Chapter 2-IS dept.pptxhjvcbtffffffffffffffffffffffffffff6

Chapter 2: Factors in Developing Mobile
Applications

2
Mobile OS
• is the operating system that controls a mobile device similar in
principle to an operating system such as Windows, Mac OS, or Linux
that controls a desktop computer or laptop.

4
Types of Mobile OS
• Symbian
• License : open source
• Company: Nokia.
• CPU Architecture: ARM
• Programmed in: C++
• Application store: Symbian Horizon,Ovistore(10000+)
• Package manager: Nokia Ovi Suite
• Other: multi-touch, easily affordable cost

5
Types of Mobile OS
• Android
License : open source
Company: Open Handset Alliance(Google).
CPU Architecture: ARM, x86
Programmed in: C, C++, Java
Application store: Android market(100,000+)
Package manager: APK
Other: multi-touch, Linux

6
Types of Mobile OS
• BlackBerry RIM OS
License : Proprietary
Company: Research in motion (RIM).
CPU Architecture: ARM
Programmed in: Java
Application store: Blackberry App World(30000+)
Package manager: Blackberry Desktop Manager
Other: not multi-touch, push email service

7
Types of Mobile OS
• Apple iOS
Company: Apple.
Programmed in: C, C++, Objective-C
Application store: Apple App Store
Package manager: iTunes
Other: Mac OS X, multi-touch, for iphone ,ipod touch ipad, Apple Tv only

8
Types of Mobile OS
• Windows Mobile
Company: Microsoft.
Programmed in: C++
Application store: Windows Marketplace for Mobile
Package manager: Windows Mobile Device Center/
ActiveSync
Other: multi-touch, Windows CE

9
Types of Mobile OS
• Others
Palm OS- mobile operating system initially developed by Palm
 webOS – Mobile operating system from HP/Palm
Bada - Mobile operating system developed by Samsung Electronics
MeeGo OS – from Nokia and Intel (open source, GPL)

10
Mobile Software Development
• Challenges
Different Operating Systems.
Different Screen Size.
• are a challenge even on the same OS
Different Input methods.
• Keyboard (Keypad – Keyboard – Soft Keyboard),
• TrackBall/Joystick, Pen (Handwriting), Touch,
• Microphone (Voice Command), Camera (Image Recognition), GPS
Different Hardware Architectures.
• most dominant architectures in the market of CPUs is the ARM
architecture
Limited computing capabilities.
Lack of good language support
Security
• Always shared medium

11
• Programming Languages
C/C++, .NET, Java ME, FlashLite, SilverLight Mobile
JavaFX, HTML/WML/JAVASCRIPT/AJAX
• selection is same reasons for using them on the desktop.
• Some languages are for web,
• some are for performance,
• some for portability,
• some of skills and preferences.

12
• Solutions to Challenges
Multi Modal Interface.
• E.g Combining the face and speech recognition together helps to increase speech
recognition accuracy and lower word error rate
Simplified Algorithms (Speed ).
Data Compression (Size & Speed).
Programming Language Selection.
Screen independent graphical coordinates or layout managers.
Unicode Support
Encryption and authentication

Requirements How to Install Android Studio
• Android Studio has the following requirements to be matched for smooth running
and performance:
For Windows OS
• Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit)
• 4 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended
• 2 GB of available disk space minimum, 4 GB Recommended (500 MB for IDE +
1.5 GB for Android SDK and emulator system image)
• 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution
• JDK 8 or higher
• For accelerated emulator: 64-bit operating system and Intel processor with support
for Intel VT-x, Intel EM64T (Intel 64), and Execute Disable (XD) Bit functionality

For Mac OS
• Mac OS X 10.8.5 or higher
• 2 GB of available disk space minimum, 4 GB Recommended (500 MB for IDE + 1.5
GB for Android SDK and emulator system image)
• JDK 8 or higher

For Linux OS
• GNOME or KDE desktop: Tested on Ubuntu 12.04, Precise Pangolin (64-bit
distribution capable of running 32-bit applications)
• 4-bit distribution capable of running 32-bit applications
• GNU C Library (glibc) 2.11 or later
• 2 GB of available disk space minimum,4 GB Recommended (500 MB for IDE + 1.5
GB for Android SDK and emulator system image)
• JDK 8 or higher
• For accelerated emulator: Intel processor with support for Intel VT-x, Intel EM64T
(Intel 64), and Execute Disable (XD) Bit functionality, or AMD processor with support
for AMD Virtualization (AMD-V)

Mobile App Development Frameworks in
2024
• Mobile App Development Framework is a library that offers the required fundamental
structure to create mobile applications for a specific environment.
• In short, it acts as a layout to support mobile app development.
• There are various advantages of Mobile App Development frameworks such as cost-
effectiveness, efficiency, and many more.
• Mobile application frameworks can be classified majorly into 3 categories: Native
Apps, Web Apps & Hybrid Apps.
• Native Apps: A Native App is an application specifically designed for a particular
platform or device.
• Web Apps: A Web App is concerned with an application that is designed to deliver web
pages on different web platforms for any device.
• Hybrid Apps: A Hybrid App is a combination of both native & web applications. It can
be developed for any platform from a single code base.

several leading Mobile Application Development Frameworks in 2024
1. React Native:-created by Facebook, is an open-source framework that develop mobile applications
for Android & iOS platforms.
2. Flutter:-developed by Google, is a UI toolkit to build native applications for mobile apps, desktop & web platforms.
3. Ionic:- developed in 2013, is an open-source framework that allows you to build cross-platform for mobile apps using web
technologies like HTML, CSS & JavaScript.
4. Xamarin is acquired by Microsoft, is based on .Net and allows you to build native applications for Android, iOS,
and Windows platforms.
5. Mobile Angular UI is an open-source mobile application development framework that merges the implementation of
the Bootstrap and Angular frameworks.
6. PhoneGap is used mobile app development frameworks and purchased by Adobe Systems in 2011, is an open-source
framework that allows you to build cross-platform applications using languages such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript.
7. Appcelerator Titanium:- developed by Appcelerator Inc, is an open-source development framework that allows you to
build mobile apps for all platforms.
8. JQuery Mobile is a cross-platform development framework that is used to build mobile and web applications for various
devices.
9. Native Script is an open-source framework that is used to build native mobile applications
using Angular, Vue.js, TypeScript, or JavaScript.

18
Android GUI components
Familiarize with the main types of GUI components
Concepts:
Layouts
Widgets
Menus

Compiled By Mr.Abdisa L 19
Linear Layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_weight="1">
<TextView
android:text="red"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
[…………………….]
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_weight="1">
<TextView
android:text="row one"
android:textSize="15pt"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<TextView
android:text="row two"
android:textSize="15pt"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
[…………………………………..]
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
http://developer.android.com/resources/tutorials/views/hello-linearlayout.html

Relative Layout
• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
<TextView
android:id="@+id/label"
android:text="Type here:"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/entry"
android:background="@android:drawable/editbox_background"
android:layout_below="@id/label"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/ok"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/entry"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dip"
android:text="OK" />
<Button
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/ok"
android:layout_alignTop="@id/ok"
android:text="Cancel" />
</RelativeLayout>

Table Layout
<TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:stretchColumns="1">
<TableRow>
<TextView
android:layout_column="1"
android:text="Open..."
android:padding="3dip" />
<TextView
android:text="Ctrl-O"
android:gravity="right"
</TableRow>
<TableRow>
<TextView
android:text="Save..."
<TextView
android:text="Ctrl-S"
</TableRow>
<TableRow>
<TextView
android:text="Save As..."
<TextView
android:text="Ctrl-Shift-S"
</TableRow>
<View
android:layout_height="2dip"
android:background="#FF909090" />
[………………………]
</TableLayout>

TabLayout
• One activity per tab
• Create new Project
HelloTabs

Fill in the OnCreate() method
public class ArtistsActivity extends Activity {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
TextView textview = new TextView(this);
textview.setText("This is the Artists tab");
setContentView(textview);
}
}
Quick and dirty
“by hand”
like in
HelloWorld
Copy and Paste ArtistsActivity into two more activities:
 AlbumsActivity and
 SongsActivity

Create ./res/drawable/ic_tab_artists.xml
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

<item android:drawable="@drawable/ic_tab_artists_grey"
android:state_selected="true" />

<item android:drawable="@drawable/ic_tab_artists_white" />
</selector>
StateListDrawable object
that displays different
images for different
states of a View

25
Main Layout
<TabHost
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/androi
d"
android:id="@android:id/tabhost"
<LinearLayout
android:padding="5dp">
<TabWidget
android:id="@android:id/tabs"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@android:id/tabcontent"
android:padding="5dp" />
</LinearLayout>
</TabHost>
Compiled By Mr.Abdisa L

OnCreate() for HelloTabs
(main activity)
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Resources res = getResources(); // Resource object to get Drawables
TabHost tabHost = getTabHost(); // The activity TabHost
TabHost.TabSpec spec; // Resusable TabSpec for each tab
Intent intent; // Reusable Intent for each tab
// Create an Intent to launch an Activity for the tab (to be reused)
intent = new Intent().setClass(this, ArtistsActivity.class);
// Initialize a TabSpec for each tab and add it to the TabHost
spec = tabHost.newTabSpec("artists").setIndicator("Artists",
res.getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_tab_artists))
.setContent(intent);
tabHost.addTab(spec);
// Do the same for the other tabs
[………………………]
tabHost.setCurrentTab(2);
}
Main Activity is
a TabActivity –
has a TabHost
Builder
mapping the
resources to
the tab
Select Tab 2

Run it!

List View
• List of scrollable items
• Application will inherit from
ListActivity rather than Activity
• Create ./res/layout/list_item.xml
• Layout for each item

public class HelloListView extends ListActivity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.list_item, COUNTRIES));
ListView lv = getListView();
lv.setTextFilterEnabled(true);
lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position, long id) {
// When clicked, show a toast with the TextView text
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), ((TextView) view).getText(),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}
Override the OnCreate method
Setup the list for
this application,
with this layout
and this content
Enables filtering
by keyboard
Small Toast
showing the text
in the clicked item
for a short time

Run it!

Date Picker
• Will display a dialogbox
allowing to change the date

Layout
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/an
droid"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView android:id="@+id/dateDisplay"
android:text=""/>
<Button android:id="@+id/pickDate"
android:text="Change the date"/>
</LinearLayout>

OnCreate( )
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// capture our View elements
mDateDisplay = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.dateDisplay);
mPickDate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pickDate);
// add a click listener to the button
mPickDate.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
showDialog(DATE_DIALOG_ID);
}
});
// get the current date
final Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
mYear = c.get(Calendar.YEAR);
mMonth = c.get(Calendar.MONTH);
mDay = c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
// display the current date (this method is below)
updateDisplay();
}

updateDisplay( )
// updates the date in the TextView
private void updateDisplay() {
mDateDisplay.setText(
new StringBuilder()
// Month is 0 based so add 1
.append(mMonth + 1).append("-")
.append(mDay).append("-")
.append(mYear).append(" "));
}

DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener( )
// the callback received when the user "sets" the date in the dialog
private DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener mDateSetListener =
new DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener() {
public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year,
int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) {
mYear = year;
mMonth = monthOfYear;
mDay = dayOfMonth;
updateDisplay();
}
};

onCreateDialog( )
@Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
switch (id) {
case DATE_DIALOG_ID:
return new DatePickerDialog(this,
mDateSetListener,
mYear, mMonth, mDay);
}
return null;
}

Run it!

• Custom Buttons
• Edit Text
• Check Boxes
• Radio Boxes
• Toggle Button
• Rating Bar

Custom Button
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:drawable="@drawable/android_pressed"
android:state_pressed="true" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/android_focused"
android:state_focused="true" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/android_normal" />
</selector>
• <Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:padding="10dp"
android:background="@drawable/android_button" />
• final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
// Perform action on clicks
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, "Beep Bop", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});

Edit Text
• <EditText
android:id="@+id/edittext"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
• final EditText edittext = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext);
edittext.setOnKeyListener(new OnKeyListener() {
public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
// If the event is a key-down event on the "enter" button
if ((event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) &&
(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER)) {
// Perform action keyCode == on key press
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, edittext.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true;
}
return false;
}
});

Check Box
• <CheckBox android:id="@+id/checkbox"
android:text="check it out" />
• final CheckBox checkbox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.checkbox);
checkbox.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
// Perform action on clicks, depending on whether it's now checked
if (((CheckBox) v).isChecked()) {
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, "Selected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, "Not selected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});

Radio Button
• <RadioGroup
android:orientation="vertical">
<RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio_red"
android:text="Red" />
<RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio_blue"
android:text="Blue" />
</RadioGroup>
• private OnClickListener radio_listener = new OnClickListener() {
RadioButton rb = (RadioButton)
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, rb.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
• final RadioButton radio_red = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_red);
final RadioButton radio_blue = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_blue);
radio_red.setOnClickListener(radio_listener);
radio_blue.setOnClickListener(radio_listener);

Toggle Button
• <ToggleButton android:id="@+id/togglebutton"
android:textOn="Vibrate on"
android:textOff="Vibrate off"/>
• final ToggleButton togglebutton = (ToggleButton) findViewById(R.id.togglebutton);
togglebutton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
if (togglebutton.isChecked()) {
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, "Checked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, "Not checked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});

Rating Bar
• <RatingBar android:id="@+id/ratingbar"
android:numStars="5"
android:stepSize="1.0"/>
• final RatingBar ratingbar = (RatingBar) findViewById(R.id.ratingbar);
ratingbar.setOnRatingBarChangeListener(new OnRatingBarChangeListener() {
public void onRatingChanged(RatingBar ratingBar, float rating, boolean fromUser) {
Toast.makeText(HelloFormStuff.this, "New Rating: " + rating, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});

/res/layout/main.xml
<WebView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/webview"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"/>
WebView
• Making a window for viewing web pages

OnCreate( )
• WebView mWebView;
• public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
mWebView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
mWebView.loadUrl("http://www.google.com");
}

AndroidManifest
• <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
• <activity android:name=".HelloWebView" android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar">

Run it!

Chapter 2-IS dept.pptxhjvcbtffffffffffffffffffffffffffff6

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Editor's Notes