lotus Notes collector
NotesEmailInput Lotus Notes collector
NotesUsageInput Lotus Notes collector
W3CWinLog Microsoft Internet Information Server collector

Specifically for the CollectorInput type, you can have the collector defined as
follows:
DATABASE Database
DELIMITED Comma or tab delimited file
EXCHANGE2007 Microsoft Exchange server
FIXEDFIELD Fixed field files
TDS Tivoli Decision Support for z/OS database
TPC TotalStorage Productivity Center
TRANSACTION CIMSTransaction table converter
VMWARE Web Services SDK call to VMware Virtual Center
WEBSPHEREXDFINEGRAIN
WebSphere collector
WEBSPHEREXDSERVER WebSphere collector

To specify the default folder for transferred collector files, we use the variable
%CollectorLogs% in the path definition.

6.3.2 Processing
The processing stages can be read from <TUAM reference>. The stage functions
are:
Aggregator
Merging data where all the identifiers are the same and merging them into a
single record by summarizing the resource values.
CreateIdentifierFromIdentifiers
Copying, parsing, and merging identifiers into a new one.


CreateIdentifierFromRegEx
Copying, parsing, and merging identifiers using a regular expression.
CreateIdentifierFromTable
Using a text lookup table to search a matching entry and put it into an
identifier.
CreateIdentifierFromValue
Writing an identifier from a fixed string.
CreateResourceFromConversion
Calculate a new resource from other resources.
CreateResourceFromValue
Create a fixed values resource (we can create resource names longer than
eight characters, but once we want to define them as a rate, the limitation of
eight characters will stop us from using them).
DropFields
Drop a field, either an identifier or a resource.
DropIdentifiers
Drop the identifiers field.
DropResources
Drop the resources field.
ExcludeRecsByDate
Filter some records by a certain date.
ExcludeRecsByPresence
Filter some records because of the presence of a field.
ExcludeRecsByValue
Filter some records by the value for a field.
IdentifierConversionFromTable
Change an identifier using the conversion from the table.
IncludeRecsByDate
Filter records that do not have a certain date.
IncludeRecsByPresence
Filter some records that does not have a certain field.
IncludeRecsByValue
Only get the records that have a certain value.


MaxRecords
Include only a number of records from the CSR file. This function is best for
debugging a collection job.
Prorate
Calculate a resource value based on prorating the value of the other
resource.
RenameFields
Rename an identifier or a resource in bulk.
ResourceConversion
Calculating a new value for a resource based on one or more resource
values.
Sort
Sort the CSR file records based on a certain identifiers’ value.

6.3.3 Output
The output types can only be in the CSROutput or CSRPlusOutput format. The
output encloses a Files directive with a single File directive. A sample Output
stage is shown in Example 6-2.

Example 6-2 Sample CSRPlusOutput stage
<Stage name="CSRPlusOutput" active="true">
<Files>
<File name="%ProcessFolder%/server1/%LogDate_End%.txt" />
</Files>
</Stage>

6.4 Account code mapping
Matching the CSR record identifier from the collected source to a proper account
code that adheres to the account code structure is required for proper reporting.
We collect the data in the CSR format, typically from the input collection process,
as discussed in 6.3, “Integrator program” on page 119.

The recommended way of creating the Account_Code field is by using the
Integrator. An older program called Acct is still valid for backward compatibilities.
However, older programs like Acct should be made obsolete as you roll out new
components, in favor of the integrator account conversion.


Figure 6-6 show the overview of an Account Code conversion.

SYSID,SC67

SYSID,ABC

SYSID,LNXT

CreateIdentifierFromTable
B,G, ITSOFINANCE_____WINDOWS_____
H,R, ITSOADMIN_______LINUX_______
S,Z, ITSOBACKOFFICE__MVS_________

SYSID,SC67 ACCTMP:ITSOBACKOFFICE__MVS_________

SYSID,ABC Exception

SYSID,LNXT ACCTMP:ITSOADMIN_______LINUX_______

CreateIdentifierFromIdentifier
Account_Code = ACCTMP + SYSID

SYSID,SC67 ACCTMP:ITSOBACKOFFICE__MVS_________ ITSOBACKOFFICE__MVS_________SC67____

SYSID,LNXT ACCTMP:ITSOADMIN_______LINUX_______ ITSOADMIN_______LINUX_______LNXT____

DropFields
ACCTMP

SYSID,SC67 Account_Code:ITSOBACKOFFICE__MVS_________SC67____

SYSID,LNXT Account_Code:ITSOADMIN_______LINUX_______LNXT____

Figure 6-6 The Account Code conversion using Integrator


In Figure 6-6 on page 124, we show that the SYSID is used as the key to look up
the value of the ACCTMP field based on the conversion table (AcctTabl.txt). If
there is a record that does not have a matching result, the record is sent to the
exception file. The next stage appends the SYSID to ACCTMP to create the
Account_Code identifier. Then we can remove the ACCTMP field. Example 6-3
shows the integrator implementation of Figure 6-6 on page 124.

Example 6-3 Account conversion using Job Runner Integrator

<Stage name="CreateIdentifierFromTable" active="true">
<Identifiers>
<Identifier name="ACCTMP">
<FromIdentifiers>
<FromIdentifier name="SYSID" offset="1" length="10"/>
</FromIdentifiers>
</Identifier>
</Identifiers>
<Files>
<File name="/opt/ibm/tuam/processes/Accttabl.txt" type="table"/>
<File name="Exception-%LogDate_End%.txt" type="exception"
format="CSROutput"/>
</Files>
<Parameters>

<Parameter exceptionProcess="true"/>
<Parameter writeNoMatch="false"/>
<Parameter sort="true"/>
<Parameter upperCase="false"/>
<Parameter modifyIfExists="true"/>
</Parameters>
</Stage>

<Stage name="CreateIdentifierFromIdentifiers" active="true">
<Identifiers>
<Identifier name="Account_Code">
<FromIdentifiers>
<FromIdentifier name="ACCTMP" offset="1" length="28"/>
<FromIdentifier name="SYSID" offset="1" length="8"/>
</FromIdentifiers>
</Identifier>
</Identifiers>
<Parameters>
<Parameter modifyIfExists="true"/>
<Parameter keepLength="true"/>

</Parameters>
</Stage>

<Stage name="DropFields" active="true">
<Fields>
<Field name="ACCTMP"/>
</Fields>
</Stage>

Using the CreateIdentifierFromTable function, you can specify whether to use
exception processing with the parameter exceptionProcess. If it is true, all
unmatched identifiers will be collected in a exception file, keeping the structure of
the input file for this step; otherwise, the identifier is added with a blank value.

The conversion table for CreateIdentifierFromTable is case sensitive. You can
use the upperCase=true parameter to indicate that the FromIdentifier field is
converted to upper case before matching occurs.

The file specified will be overwritten unless you add the variable
%LogDate_End% to the definition. There will be no accumulation from the last
processing, and we do recommend a separate reprocessing job; otherwise, you
would need to unload all the data and reprocess the complete job once the
account table is updated.

6.5 Non-integrator steps
The step is mainly governed by the progamType and programName attributes.
These attributes determine the way processing is performed. Our test indicates
that the type attributes, though they is required, does not affect processing.
Table 6-1 shows a combination of programName and programType and the
associated program they actually invoke. Other combinations may exist for
maintaining backward compatibilities.

Table 6-1 Program combinations
programType programName Invoked program

Java Integrator integrator.StepRunIntegrator

Java SendMail mail.StepRunMail

Java Acct acct.StepRunAcct

Java Bill bill.StepRunBill

programType programName Invoked program

Java Sort sort.StepRunSort

Java DBLoad load.StepRunLoad

Java DBPurge purge.StepRunPurge

Java JobFileConversion jobfileconversion.StepRunJBConversion

Java Rpd rpd.StepRunRpd

Java Scan scan.StepRunScan

Java Cleanup cleanup.StepRunCleanupScan

Java FileTransfer filetransfer.StepRunFileTransfer

Java WaitFile waitfile.StepRunWaitFile

Java <java program name> java.StepRunJava

Console <program name> console.StepRunConsole

WSF <WSF script name> wsf.StepRunWSF

Java SingleProcessStepa StepRunAcct - StepRunSort - StepRunBill
a. A special step that has the programName of SingleProcessStep and
programType of Java would generate an automatic job with a set of accounting
processing (StepRunAcct), sorting (StepRunSort), and billing (StepRunBill)
steps.

All the directives under steps have the following general attributes:
result.
output.
processFolder Provides an override for the process folder. This does not
apply to the mail program. Note that scan, sort CleanUp,
Scan, FileTransfer, and WaitFile uses ProcessFolder (an
uppercase P).
dataSourceId Provides an override for data source access in the
associated step. This is only used for Load, Purge, and
JobConversion.
dbConfigurationFile Database configuration file for Acct and Bill. This does not
seem to be used.


We discuss, in the following sections, the detailed parameters and processing
function of each invoked program:
“Mail” on page 128
“Acct” on page 128
“Bill” on page 130
“Cleanup” on page 131
“Sort” on page 132
“DBLoad” on page 132
“DBPurge” on page 133
“Scan” on page 133
“Windows script file” on page 136
“File transfer” on page 134
“Wait file” on page 135
“Remote product deployment” on page 135
“Job conversion” on page 135
“Java” on page 136
“Console” on page 136

The discussion of the integrator is provided in 6.3, “Integrator program” on
page 119.

6.5.1 Mail
The mail step allows you to send an e-mail message. The applicable parameters
are:
SMTPServer The SMTP server that would be used to send notification
FromEmail The indication for the source’s e-mail address
ToEmail The destination’s e-mail address
Subject Subject line
Body Contents of the e-mail
AttachFileLocation Files that you would attach to the e-mail

6.5.2 Acct
The acct process derives account code information based on an account code
lookup file (Accttbl.txt). This program is provided as a backward compatibility
option to existing jobs. The newer recommended method is to use the integrator
step’s CreateIdentifierFromTable stage to derive a new identifier for the account
code field.

Before the acct program is run, a temporary step XML file is created. The file is
created in the ProcessFolder with the step’s ID as a name. This program can be


invoked directly using the Java class com.ibm.tuam.acct.AcctMain and supplying
<processFolder> and step.xml as arguments.

The applicable parameters are:
inputFile Input file name (The default is CurrentCSR.txt.).
outputFile Output file name (The default is AcctCSR.txt.).
inputFileEncoding Encoding of input file.
outputFileEncoding Encoding of output file.
controlFile Control parameters (The default is AcctCntl.txt.).
exceptionFile Exception file name (records that cannot be matched).
ControlCard Content of control file in line.
ProcessFolder Processing folder name.
Trace Set tracing to true or false.
accCodeConvTable Account code conversion table text file (The default is
Accttbl.txt.).
accCodeConvTableEncoding
Encoding of the conversion table file

The account processing is illustrated in Figure 6-7.

CurrentCSR.txt AcctCSR.txt
AcctTabl.txt

A, E, acct1
F, N, acct2
O, Z, acct3

Exception.txt

Figure 6-7 Accounting process


6.5.3 Bill
The bill process processes the usage data that already has an account code to
generate billing information. As discussed in 4.2, “Account code hierarchy” on
page 82, an account code is used to get the rate table and find the rate for each
resource in the CSR file. The result of this process is three files:
BillSummary.txt Billing summary in which each account and resource has
the usage and money value shown.
BillDetail.txt Billing detail in which a record is provided that contains
account code and usage entries referring to the identifier.
Ident.txt Identifiers that are referred to by the billing files.

Before the bill program is run, a temporary step XML file is created. The file is
created in the ProcessFolder with the step’s ID as its name. This program can be
invoked directly using the Java class com.ibm.tuam.bill.BillMain and supplying
<processFolder> and step.xml as arguments.

inputFile Input file name (the default is AcctCSR.txt). CSR+ files
are recommended, as they can be sorted by the billing
program for optimization.

Figure 6-8 on page 131 shows an overview of the bill process.


AcctCSR.txt

identifiers1 resources1


ITUAM Database
Bill process select
Rate Table
CIMSClient Table

controlCard
Normalization Rate Table
NORMALIZE CPU
including
CPU check mark .

Billing CPU
Normalization Table

Ident.txt BillDetail.txt BillSummary.txt

resources

Figure 6-8 The bill process overview

Note: We recommend using a CSR file sorted by the account code as the
input file or use a CSR+ file, which is sorted by the billing automatically.

6.5.4 Cleanup
The cleanup step defines the option to clean up the processing directory for older
files. It can either remove the files by date or by age. The applicable parameters
are:
DaysToRetainFiles The age of the files to retain. DaysToRetainFiles and
DateToRetainFiles are mutually exclusive. If both are
specified, DaysToRetainFiles will be used.
DateToRetainFiles The date that denotes the oldest file to retain.
Folder Folder name to clean up. The default is
ProcessFolder/jobid.


Clean Sub Folders Whether or not to clean all sub folders.

6.5.5 Sort
The sort step provides a mechanism for sorting a CSR file line by line. This sort
program does not allow you to select the identifiers to sort on. The applicable
parameters are:
Input File Name Input file. The default is AcctCSR.txt.
Output File Name Output file name. The default is AcctCSR.txt.

Tip: For a more specific sort, based on identifiers, we use the Integrator sort,
which is described in 6.3, “Integrator program” on page 119.

6.5.6 DBLoad
The load step provides the capability to load data into the database. Data is
typically loaded from billing output files.

Before the database load program is run, a temporary step XML file is created.
The file is created in the processFolder with the step’s ID as its name. This
program can be invoked directly using the Java class
com.ibm.tuam.load.DBLoadMain and supplying <processFolder> and step.xml
as arguments.

resourceFile File name for the resource data.
processFolder Folder to get the files.
Trace Whether or not to perform tracing.
detailFile File name for the detail data.
allow Detail Duplicates
Whether or not to allow duplicate loads on the detail file.
summaryFile File name for the summary data.
allow Summary Duplicates
Whether or not to allow duplicate loads on the summary
file.
onEmptyFile Status that indicates if an empty file is found. Possible
values are Success, Warning, or Fail.
identFile File name for the identifier.
encoding File encoding.


loadType Detail, Summary, Ident, All, or Resource.
bulkLoad Whether to invoke the load as a bulk process.

6.5.7 DBPurge
The purge step provides the method to purge data in the IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager database.

Before the purge program is run, a temporary step XML file is created. The file is
created in the processFolder with the step’s ID as its name. This program can be
invoked directly using the Java class com.ibm.tuam.purge.DBPurgeMain and
supplying <processFolder> and step.xml as arguments.

Months To Keep Number of months to retain data, if specified. The start
and end date are ignored.
StartDate Optional start date for purging.
EndDate Optional end date for purging.
Purge Summary Whether or not to purge the summary table.
Purge Bill Detail Whether or not to purge the billing detail table.
PurgeIdent Whether or not to purge the identifier table.
Purge Acct Detail Whether or not to purge the account detail table.
PurgeClient Whether or not to purge the client table.
PurgeRate Whether or not to purge the rate table.
DataSourceID ID of the data source to be accessed.

6.5.8 Scan
The scan step provides the facility of merging multiple CSR files in the
processing folder into a single CSR file. The applicable parameters are:
Use LogDate Range Log date range to be merged.
LogDate A single log date to merge.
Retain File Date Determine the output file name. If Retain File Date is true,
the file name is set to the end date of the log date. If false,
the output file name is CurrentCSR.txt.
Retain Date Flag Whether or not to retain the file date (same as Retain File
Date).


ExcludeFile Exclude merging specified files.
Exclude Folder Exclude merging specified folders.
IncludeFile Include specific files.
Use Step Files Use files generated from previous steps.
Allow Missing Files Allow any files that are not found.
Allow Empty Files Allow files to be empty.

6.5.9 File transfer
The file transfer program provides a facility to perform file transfer between
systems. It provides several different methods for performing file transfer, such as
ftp, scp, sftp, or smb.

continue On Error Whether to stop or continue when an error occurs.
type Transfer type. The keywords are ftp, file, win, windows,
ssh, rsh, and rexec.
overwrite Whether to overwrite the file if it is already there.
ServerName The target server name.
UserId The user ID to be used.
UserPassword The password to be used.
from* Source directories.
to* Target directories.

Some additional parameters for ftp:
OpenType® FTP site type
TransferType Ascii or binary transfer

Additional parameter for secure transfer:
Key Store File Name File to store SSL certificates


6.5.10 Wait file
This waitfile step waits until a file becomes available. The applicable parameters
are:
FileName File name to wait for arrival.
Polling Interval The duration between checks for the file.
TimeOut The total time to wait for the file. This is the value that is
used if both TimeOut and TimeOut Date Time exists.
TimeOut Date Time The time stamp when the program should stop waiting.

6.5.11 Remote product deployment
The remote product deployment (rpd) provides a mechanism to perform file
transfer and product installation. This program is mainly used for deployment of
collector and AIX advanced accounting collection. This uses the same
mechanism as the file transfer process discussed in 6.5.9, “File transfer” on
page 134.

The applicable arguments are:
Host Target host.
UserId User ID to use.
Password Password to use.
Manifest The XML file name that describe the action sequences to
do.
RPD Parameters Various parameters for RPD program as requested by the
Manifest. This is in the form of keyword value pairs.
SourcePath The path where the files to be transferred reside.

6.5.12 Job conversion
This job conversion step is a stand-alone Job runner step for converting IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V6.x job files into a V7.1 job format. The
applicable parameters are:
input Folder Input conversion folder
output Folder Output conversion folder
over Write Output Folder
Whether or not to overwrite any files that already exist


Note: There is another conversion for old Conversion Builder files into an
Integrator stage, which will be not discussed in this book.

6.5.13 Windows script file
The Windows script file (WSF) step is a special step that runs Windows Script
File. It typically contains a Microsoft Visual Basic® program. The execution uses
the csript.exe command. The Visual Basic program is embedded in the
programName argument of the step. The parameters for this step are passed to
the script directly.

6.5.14 Java
The Java step allows you to run arbitrary Java programs. This is typically to
invoke your own Java function or conversion step. You must supply the
appropriate library and command-line options for the Java program. The
applicable parameters are:
Use Command Processor
Whether to invoke the command processor or invoke the
Java class directly
Use Standard Parameters
Whether or not to use standard JVM™ parameters
Java Command Line Command-line argument for the Java Virtual Machine
JavaHome Home directory of the Java executable

6.5.15 Console
The console step allows you to invoke a program on the operating system level.
The applicable parameter is:
Use Command Processor
Whether or not to invoke the command processor


7

Chapter 7. Problem determination
This chapter discusses troubleshooting procedures for IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1. The discussion is covered in the following sections:
7.1, “Job failures” on page 138
7.2, “Database connection” on page 140
7.3, “Web reporting problems” on page 141
7.4, “Trace level” on page 141


7.1 Job failures
One of the most important aspects of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
are the jobs used to collect usage information from the system log. There are
several steps that can be performed whenever you run into problems with jobs.

When performing problem determination for jobs, there are several problem
determination sources:
Job logs output from the running jobs
Job logs can be in plain text format or XML format. The XML job log is for
display in the Integrated Solutions Console, while the plain text job log is
easier for us to read. For job log analysis details, refer to 7.1.1, “Job logs” on
page 138.
Output files from the processing stages
Analyzing the output of the processing stages allows for deeper problem
determination about logic problems of the job. You must identify the default file
names for some stages, as some of the files are produced by default. Refer to
7.1.2, “Output files” on page 139 for more information.

7.1.1 Job logs
Job logs can be read from the Integrated Solutions Console menu by selecting
Usage and Accounting Manager → Chargeback Maintenance → Job
Runner → Log Files. The log files are organized based on the date the job was
executed. You can then open the job log by expanding the job.

Job log messages are arranged in a job - processes - step - stage hierarchy. You
can quickly identify problems in a specific step or stage by looking at items
identified by a red X for error or a yellow triangle for warning. A sample log file is
shown in Figure 7-1 on page 139.


Figure 7-1 The Job Runner log viewer GUI for analyzing the detailed job output

Finding the error message and correcting it is the objective of the problem
determination process. You can look this message up in IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager Reference manual, found at the following address:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/tivihelp/v3r1/topic/com.ibm.it
uam.doc/ref/tuam_pdf_reference.pdf

A common example is AUCPE02000W – The rate id xxxxxx is not defined. For
this message, you must decide whether this resource (rate ID) is needed or not
for recording. Define the unidentified rate in the database, as discussed in 4.5,
“Working with rates” on page 92.

7.1.2 Output files
Some of the programs have a default output file name. The output files are stored
under the processing directory path defined by the IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager configuration. The sub-path for the output file is the process
name.
The scan program is used to consolidate data from feed subdirectories into
one processing file. The default output file is CurrentCSR.txt.

Chapter 7. Problem determination 139

The acct program is used to perform account code conversion on data. It
generates the file AcctCSR.txt that contains the records with the
account_code string. If the record cannot be matched from the lookup table,
the record is written to the exception file in Exception.txt file.
The bill program is used to collect resource usage information and applies
rate information. The bill program generates billing information in
BillDetail.txt, which consists of detailed usage for each identifiers
combination, and BillSummary.txt, which contains summary billing
information for a specific account_code. It also generates identifier lists, which
qualifies each usage detail with a identifier mix in the file Ident.txt.

7.2 Database connection
The Integrated Solution Console is heavily dependent on the database. Any
problem with the database reduced the console’s functionality. Some of the IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager configuration information, such as path
information, is stored in the database.

While the jobs only access the database during the DBload and DBpurge stages,
the ISC requires a database connection. When the ISC database connection
fails, you must diagnose and correct the issue so that the database connection
can be reestablished.

You can discover the cause of the problem by reading the current Trace and
Message log records:
If the database is inaccessible, log into the Database Management interface
and check the status of the database server. If the database server is
stopped, restart it.
When the problem is an authorization one, ensure that the user ID and
password used by IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager to connect to
the database is correct. You can check the data source connection by
selecting Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance →
Data Source, and then modify the user ID or password and test the
connection.


7.3 Web reporting problems
One of the most common problems of the Web Reporting interface is report
generation timing out. Some of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
tables can be quite large, so the processing to generate a report can sometimes
exceed the established timeout. the timeout can be caused by several things:
A network issue, such as a slow connection for report data transfer.
A data volume issue. You can correct this issues by limiting the time range of
the selection.

To change this timeout value, start the Integrated Solutions Console, select
Usage and Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → Configuration,
and select the Reporting tab. Verify the Report Script Timeout value, which can
be 600 – 2700 seconds. Then you can reverify the running of the report.

7.4 Trace level
Logging and tracing for general processing of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager can be managed as follows:
Start the Integrated Solutions Console, select Usage and Accounting
Manager → System Maintenance → Configuration, and click the Logging
tab.
Set Trace file setting. The trace message level can be set to FINE, FINER, or
FINEST. We recommend starting with FINEST, which will output all
messages, and then adjust the setting later as necessary. Look in the trace
file and see which messages are controlled by this setting. The messages
controlled by this setting will start with FINE, FINER, or FINEST.
Set Log file setting. The log message level can be set to SEVERE,
WARNING, or INFORMATION. We recommend starting with INFORMATION,
which will output all messages, and then adjust the setting later as necessary.
Look in the log file and see which messages are controlled by this setting.
The messages controlled by this setting will start with SERVER, WARNING,
or INFORMATION.

Chapter 7. Problem determination 141

8

Chapter 8. Web reporting
This chapter discusses about reporting in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
8.1, “Web reporting interface and user authority” on page 144
8.3, “Producing reports” on page 153
8.4, “Defining a new report” on page 155


8.1 Web reporting interface and user authority
To access the Web reporting interface, do the following steps:
1. Log in to the reporting Web application by going to the address
http://localhost/login.aspx. Alternatively, on the Windows platform where
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager is installed, select Start → All
Programs → IBM Usage and Accounting Manager → Windows Web
Reporting.
2. When the reporting login page appears with the manual logon option, enter
admin in the User ID field and password in the Password field. If you have
auto logon configured for Web reporting, you would be automatically signed
on with the message:
Welcome username, you are currently signed on as user ID.
The user ID for the reporting system is stored in the IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager database. During database initialization, IBM Tivoli
Usage and Accounting Manager adds a default user and user group that has
administrative privileges in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Web
Reporting and can view all reports and clients. The ID for the default user is
admin and the password is password. The user admin belongs to the default
user group named Admin.
3. To change the password for the user, select the Change Password check
box and then click OK. On the Change User Password page, type the current
password and the new password as directed. The password is alphanumeric
and case-sensitive and can be a maximum of 16 characters. Click OK to
change the password and return to the home page.
4. User access to the reporting interface is administered from the Integrated
Solution Console. Select Usage and Accounting Manager → System
Maintenance → Users to manage and add users, and select Usage and
Accounting Manager → System Maintenance → User Groups to manage
user groups and to associate a user to a user group.
5. By default, new users are added to the Admin group, which has administrative
access enabled and full access to all reports (that is, members of the group
have access to all reports). You can restrict user access to reports by:
a. Creating a group or groups that do not have administrative access enabled
(the Allow Administrative Access check box is not selected).
b. Clicking the View pop-up menu icon for Reports Allowed and either add
the Report Opens the Available Reports page, where individual reports
can be added to the user group, or select Allow All Reports to add all
reports to the user group. In this window, you can also remove an
assigned report by clicking Remove.


c. Adding the appropriate users (users that belong to a group that have
administrative access enabled have access to all reports).
d. Ensuring that the Use Report Access Security check box on the
Configuration—Reporting page is selected (this check box is selected by
default). If this check box is not selected, all users can access all reports
regardless of whether administrative access is enabled for their group.

8.2 Web reports
The following are the available Web reporting reports that are provided by IBM
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager.
Account Budget for Period and YTD report
The Account Budget for Period and YTD report provides
actual, budget, and difference charges by account code
for the parameters selected. This report includes totals for
the calendar period selected and year to date (YTD).
Account Summary by Week report
The Account Summary by Week report provides the total
weekly and monthly charges by account code and rate
code description for the parameters selected.
Account Summary by Week-Wide report
The Account Summary by Week-Wide report is similar to
the Account Summary by Week report, except that the
weeks are displayed across the top of the page.
Account Summary Daily 2 report
The Account Summary Daily 2 report is similar to the
Account Summary Daily report, except that the month
(rather than the account code) appears at the top level of
the report.
Account Summary Daily report
The Account Summary Daily report provides total daily
and monthly charges by account code and rate code
description for the parameters selected.
Account Summary Week spreadsheet
The Account Summary Week spreadsheet provides
account summary weekly information by account code for
the parameters selected.

Chapter 8. Web reporting 145

Account Summary YTD Cost by Rate Group spreadsheet
The Account Summary YTD Cost by Rate Group
spreadsheet provides account summary YTD information
by rate code description for the rate group selected for the
parameters selected.
Account Summary YTD by Rate spreadsheet
The Account Summary YTD by Rate spreadsheet
provides account summary YTD information by rate code
Account Summary YTD report
The Account Summary YTD report provides the total
monthly and YTD charges by account code, rate group,
and rate code description for the parameters selected.
Account Summary YTD spreadsheet
The Account Summary YTD spreadsheet provides
year-to-date account summary information, by account
code, for the parameters selected.
Account Summary YTD-Wide report
The Account Summary YTD-Wide report is similar to the
Account Summary YTD report; however, the months are
displayed across the top of the page.
Account Total Invoice report
The Account Total Invoice report provides the total
charges by each level of the account code structure for
Alternate Invoice report
The Alternate Invoice report provides charges by account
code and rate code description for the parameters
selected. An optional graph showing total expenses by
account code is also included.
Batch report The Batch report provides z/OS batch job data for the
parameters selected. This data is taken from the
CIMSDetail table.
CICS Transaction report
The CICS Transaction report provides data for CICS
transactions by transaction ID for the parameters
selected. This data is taken from the CIMSDetail table.
Client report The Client report provides the information contained in
the CIMSClient table for the parameters selected.
Configuration report The Configuration report provides information contained
in the CIMSConfig table.


Cost Trend report The Cost Trend report provides total charges by account
code for each month of the year for the parameters
selected. Monthly charges for each account code are
presented on a single line. To print this report, use
landscape mode on legal paper.
Cost Trend-Accounts Graph report
The Cost Trend Accounts Graph report provides the total
charges for all account codes for each month for the
parameters selected followed by charges for individual
account codes for each month.
Cost Trend by Rate report
The Cost Trend by Rate report provides total charges by
rate code description and rate group for each month of the
year for the parameters selected. To print this report, use
landscape mode on legal paper.
Cost Trend-Rates Graph report
The Cost Trend Rates Graph report provides the total
charges for all rate codes for each month for the
parameters selected followed by charges for individual
rate codes for each month.
Cost Variance Drill Down report
The Cost Variance Drill Down report provides a
comparison of charges by rate code description and rate
group for a specified month and the month prior for the
Cost Variance report The Cost Variance report provides a comparison of
charges by account code, rate code description, and rate
group for a specified month and the month prior for the
Daily Crosstab Charges report
The Daily Crosstab Charges report provides total daily
charges by account code and rate code description for the
Daily Crosstab Usage report
The Daily Crosstab Usage report provides total daily
resource usage by account code and rate code
DB2 Summary report
The DB2 Summary report provides DB2 data for the
parameters selected. This data is taken from the
CIMSDetail table.


Detail by Identifier Crosstab report
The Detail by Identifier Crosstab report provides total
charges by rate code for a selected identifier value or
values for the date range selected.
Detail by Identifier by Date Crosstab report
The Detail by Identifier by Date Crosstab report provides
total and total daily charges by rate code for a selected
identifier value or values for the date range selected.
Detail by Rate Group/Identifier report
The Detail by Rate Group/Identifier report is similar to the
Detail by Rate Group report. However, in the Rate
Group/Identifier report, the resource units are broken
down by identifier value for the identifier name selected.
Detail by Rate Group report
The Detail by Rate Group report provides total resource
units used for the first eight rate code descriptions in a
rate group for the parameters selected. If applicable, a
total for the next highest level of the account code
appears.
Detail Rate Codes by Identifiers report
The Detail Rate Codes by Identifiers report shows
resource units consumed for a maximum of five rate
codes and five identifiers.
Detail Rate Codes by Identifiers/Account report
The Detail Rate Codes by Identifiers/Account report
shows resource units consumed by account code for a
maximum of five rate codes and five identifiers.
Disk Directory Resource report
The Disk Directory Resource report provides Windows
disk storage data for the parameters selected. This data is
taken from the CIMSDetail table.
Invoice by Account Code spreadsheet
The Invoice by Account Code spreadsheet provides
invoice information by account code for the parameters
selected.
Invoice by Account Level report
The Invoice by Account Level report provides charges by
account code, rate group, and rate code description for
the parameters selected. An optional graph showing total
expenses by account code is also included.


Invoice by Rate Group spreadsheet
The Invoice by Rate Group spreadsheet provides invoice
information for the rate codes within a selected rate group
for the parameters selected.
Invoice Drill Down for Rate Group report
The Invoice Drill Down for Rate Group report enables drill
down of the charges for a rate group by identifier name.
Invoice Drill Down for Rate Group by Date report
The Invoice Drill Down for Rate Group by Date report is
similar to the Invoice Drill Down for Rate Group report.
However, it also provides a breakdown of the data by
date.
Invoice Drill Down for Units report
The Invoice Drill Down for Units report enables drill down
of resource units by up to five identifier names.
Invoice report The Invoice report provides charges by account code,
rate code description, and rate group for the parameters
selected.
Invoice spreadsheet The Invoice spreadsheet provides invoice information for
Invoice with Shifts report
The Invoice with Shifts report provides charges by
account code, rate group, and rate code description
broken down by shift for the parameters selected, if the
CIMSSummary table contains multiple shift codes for a
rate code.
Line Item Budget for Period and YTD report
The Line Item Budget for Period and YTD report provides
actual, budget, and difference charges by account code,
rate group, and rate code description for the parameters
selected.
Monthly Crosstab Charges report
The Monthly Crosstab Charges report provides total
monthly charges by account code and rate code
Monthly Crosstab Usage report
The Monthly Crosstab Usage report provides total
monthly resource usage by account code and rate code


MS Exchange 2000 Resource report
The MS Exchange 2000 Resource report provides
Exchange 2000 Server data for the parameters selected.
This data is taken from the CIMSDetail table.
MS SQL Server 2000 Resource report
The MS SQL Server 2000 Resource report provides SQL
Server 200 trace file data for the parameters selected.
This data is taken from the CIMSDetail table.
Percentage report The Percentage report provides the total charge by
account code for the parameters selected and specifies
the percentage of that charge in relationship to the total
charges for all account codes. This report also provides a
breakdown of the percentage by rate group and rate code
description for each account code.
Rate report The Rate report provides the information contained in the
CIMSRate and CIMSRateGroup tables.
Report Both template
The Report Both template produces Both reports that
show resource usage and charges by account codes and
rate code description for the parameters selected.
Report Cost template
The Report Cost template produces Cost reports that
show charges by account code and rate code description
Report Resource template
The Report Resource template produces resource
reports that show resource usage by account code and
Resource Trend Graph report
The Resource Trend Graph report provides the total
resource usage for all rate codes for each month for the
parameters selected followed by resource usage for
individual rate codes for each month.
Resource Usage Trend report
The Resource Usage Trend report provides total resource
usage by rate code for each month of the year for the
parameters selected. It is ordered by account code, rate
group, and rate code. To print this report, use landscape
mode on legal paper.


Resource Variance report
The Resource Variance report provides a comparison of
resource usage by account code, rate group, and rate
code description for a specified month and the month
prior for the parameters selected.
Run Total Invoice report
The Run Total Invoice report provides total charges by
rate group and rate code description for the parameters
selected.
Run Total Invoice spreadsheet
The Run Total Invoice spreadsheet provides total invoice
information by rate code for the parameters selected.
Run Total Invoice with Shifts report
The Run Total Invoice with Shifts report shows the units,
rates, and charges for each rate code description, by shift.
The CIMSSummary must contain more than one shift
code for a rate code before that information can be broken
down by each shift.
Run Total Percent report
This report is the same as the Run Total Invoice report,
except that the drill down includes percent total by
account code in addition to units, rate, and charge.
Run Total Rate Group Percent report
This report provides charges and percentage by rate
groups for the parameters selected.
Spreadsheet Both template
The Spreadsheet Both template produces Both
spreadsheets that show resource usage and charges by
account code and rate code description for the
Spreadsheet Cost template
The Spreadsheet Cost template produces Cost reports
that show charges by account and rate code description
Spreadsheet Resource template
The Spreadsheet Resource template produces Resource
spreadsheets that show resource usage by account and


Summary Crosstab Charges report
The Summary Crosstab Charges report provides total
charges by account code and rate code description for the
Summary Crosstab Usage report
The Summary Crosstab Usage report provides total
Summary by Rate Group Crosstab Charges report
The Summary by Rate Group Crosstab Charges report
provides total charges by account code and rate code
description for the rate codes within a selected rate group
Summary by Rate Group Crosstab Usage report
The Summary by Rate Group Crosstab Usage report
provides total resource usage by account code and rate
code description for the rate codes within a selected rate
group for the parameters selected.
Top 10 Accounts for Rate spreadsheet
The Top 10 Accounts for Rate spreadsheet provides the
account codes with the highest usage of a specified rate
code for the parameters selected. For example, if you type
3 as the Top N parameter, the three account codes with
the highest rate code usage appear. If you leave the Top
N parameter blank, the account codes with the ten
highest rate code usage appear.
Top 10 Bar Graph report
The Top 10 Bar Graph report is similar to the Top Cost
report. However, it provides accounts codes with the 10
highest charges for the parameters selected and it
provides the data in bar graph as well as table format.
Top 10 Pie Chart report
This report is similar to the Top Cost Report. However, it
provides accounts codes with the 10 highest charges for
the parameters selected, and it provides the data in pie
chart as well as table format.
Top Accounts for Rate report
The Top Accounts for Rate report provides the account
codes with the highest usage of a specified rate code for
the parameters selected. For example, if you type 3 as the
Top N parameter, the three account codes with the
highest rate code usage appear. If you leave the Top N


parameter blank, the account codes with the ten highest
rate code usage appear.
Top Cost report The Top Cost report provides the account codes with the
highest charges for the parameters selected. For
example, if you type 3 as the Top N parameter, the three
account codes with the highest charges appear. If you
leave the Top N parameter blank, the account codes with
the ten highest charges appear.
Transaction report The Transaction report provides the Miscellaneous,
Recurring, and Credit transactions for the parameters
selected.
Weekly Crosstab Charges report
The Weekly Crosstab Charges report provides total
weekly charges by account code and rate code
Weekly Crosstab Usage report
The Weekly Crosstab Usage report provides total weekly

8.3 Producing reports
There are two types of reports in IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager.
Reports that can contain usage data for processing in a spreadsheet application
or can contain invoices for billing to customers or departments. To produce the
reports, do these steps:
1. Log in to the reporting Web application. Go to the address
http://localhost/login.aspx.
2. When the reporting login page appears, enter admin in the User ID field and
password in the Password field.
3. From the reports tool bar, click Run Reports. This shows the list of available
reports, which is shown as an expandable tree. The categories are:
– Invoices
– Account Reports
– Top Usage Reports
– Trend, Resource Detail
– Other
– Custom


4. You can also select Run Spreadsheets. There are two types of spreadsheet:
Standard and Crosstab.
5. Select the desired report or spreadsheet. Clicking it will bring up the
Parameter page. Provide the appropriate report parameters. Some of the
typical parameters are:
Account Code Structure name
This can be the standard structure or any other
alternative structure.
Account Code Level The account code level that is required to view the
report. For example, the account code AABBBBCCC
might contain three levels: the two-digit company code
AA, the 6-digit division code AABBBB, and the 9-digit
department code AABBBBCCC. The resource use
and charge data in the generated report reflects the
level that has been select.
Starting and Ending Account Code
This parameter works in conjunction with the Account
Code Level parameter and specifies the range of
account codes for that level that appear in the report. If
all account codes for that level are to appear in the
report, click Lowest Possible Account for the starting
account code and Highest Possible Account for the
ending account code. If specific account codes are
required, click the appropriate start and end codes, or
click Custom and input the start and end codes.
Invoice Number Some invoice reports contain separate invoices for the
selected account codes. If this parameter is blank (the
default), invoice numbering begins with 1. Use this
parameter to begin invoice numbering from another
number, if necessary. The administrator determines
whether this parameter is displayed for invoices. If this
parameter is not available, the invoice number set in
the CIMSConfigOptions table in the database is used,
and invoice numbers continue to increase sequentially
each time an invoice is run. For example, if the last
invoice in a report was 99, the next invoice that is run
will begin with invoice number 100.
Date Range The date range filters the view of the report. Dates for
a report refer to the reporting period that was assigned
when the report was created.
6. Click OK. The report runs and appears.


8.4 Defining a new report
Although IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager provides plenty of
predefined reports, eventually you may need to define additional reports that only
select a subset or a super-set of data that is not available in the standard reports.
Thus, you must define a new report or a new spreadsheet. To define a new
report, do these steps:
1. Log in to the reporting Web application at the address
http://localhost/login.aspx. Select the report that most closely matches
the one you need.
2. Select Reports → Create a Report. The Create a Report page opens.
Specify or update the following parameters for the report:
Report Select New to create a new report or spreadsheet or
select an existing report or spreadsheet to update the
report or spreadsheet.
Type Select the report or spreadsheet type that you want to
create. You can select one of the following types:
• Resource (resource usage by account and rate code
description)
• Cost (charges by account and rate code description)
• Both (resource and cost information)
Name Specify a name that you want to assign to the report or
spreadsheet. The name is used to identify the report
or spreadsheet in the list of published reports or
spreadsheets, search queries, or designated as a
favorite report or spreadsheet on the Home page.
Description Enter a descriptive summary of the report or
spreadsheet.
Visible to all users Check to make the report or spreadsheet available to
all Web users. Deselect to make the report or
spreadsheet available only to you. This check box is
unchecked by default.
Resource For each column box, select the rate code that you
want to appear in that column. You can select up to
four columns for Resource reports and eight columns
for Cost or Resource reports.


Decimal Places Specify the number of decimal digits that you want to
appear in the resource units. For example, if you
specify two decimal digits, the resource usage amount
is displayed as follows: 65.03.
3. If you are creating a new report, click New or click Update if you are updating
a report or spreadsheet. The name and at least one rate code for an existing
report or spreadsheet must be shown before you click Update.
4. After you create a report or spreadsheet, the report or spreadsheet is shown
on the Reports or Spreadsheets page under a report group determined by the
administrator.

8.5 Batch reporting
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager provides an alternative way to
produce reports. You do not need to log in and go through the Web reporting
pages to create the report if you want to have the report run regularly. This
capability is provided with batch reporting.

Batch reporting enables you to automate the generation of published reports. A
published report is a report that has been saved with the data that was generated
at the time the report was run. Publishing a report enables users to view a report
without having to regenerate it. The report displays quickly because the data has
already been read from the database and formatted.

Batch reporting also enables you to provide published reports to users in a way
that best meets the needs of users, including attaching the report to an e-mail or
including a link to the report in an e-mail.

The batch reporting is provided as an executable BatchReporting program under
the lib subdirectory. To invoke batch reporting, you must publish the report you
run and define its distribution list and distribution cycle from the Integrated
Solution Console.


A

Appendix A. Sample test
This appendix provides a sample test and an answer key for the IBM Tivoli Usage
and Accounting Manager implementation certification.


Sample test
Answer the following questions:
1. When creating and editing IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1
job files, which skill set is needed?
a. Working knowledge of XML
b. Working knowledge of Shell and .BAT scripting
c. Basic knowledge of database-stored procedures
d. Basic knowledge of Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT)
Report Designer
2. Consider the following 36-byte account code:
AAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
How can this be broken in to three account code levels?
a. Level 1, AA
Full Length = 2 bytes
Description = Application
Level 2, AAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
Description = Resource group
Level 3, AAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Description = Platform
b. Level 1, AAAA
Level 2, AAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
Level 3, AAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
c. Level 1, AAAA
Level 2, AAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC


Level 3, AAAACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
d. Level 1, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Level 2, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
Level 3, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBAAAA
3. Which report provides the Miscellaneous, Recurring, and Credit transactions
for the parameters selected?
a. Cost Trend report
b. Transaction report
c. Percentage report
d. Run Total Percent report
4. To verify installation, after running sample collector data, where can database
loads be tracked in Load Tracking?
a. Database
a. Job Runner
a. System Maintenance
a. Chargeback Maintenance
5. There is an application that controls print in a centralized environment, and
there is a need to split all resources used by overhead account code AAABB
among three different accounts: A1, A2, and AA1. On average, A1uses about
50 percent of the resources assigned to the AAABB account, A2 uses about
30 percent, and A3 uses about 20 percent. To prorate the costs associated
with this application among the three accounts, which comma-delimited table
would need to be created?
a. AAABB,A1,50,All
AAABB,A2,30,All
AAABB,A3,20,All
b. AAABB,A1,50,Z001
AAABB,A2,30,Z002
AAABB,A3,20,Z003

Appendix A. Sample test 159

c. AAABB,AAABB,50,All
AAABB,AAACC,30,All
AAABB,AAADD,20,All
d. AAABB,A1,50,Z001
AAABB,A2,30,Z001
AAABB,A3,20,Z001
AAABB,A1,50,Z002
AAABB,A2,30,Z002
AAABB,A3,20,Z002
AAABB,A1,50,Z003
AAABB,A2,30,Z003
AAABB,A3,20,Z003
6. What is the purpose of running the UNIX command
${TUAM_HOME}/bin/startServer.bin?
e. Starts Embedded WebSphere Application Server.
f. Starts database and starts Embedded WebSphere Application Server.
g. Starts Embedded WebSphere Application Server and verifies it is running.
h. Checks that the database is running and starts Embedded WebSphere
Application Server.
7. What is the purpose of transaction collectors?
i. To convert data for TDS for z/OS
j. To add manual or regularly applied usages
k. To get usage data from application systems
l. To generate statistics on the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
V7.1 usage
8. Which Integrator stage is always required?
a. Sort
b. Input
c. Aggregator
d. CSROutput


9. If the value for the Report Timeout Script is set to a high value in the
Integrated Solutions Console and reports continue to time out, what is the
next step to take?
a. Delete and recreate the report.
b. Have users run the report at a less busy time.
c. Create two reports from the one report that is timing out.
d. Log in directly to the Web Reporting Server and execute the report that is
timing out.
10.What is the minimum requirement before creating or updating a report or
spreadsheet?
a. The name and at least one rate code
b. Only the name of the new report or spreadsheet
c. The name, and ensure Visible to All Users is checked
d. The name and description of the new report or spreadsheet
11.During database initialization, IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager
V7.1 (TUAM) adds a default user and user group for Web Reporting. What is
the name of the default user group?
a. Admins
b. TUAMUsers
c. TUAMAdmins
d. Administrators

Appendix A. Sample test 161

Answer key
The following are the answers for the questions in “Sample test” on page 158.
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. D
10.A
11.D


Abbreviations and acronyms
AIX Advanced Interactive LPAR Logical Partition
eXecutive LU Logical Unit
AIXAA AIX Advanced Accounting MB Megabyte
ARM Application Response MVS Multiple Virtual Storage
Measurement
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
BIRT Business Intelligence and
Reporting Tools OGC Office of Government
Commerce
CMDB Configuration Management
Database OS Operating System
CPU Central Processing Unit POC Proof of Concept
CSR Common Source Format RAF Resource Accounting Facility
DB2 Database 2 ROI Return on Investment
DDF Distributed Data Facility RPD Remote Product Deployment
FTP File Transfer Program SDK Software Development Kit
GB Gigabytes SFTP Secure FTP
GUI Graphical User Interface SMF System Measurement Facility
HFS Hierarchical File System SOA Service-Oriented Architecture
HTML Hypertext Markup Language SQL Structured Query Language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol SSH Secure Shell
HTTPS HTTP Secure SSL Secure Socket Layer
I/O Input/Output TDS Tivoli Decision Support
IBM International Business TPC TotalStorage Productivity
Machines Corp. Control
IIS Internet Information Server TSO Time Sharing Option
IP Internet Protocol TUAM Tivoli Usage and Accounting
Manager
ISC Integrated Solution Console
TWS Tivoli Workload Scheduler
IT Information Technology
UDB Universal Database
ITIL® Information Technology
Infrastructure Library URL Universal Resource Locator
ITSO International Technical VCDB Virtual Center database
Support Organization VIOS Virtual I/O Server
JCL Job Control Language XML eXtensible Markup Language
JDBC Java Database Connectivity
JVM Java Virtual Machine


Related publications

The publications listed in this section are considered particularly suitable for a
more detailed discussion of the topics covered in this book.

IBM Redbooks
For information about ordering these publications, see “How to get Redbooks” on
page 166. Note that some of the documents referenced here may be available in
softcopy only.
Deployment Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1,
SG24-7569
IBM Tivoli Usage Accounting Manager V7.1 Handbook, SG24-7404

Other publications
These publications are also relevant as further information sources:
Handbuch zur Server-Konfiguration ESX Server 3.0.1 und VirtualCenter
2.0.1, Artikelnummer: VI-DEU-Q406-314
Installation and Upgrade Guide ESX 3.0.1 and VirtualCenter 2.0.1, VMware
Item: VI-ENG-Q306-292
Program Directory for Tivoli Decision Support for z/OS (English) V01.08.00,
GI11-4249
Server Configuration Guide ESX Server 3.0.1 and VirtualCenter 2.0.1,
VMware Item: VI-ENG-Q206-215
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Data Collectors for Microsoft Windows
User’s Guide Version 6.1.1, SC32-1557
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Data Collectors for UNIX and Linux
User’s Guide Version 6.1.1, SC32-1556
Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Quick Start Guide, GC23-6188
Virtual Infrastructure Web Access Administrator’s Guide ESX Server 3.0.1
and VirtualCenter Server 2.0.1, VMware Item: VI-ENG-Q306-294


Online resources
These Web sites are also relevant as further information sources:
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager publication center
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/tivihelp/v3r1/index.jsp?top
ic=/com.ibm.ituam.doc_7.1/welcome.htm
IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager Web site
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/usage-accounting/

How to get Redbooks
You can search for, view, or download Redbooks, Redpapers, Technotes, draft
publications and Additional materials, as well as order hardcopy Redbooks, at
this Web site:
ibm.com/redbooks

Help from IBM
IBM Support and downloads
ibm.com/support

IBM Global Services
ibm.com/services


Index
certification overview 1
Symbols CIMSDETAIL 36
/opt/ibm/tuam/bin/RunSamples.sh command 75
CIMSDETAILIDENT 36
/opt/ibm/tuam/ewas/profiles/AppSrv01/bin 106
CIMSLOADTRACKING 34, 102
CIMSRATE 73
A CIMSRate 73
account code 82 CIMSRESOURCEUTILIZATION 37
account code hierarchy 82 CIMSSUMMARY 35
account code mapping 123 Cleanup 131
account code structure 27 Client 83
account conversion 123 client budget 90
Account_Code 82 client contact 91
Acct 128 clients 88–89
acct 119 collector selection 29
acct process 128 CollectorInput 121
AcctCntl.txt 129 commands
AcctCSR.txt 129 csript.exe 136
Aggregator 121 RunSamples.bat 13
AIXAAInput 121 RunSamples.sh 75
alternate rate 94 startServer.bat 63
ApacheCommonLogFormat 121 stopServer.bat 63
auto logon 144 Common Source Resource, see CSR
Console 136
CPU normalization 96
B CreateIdentifierFromIdentifiers 121
Bill 130
CreateIdentifierFromRegEx 122
bill 119
CreateIdentifierFromTable 122
BillDetail.txt 130
CreateIdentifierFromValue 122
BillSummary.txt 130
CreateResourceFromConversion 122
BIRT 12, 31, 158
CreateResourceFromValue 122
Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools, see
CSR 113
BIRT
CSR Plus Header 80
CSRInput 121
C csript.exe command 136
calendar 88 CurrentCSR.txt 129
certification
benefits 3
checklist 5 D
data sources 63
job role description 7
DATABASE 121
key areas of competency 7
database 32
objectives 8
database configuration 59
prerequisite skills 7
database initialization 66
recommended study resources 22
database sizing 32
requirements 8


DBLoad 132 Ident.txt 130
dbload 119 IdentifierConversionFromTable 122
DBPurge 133 Identifiers 80
dbpurge 119 IIS 30, 43, 74
defaults directive 117 implementation platform 31
DELIMITED 121 IncludeRecsByDate 122
DropFields 122 IncludeRecsByPresence 122
DropIdentifiers 122 IncludeRecsByValue 122
DropResources 122 installation
application server 54
database configuration 59
E Enterprise Collector Pack 67
ECP 12, 67
overview 42
Enterprise Collector Pack, see ECP
platform 43
EXCHANGE2007 121
prerequisites 43
ExcludeRecsByDate 122
verification 71
ExcludeRecsByPresence 122
Integrated Solutions Console, see ISC
ExcludeRecsByValue 122
integrator 119
integrator program 119
F Internet Information Services, see IIS
Feed 82 ISC 13–14, 84
File transfer 134
files
C:IBMtuamewasbinopServer.bat 63 J
Java
C:IBMtuamewasbinstartServer.bat 63
job
LoadVMware.xml 111
Java 136
startJobRunner.sh 111
JDBC driver 60
FIXEDFIELD 121
job
Acct 128
G Bill 130
graphical user interface, see GUI Cleanup 131–132
GUI 111 Console 136
conversion 135
DBLoad 132
H
headeraccountcode 80 DBPurge 133
headeraccountcodelength 80 File transfer 134
headerenddate 80 Mail 128
headerendtime 80 rpd 135
headerrectype 80 Scan 133
headershiftcode 80 Wait file 135
headerstartdate 80 WSF 136
headerstarttime 80 Job conversion 135
heap size 104 job directive 115
HTML 110 job file 110
Hypertext Markup Language, see HTML structure 110
job logs 138
job processing 104
I job role description 7
IBM Professional Certification Program 2


jobs directive 115 R
rate 92
rate codes 92
K
key areas of competency 7 rate group 92
rate groups 83
rate shift 97
L Rate Table 83
load tracking 102 Redbooks Web site 166
LoadVMware.xml 111 Contact us x
logs 138 Remote product deployment 135
RenameFields 123
M REORG 103
Mail 128 report generation 105
mail step 128 report requirements 38
MaxRecords 123 Report Viewer 52
memory 104 reporting 74
Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 51 ResourceConversion 123
Microsoft Installer 49 Resources 81
Microsoft SQL Server Report Viewer 52 return on investment, see ROI
ROI 5
RunSamples.bat command 13
N RUNSTATS 103
NCSAInput 121
NotesDatabaseSizeInput 121
NotesEmailInput 121 S
NotesUsageInput 121 sample collection verification 75
Scan 133
schedule 88
O shift 97
objectives 8 shutdown 106
administration 16 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, see SMTP
configuration 13 SMTP 75
installation 11 Sort 123, 132
job creation 17 startJobRunner.sh 111
planning 8 startServer.bat 63
problem determination 19 startup 106
reporting 21 step directive 118
output files 139 steps directive 118
overview 1 stopServer.bat 63
SYSTEM_ID 82
P
paths T
/opt/ibm/tuam/ewas/profiles/AppSrv01/bin 106 TDS 121
platform requirements 43 Tivoli Software Professional Certification 4
prerequisite skills 7 Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager 6
process directive 117 TPC 121
processing overview 112 TRANSACTION 121
Prorate 123 tuning 103
proration table 95

Index 169

U
user administration 84
user and group mapping 86
user creation 85
user role definition 86

V
VIO 29
Virtual I/O, see VIO
Virtual University Enterprises, see VUE
VMWARE 121
VMware ESX server 81
VUE 6

W
W3CWinLog 121
Wait file 135
Web application 74
Web reporting 74
WEBSPHEREXDFINEGRAIN 121
WEBSPHEREXDSERVER 121
Windows script file 136
WORK_ID 82

X
XML editor 111
XML job 110


Certification Guide Series: IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 Implementation
(0.2”spine)
0.17”<->0.473”
90<->249 pages

Back cover ®

Certification Guide Series:
IBM Tivoli Usage and
Accounting Manager V7.1 ®

Implementation
Detailed architecture This IBM Redbooks publication is a study guide for the IBM Tivoli Usage
and components and Accounting Manager V7.1 certification. It is aimed for IT INTERNATIONAL
discussion professional who want to be an IBM Certified Professional for this TECHNICAL
product. SUPPORT
Installation and IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 certification is offered
ORGANIZATION
configuration through the IBM Professional Certification program. It is designed to
processing validate the skills required of technical professionals who work in the
implementation and deployment of IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting BUILDING TECHNICAL
Monitoring IT usage Manager V7.1. INFORMATION BASED ON
and chargebacks This book provides the necessary information to understand this topic. PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
It includes sample questions that help evaluate personal progress. It
familiarizes the readers with the types of questions that may be IBM Redbooks are developed by
encountered in the exam. the IBM International Technical
Support Organization. Experts
This guide does not replace practical experience. This is not designed to from IBM, Customers and
be a stand-alone guide for this topic. Instead, this guide should be Partners from around the world
combined with educational activities and experiences and used as a create timely technical
very useful preparation guide for exam. information based on realistic
scenarios. Specific
For your convenience, the chapters are based on the certification recommendations are provided
objectives of the IBM Tivoli Usage and Accounting Manager V7.1 to help you implement IT
implementation certification test. Those requirements are planning, solutions more effectively in
prerequisites, installation, configuration, administration, and problem your environment.
determination. Studying each chapter helps you prepare for each
objective of the exam.
For more information:
ibm.com/redbooks

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