Chapter 4: basic search algorithms data structure
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1) The document discusses two common search algorithms: sequential search and binary search. Sequential search looks at each item in a list sequentially until the target is found. Binary search works on a sorted list and divides the search space in half at each step. 2) It provides pseudocode examples of how each algorithm works step-by-step to find a target value in a list or array. 3) Binary search is more efficient than sequential search when the list is sorted, as it can significantly reduce the number of comparisons needed to find the target. Sequential search is used when the list is unsorted.
![Sequential Search Algorithm
6
1. static void Main(string[] args)
2. { int[] a = { 10, 2, 34, 4, 3, 1, 100 };
3. int wanted = 1;
4. int target_index=-1;
5. for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++)
6. if (a[i] == wanted) {
7. target_index = i;
8. break; }
9. if (target_index >= 0)
10. Console.WriteLine(" The wanted value exist at
position: "+(target_index+1)+"'th");
11. Console.Read(); }
Practice: Reprogram
this problem using
string data.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter4basicsearchalgorithmsdatastructurebcs-210125211939/85/Chapter-4-basic-search-algorithms-data-structure-6-320.jpg)
![Binary Search Algorithm
9
2 5 81 88 90 99
7 9 34 55 56 66 79 80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
(0+13) / 2 = 6
If (array[6] == 80)
return 6
Elseif (array[6] > 80)
High = 6 -1
Else
Low = 6+1
Middle = (low + high)/2
Wanted = 80
array
0
(7+13) / 2 = 10
If (array[10] == 80)
return 10
Elseif (array[10] > 80)
High = 10 -1
Else
Low = 10+1
(7+9) / 2 = 8
If (array[8] == 80)
return 8
Elseif (array[8] > 80)
High = 8-1
Else
Low = 8+1
1 2 3](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter4basicsearchalgorithmsdatastructurebcs-210125211939/85/Chapter-4-basic-search-algorithms-data-structure-9-320.jpg)
![Binary Search Algorithm
10
2 5 81 88 90 99
7 9 34 55 56 66 79 80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Middle = (low + high)/2
Wanted = 80
array
0
(7+9) / 2 = 8
If (array[8] == 80)
return 8
Elseif (array[8] > 80)
High = 8-1
Else
Low = 8+1
3
(9+9) / 2 = 9
If (array[9] == 80)
return 8
Elseif (array[9] > 80)
High = 9-1
Else
Low = 9+1
4
return 8](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter4basicsearchalgorithmsdatastructurebcs-210125211939/85/Chapter-4-basic-search-algorithms-data-structure-10-320.jpg)
![Binary Search Algorithm
11
البيانات تراكيب مساق
إعداد العلمية المادة
/
أ
.
ا َّالفــر رفيق محمود
1. static void Main(string[] args) {
2. int[] a = { 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 23, 30};
3. int wanted = 23;
4. int start = 0;
5. int last = a.Length - 1;
6. int middle = (last + start) / 2;
7. int result =0;
8. while (start < last) {
9. middle = (last + start) / 2;
10. if (a[middle] == wanted) {
11. result = 1;
12. break; }
13. else if (a[middle] < wanted)
14. start = middle + 1;
15. else
16. last = middle - 1; }
17. if (result == 1)
18. Console.WriteLine("The wanted element is exist at: " +
middle);
19. else
20. Console.WriteLine("The wanted element does not exist ");
To understand:
trace step by step
To practice: try with
string data
More practice: try with
2-D array](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter4basicsearchalgorithmsdatastructurebcs-210125211939/85/Chapter-4-basic-search-algorithms-data-structure-11-320.jpg)
![Search and sorting in Array List
13
1. static void Main(string[] args) {
2. ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
3. a.Add(20);
4. a.Add(4);
5. a.Add(3);
6. a.Sort();
7. int result = a.BinarySearch(3);
8. Console.WriteLine(" position of 3 at : " + result);
9. result = a.BinarySearch(7);
10. Console.WriteLine(" position of 7 at : " + result);
11. Console.WriteLine();
12. foreach (object x in a)
13. Console.WriteLine(" " + x);
14. Console.ReadLine(); }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter4basicsearchalgorithmsdatastructurebcs-210125211939/85/Chapter-4-basic-search-algorithms-data-structure-13-320.jpg)
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Chapter 4: basic search algorithms data structure
- 1. DATA STRUCTURE Chapter 4: Basic Search Algorithms Prepared & Presented by Mr. Mahmoud R. Alfarra 2010-2011 College of Science & Technology Dep. Of Computer Science & IT BCs of Information Technology http://mfarra.cst.ps
- 2. Out Line Introduction Sequential Search Algorithm Binary Search Algorithm Which is the best ? Search and sorting in Array List 2
- 3. Introduction Searching for data is a fundamental computer programming task and one that has been studied for many years. There are two fundamental ways to search for data in a list: the sequential search and the binary search. 3
- 4. Sequential Search Algorithm 4 The most obvious type of search is to begin at the beginning of a set of records and move through each record until you find the record you are looking for or you come to the end of the records. This is called a sequential search. A sequential search (also called a linear search) is very easy to implement.
- 5. Sequential Search Algorithm 5 2 5 81 88 90 99 7 9 34 55 56 66 79 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Wanted = 80 array 0 == ؟ .... .... The wanted value at comparison number 10 and position 9
- 6. Sequential Search Algorithm 6 1. static void Main(string[] args) 2. { int[] a = { 10, 2, 34, 4, 3, 1, 100 }; 3. int wanted = 1; 4. int target_index=-1; 5. for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) 6. if (a[i] == wanted) { 7. target_index = i; 8. break; } 9. if (target_index >= 0) 10. Console.WriteLine(" The wanted value exist at position: "+(target_index+1)+"'th"); 11. Console.Read(); } Practice: Reprogram this problem using string data.
- 7. Binary Search Algorithm 7 When the records you are searching through are sorted into order, you can perform a more efficient search than the sequential search to find a value. This search is called a binary search. To use this algorithm, we first need our data stored in order (ascending, preferably) in an array.
- 9. Binary Search Algorithm 9 2 5 81 88 90 99 7 9 34 55 56 66 79 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (0+13) / 2 = 6 If (array[6] == 80) return 6 Elseif (array[6] > 80) High = 6 -1 Else Low = 6+1 Middle = (low + high)/2 Wanted = 80 array 0 (7+13) / 2 = 10 If (array[10] == 80) return 10 Elseif (array[10] > 80) High = 10 -1 Else Low = 10+1 (7+9) / 2 = 8 If (array[8] == 80) return 8 Elseif (array[8] > 80) High = 8-1 Else Low = 8+1 1 2 3
- 10. Binary Search Algorithm 10 2 5 81 88 90 99 7 9 34 55 56 66 79 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Middle = (low + high)/2 Wanted = 80 array 0 (7+9) / 2 = 8 If (array[8] == 80) return 8 Elseif (array[8] > 80) High = 8-1 Else Low = 8+1 3 (9+9) / 2 = 9 If (array[9] == 80) return 8 Elseif (array[9] > 80) High = 9-1 Else Low = 9+1 4 return 8
- 11. Binary Search Algorithm 11 البيانات تراكيب مساق إعداد العلمية المادة / أ . ا َّالفــر رفيق محمود 1. static void Main(string[] args) { 2. int[] a = { 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 23, 30}; 3. int wanted = 23; 4. int start = 0; 5. int last = a.Length - 1; 6. int middle = (last + start) / 2; 7. int result =0; 8. while (start < last) { 9. middle = (last + start) / 2; 10. if (a[middle] == wanted) { 11. result = 1; 12. break; } 13. else if (a[middle] < wanted) 14. start = middle + 1; 15. else 16. last = middle - 1; } 17. if (result == 1) 18. Console.WriteLine("The wanted element is exist at: " + middle); 19. else 20. Console.WriteLine("The wanted element does not exist "); To understand: trace step by step To practice: try with string data More practice: try with 2-D array
- 12. Which is the best ? 12 Sequential search is used when the items in the list are in random order. Binary search is used when the items are sorted in the list.
- 13. Search and sorting in Array List 13 1. static void Main(string[] args) { 2. ArrayList a = new ArrayList(); 3. a.Add(20); 4. a.Add(4); 5. a.Add(3); 6. a.Sort(); 7. int result = a.BinarySearch(3); 8. Console.WriteLine(" position of 3 at : " + result); 9. result = a.BinarySearch(7); 10. Console.WriteLine(" position of 7 at : " + result); 11. Console.WriteLine(); 12. foreach (object x in a) 13. Console.WriteLine(" " + x); 14. Console.ReadLine(); }
- 14. Thank You … 14 Remember that: question is the key of knowledge
- 15. Ahl Eljanna َقَ دَ ص يّ ذهلا ّهّ َلِل ُ دح مَح ْلا واُلاَقَ و ا اَنَثَ رح َوأَ و ُهَ دحعَ و اَن ُأه وَبَتَن َ ضح رَح ْل َ محعّنَف ُاءَ شَن ُ ثحيَ ح ّ هةنَح ْلا ح نّ م َ يّلّ امَ حعلا ُ رح َجأ 15