Chapter26 inheritance-ii

Aug 9, 20150 likes257 views

The compiler automatically calls the base class constructor before the derived class constructor. You can specify which base class constructor to call by passing arguments to it in the derived class constructor definition. A derived class can override a base class member function by defining a function of the same name and parameters in the derived class. To call the overridden base class function, use the scope resolution operator to specify the base class. Making a base class virtual prevents duplication of inherited members when it is used as a common ancestor in multipath inheritance.

www.cppforschool.com
Constructor and inheritance
The compiler automatically calls a base class constructor before executing the
derived class constructor. The compiler’s default action is to call the default
constructor in the base class. You can specify which of several base class
constructors should be called during the creation of a derived class object.
This is done by specifying the arguments to the selected base class constructor
in the definition of the derived class constructor.
class Rectangle
{
private :
float length;
float width;
public:
Rectangle ()
{
length = 0;
width = 0;
}
Rectangle (float len, float wid)
{
length = len;
width = wid;
}
float area()
{
return length * width ;
}
};
class Box : public Rectangle
{
private :
float height;
public:
Box ()
{
height = 0;
}

Box (float len, float wid, float ht) : Rectangle(len, wid)
{
height = ht;
}
float volume()
{
return area() * height;
}
};
int main ()
{
Box bx;
Box cx(4,8,5);
cout << bx.volume() << endl;
cout << cx.volume() << endl;
return 0;
}
output :
0
160
Overriding Base Class Functions
A derived class can override a member function of its base class by defining a
derived class member function with the same name and parameter list.
It is often useful for a derived class to define its own version of a member
function inherited from its base class. This may be done to specialize the
member function to the needs of the derived class. When this happens, the
base class member function is said to be overridden by the derived class.

class mother
{
public:
void display ()
{
cout << "mother: display functionn";
}
};
class daughter : public mother
{
public:
void display ()
{
cout << "daughter: display functionnn";
}
};
int main ()
{
daughter rita;
rita.display();
return 0;
}
output:
daughter: display function
Gaining Access to an Overridden Function
It is occasionally useful to be able to call the overridden version. This is done by
using the scope resolution operator to specify the class of the overridden
member function being accessed.
class daughter : public mother
{
public:
void display ()
{
cout << "daughter: display functionnn";
mother::display();
}
};

output:
daughter: display function
mother: display function
Virtual Base Class
Multipath inheritance may lead to duplication of inherited members from a
grandparent base class. This may be avoided by making the common base class
a virtual base class. When a class is made a virtual base class, C++ takes
necessary care to see that only one copy of that class is inherited.
class A
{
.....
.....
};
class B1 : virtual public A
{
.....
.....
};
class B2 : virtual public A
{
.....
.....
};
class C : public B1, public B2
{
.....// only one copy of A
.....// will be inherited
};

A class that contains a pure virtual function is called an abstract base class and cannot be instantiated. It serves as an interface that defines common behavior for derived classes to implement. The document provides examples of an area abstract base class with a pure virtual getarea() function, and rectangle and triangle derived classes that override getarea() and provide class-specific implementations.

Symfony messenger - PHPers Summit 2019Michał Kurzeja

Javascript & Ajax BasicsRichard Paul

Javascript is a dynamic scripting language used widely for client-side web development. It allows asynchronous HTTP (AJAX) requests to update pages dynamically without reloading. Key features include variables, functions, objects, conditionals, closures and exceptions. The DOM represents the structure of a web page and can be manipulated with Javascript to dynamically change content, add/remove elements.

Lecture 4.2 c++(comlete reference book)Abu Saleh

Grailsでドメイン駆動設計を実践する時の勘所Takuma Watabiki

The document describes setting up a Grails application with domain classes, controllers, and MyBatis integration for database access. It includes: 1) Creating a Grails application, domain class, and scaffolding controller. 2) Configuring plugins and dependencies for Spring Boot and MyBatis. 3) Defining domain classes for Book and ISBN with constraints and mappings. 4) Implementing mappers and XML mapping files for MyBatis. 5) Creating repository interfaces and services to abstract data access.

MFC Message HandlingJanani Anbarasan

This document discusses Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) message handling in C++ applications. It explains that MFC provides an application framework for Windows programming that makes it easy to override basic functionality. It describes how message maps are used to map messages to handler functions in classes derived from CCmdTarget. It provides an example of a simple MFC application with a MyApp class derived from CWinApp and a MyWnd class derived from CFrameWnd, along with message map macros to handle the WM_LBUTTONDOWN message.

C++ idioms.pptxJanani Anbarasan

This document discusses several C++ idioms: RAII automates resource management by acquiring resources during object initialization and releasing them during destruction. Attorney-client separates interface from implementation by controlling friend access. Virtual friend functions simulate virtual friends. Base-from-member initializes bases from members using an additional base class. PIMPL hides implementation by placing class details in a pimpl pointer. Copy-on-write optimizes copying by delaying copies until an object is modified. SFINAE uses template argument properties to enable/disable functions. Tag dispatching selects functions at compile-time using empty tag structs and trait classes.

EcmaScript 6 Manoj Kumar

Introduction to reactive programming & ReactiveCocoaFlorent Pillet

Reactive programming models asynchronous data streams as signals that produce events over time. ReactiveCocoa is a framework that implements reactive programming in Objective-C. It uses signals to represent asynchronous data streams and operators to transform and combine signals. ReactiveCocoa code separates the logic to produce and consume data, making it more modular, reusable, testable and by reducing state and mutability. While the syntax is different, learning to think reactively can improve code quality and stability.

Writing Clean Code in SwiftDerek Lee

Oofangdeng

The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in JavaScript, specifically as they relate to the MooTools framework. It introduces MooTools and some of its core features, including class-based inheritance using the Class method, common data types like Array and String, and element manipulation through the Element class. It also briefly mentions other JavaScript frameworks and provides some examples of using MooTools methods and classes.

ECMAScript 6Piotr Lewandowski

The document discusses ECMAScript 6 (ES6), a major update to JavaScript. It describes new features added in five acts, including modules, syntax enhancements, classes, functions improvements, and tools for compiling ES6 to older JavaScript versions. Key additions are modules, classes, arrow functions, let/const variables, template literals, and promises to support asynchronous programming. Compilers like Babel allow using ES6 features while targeting older JavaScript environments.

A new way to develop with WordPress!David Sanchez

Swift Sequences & CollectionsCocoaHeads France

Program: Inheritance in Class - to find topper out of 10 studentsSwarup Boro

Introduction to TypeScriptAndré Pitombeira

This document provides an introduction and overview of TypeScript. It begins by discussing some of the benefits and drawbacks of JavaScript, and why TypeScript was created. It then covers TypeScript's design goals, popular frameworks built with it, and IDE support. The rest of the document outlines TypeScript's configuration, basic language features like types, interfaces, classes and generics. It also discusses code organization techniques like modules and namespaces. Finally, it provides a brief introduction to TypeScript's type system.

Minimizing Decision Fatigue to Improve Team ProductivityDerek Lee

CODEsign 2015Max Kleiner

This document discusses CODEsign, which involves designing functions twice to simplify them and improve performance. It recommends designing functions twice with the same result, checking functions twice to compare results, proving concepts twice, testing functions twice, documenting and saving code twice, visualizing solutions twice, and teaching concepts twice. CODEsign can be applied to problems like spam filtering, computer vision, speech recognition, and more. The document was written by Max Kleiner of softwareschule.ch.

Introduction to TypeScriptTomas Corral Casas

Concatenation of two strings using class in c++Swarup Boro

This C++ program defines a class called "str" that represents strings as private character array members. It overloads the + operator as a friend function to concatenate two "str" objects by calling strcat() on their character arrays and returning a new "str" object. The main function demonstrates creating "str" objects from input strings, concatenating two of them by calling the overloaded + operator, and printing out the result.

ES6 is NighDomenic Denicola

ES6 is Nigh is a presentation on the future of JavaScript. It discusses the history of JavaScript and why ES6 is important for advancing the language. The presentation outlines many new features being added in ES6, such as arrow functions, classes, modules, template strings, symbols, generators, and proxies. It emphasizes that ES6 is purely additive and introduces these features without breaking backwards compatibility.

AnyObject – 自分が見落としていた、基本の話Tomohiro Kumagai

The new features of PHP 7Zend by Rogue Wave Software

Ns2: OTCL - PArt IIAjit Nayak

This document provides an introduction to the network simulator NS-2 and its scripting language OTcl. It discusses basics of OTcl like classes, objects, and methods. It provides examples of creating classes and objects in OTcl. It also explains the structure of an NS-2 simulation including creating the event scheduler, topology, sending data using UDP/TCP, and tracing outputs. Suggested readings on OTcl and NS-2 tutorials are provided at the end.

Any event introqiang

This document provides an overview and examples of using the AnyEvent module in Perl. AnyEvent allows asynchronous and non-blocking I/O, and provides wrappers for various event loops including EV, libevent, POE and Glib. It summarizes: 1) How to create timers, I/O watchers, and condition variables to monitor events asynchronously. 2) Examples of using timers to trigger callbacks periodically, I/O watchers to monitor file handles for read availability, and condition variables to wait for events. 3) Potential bugs when using AnyEvent related to sockets, timeouts and differences between event loops, and solutions to address these bugs.

Ns2: Introduction - Part IAjit Nayak

This document provides an introduction and overview of NS2, a network simulator. It discusses what network simulation is and the architecture of NS2. It also provides sample NS2 input scripts written in Tcl that define nodes, links, and events. Sample output from NS2 simulations include packet trace files and NAM trace files that can be visualized. The document describes how to learn and use Tcl to write NS2 scripts, run simulations, extract data, and plot results. It also gives examples of basic Tcl commands and programming constructs like variables, control flow, arrays, and procedures.

Ete programsMayur Wankhede

This document discusses various object-oriented programming concepts in .NET including: - Method overloading using a class with multiple methods that differ by parameters - Inheritance with a base class inherited by a derived class - MustInherit abstract classes that can only be inherited not instantiated - Multiple inheritance using interfaces - Constructors and destructors to initialize and cleanup class objects

Chapter21 separate-header-and-implementation-filesDeepak Singh

The document discusses separating a class definition into header and implementation files to make the class reusable. The class declaration is defined in a header file with a .h extension, member functions are defined in a cpp file with the same name and a .cpp extension, and a main.cpp file includes the header and contains the main function to test the class. This separation allows the class interface to be shared while hiding implementation details.

Chapter16 pointerDeepak Singh

Pointer variables hold the memory address of another variable. Pointers allow accessing and modifying the value of the variable being pointed to. Pointers can be used to access elements of an array using pointer arithmetic. Dynamic memory allocation uses pointers and the new operator to allocate memory at runtime that is freed using delete. Pointer parameters allow changing the argument passed to a function. Pointers to structures can access members using -> or (*ptr).member syntax.

Chapter22 static-class-member-exampleDeepak Singh

Static members allow data or methods to be accessed by all objects of a class. Static data members are declared within a class but defined and initialized outside the class. A static data member exists in a single copy shared by all instances of the class. Static member functions can access only static data and cannot access non-static data or call non-static methods. Static functions can be called without an object and are used to access static data.

More Related Content

What's hot (19)

Introduction to reactive programming & ReactiveCocoaFlorent Pillet

Writing Clean Code in SwiftDerek Lee

Oofangdeng

ECMAScript 6Piotr Lewandowski

A new way to develop with WordPress!David Sanchez

Swift Sequences & CollectionsCocoaHeads France

Program: Inheritance in Class - to find topper out of 10 studentsSwarup Boro

Introduction to TypeScriptAndré Pitombeira

Minimizing Decision Fatigue to Improve Team ProductivityDerek Lee

CODEsign 2015Max Kleiner

Introduction to TypeScriptTomas Corral Casas

Concatenation of two strings using class in c++Swarup Boro

ES6 is NighDomenic Denicola

AnyObject – 自分が見落としていた、基本の話Tomohiro Kumagai

The new features of PHP 7Zend by Rogue Wave Software

Ns2: OTCL - PArt IIAjit Nayak

Any event introqiang

Ns2: Introduction - Part IAjit Nayak

Ete programsMayur Wankhede

Introduction to reactive programming & ReactiveCocoaFlorent Pillet

Writing Clean Code in SwiftDerek Lee

Oofangdeng

ECMAScript 6Piotr Lewandowski

A new way to develop with WordPress!David Sanchez

Swift Sequences & CollectionsCocoaHeads France

Program: Inheritance in Class - to find topper out of 10 studentsSwarup Boro

Introduction to TypeScriptAndré Pitombeira

Minimizing Decision Fatigue to Improve Team ProductivityDerek Lee

CODEsign 2015Max Kleiner

Introduction to TypeScriptTomas Corral Casas

Concatenation of two strings using class in c++Swarup Boro

ES6 is NighDomenic Denicola

AnyObject – 自分が見落としていた、基本の話Tomohiro Kumagai

The new features of PHP 7Zend by Rogue Wave Software

Ns2: OTCL - PArt IIAjit Nayak

Any event introqiang

Ns2: Introduction - Part IAjit Nayak

Ete programsMayur Wankhede

Viewers also liked (14)

Chapter21 separate-header-and-implementation-filesDeepak Singh

Chapter16 pointerDeepak Singh

Chapter22 static-class-member-exampleDeepak Singh

Chapter17 oopDeepak Singh

Procedural programming separates data and functions, which can cause problems for large complex programs. Object-oriented programming combines data and procedures into objects, encapsulating them together. An object's attributes are stored in member variables and its procedures are member functions. This encapsulation also allows for data hiding so only an object's own functions can access and change its internal data. Some advantages of OOP include easier management of complex software, simple upgrades, and partitioning work based on objects.

Chapter24 operator-overloadingDeepak Singh

Operator overloading allows redefining the behavior of operators when used with user-defined types like classes. It is done by defining a member function named operator followed by the symbol, like operator+. The code shows overloading the + operator for a Complex number class to add the real and imaginary parts of two Complex objects when using +. This allows calling the addition like c3 = c1 + c2 instead of c1.operator+(c2).

Chapter27 polymorphism-virtual-function-abstract-classDeepak Singh

1) A base class pointer can point to a derived class object but cannot access the derived class's additional functions without a cast. 2) Declaring a function as virtual in the base class allows it to be overridden in derived classes and called polymorphically through a base class pointer. 3) A pure virtual function is like an abstract function that derived classes must implement. A class with a pure virtual function is an abstract class that cannot be instantiated.

Chapter15 structureDeepak Singh

The document discusses different data structures in C++ including structures, nested structures, typedef, enumerated data types, and macros. It explains that a structure allows grouping of related data types under one name and can be treated as a user-defined data type. It provides examples of declaring structure variables, defining members, and accessing members. Nested structures allow structures to be members of other structures. Typedef provides an alternative name for standard data types. Enumerated data types define a set of names mapped to integer constants. Macros allow defining symbolic names and constants using the #define preprocessor directive.

Chapter19 constructor-and-destructorDeepak Singh

This document discusses constructors and destructors in C++. It defines three types of constructors: default constructors, parameterized constructors, and copy constructors. Default constructors accept no parameters and initialize object fields to default values. Parameterized constructors accept arguments to initialize fields. Copy constructors initialize an object using the values of another object. Destructors are invoked when an object's scope ends to destroy the object. The example demonstrates defining these methods in a Circle class and invoking them to initialize objects with different constructors.

Chpater29 operation-on-fileDeepak Singh

The document discusses basic file input/output operations in C++, including reading from and writing to text files, counting characters, words, and lines. It also covers binary file operations such as creating binary files, reading from and writing to binary files, searching, deleting, and modifying records in binary files using classes. Example C++ programs are provided to demonstrate each operation.

Chapter20 class-example-programDeepak Singh

This document discusses a Time class case study that demonstrates C++ class construction features. It includes a Time class definition with constructors, setter functions, a print function, and an equals function to compare two Time objects. The main function creates Time objects, calls the print and equals functions to output the time values. The document then discusses additional OOP concepts like default constructor arguments, constant functions, constant parameters, and passing objects by reference.

Chapter25 inheritance-iDeepak Singh

Inheritance allows classes to extend existing classes without modifying them. A derived class inherits features from its base class and can define new features. There are different types of inheritance including single, multiple, hierarchical, and multilevel inheritance. When deriving a class, the member access specifier (public, private, protected) determines how members of the base class appear in the derived class. The example shows Shape as the base class and Rectangle and Triangle as derived classes that inherit properties like width and height while defining their own area calculation methods.

Chapter23 friend-function-friend-classDeepak Singh

Friend functions and classes allow external code to access private members of a class. The document demonstrates declaring a function and class as friends of the Rectangle class to access its private length and width variables. This is done by specifying the function or class as friend within the class definition. This allows the friend function getCost() and class CostCalculator to multiply length and width to calculate the area or cost despite them being private members.

Revision notes for exam 2011 computer science with C++Deepak Singh

This document provides an overview of computer science concepts in C++ for CBSE Class 12, including structures, classes and objects, constructors and destructors, inheritance, file handling, pointers, arrays, and data structures. It covers basic syntax and examples for each topic, along with assignments and questions for practice. The document is from www.cppforschool.com and is intended to help students prepare for their CBSE board exam by revising key C++ concepts.

+2 Computer Science - Volume II NotesAndrew Raj

This document summarizes key object oriented concepts in C++ across two chapters. Chapter 1 discusses object oriented concepts like encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance and their differences. It also lists advantages of OOP like reusability and security through data hiding. Chapter 2 provides an overview of C++ tokens, data types, variables, constants, operators and basic statements. It describes keywords, identifiers, user-defined types like structures and enumerations. Storage classes, pointers, arrays and derived types are also covered. The document comprehensively covers fundamental concepts to understand object oriented programming using C++.

Chapter21 separate-header-and-implementation-filesDeepak Singh

Chapter16 pointerDeepak Singh

Chapter22 static-class-member-exampleDeepak Singh

Chapter17 oopDeepak Singh

Chapter24 operator-overloadingDeepak Singh

Chapter27 polymorphism-virtual-function-abstract-classDeepak Singh

Chapter15 structureDeepak Singh

Chapter19 constructor-and-destructorDeepak Singh

Chpater29 operation-on-fileDeepak Singh

Chapter20 class-example-programDeepak Singh

Chapter25 inheritance-iDeepak Singh

Chapter23 friend-function-friend-classDeepak Singh

Revision notes for exam 2011 computer science with C++Deepak Singh

+2 Computer Science - Volume II NotesAndrew Raj

Similar to Chapter26 inheritance-ii (20)

Inheritancepoonam.rwalia

Inheritance allows the creation of new classes from existing classes. There are different types of inheritance including single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical and hybrid. Multilevel inheritance allows a derived class to inherit from another derived class. Constructors and destructors are called from base to derived classes. Multiple inheritance requires derived classes to pass arguments to multiple base class constructors.

lecture-2021inheritance-160705095417.pdfAneesAbbasi14

Inheritance allows one class to inherit properties and behaviors from another parent class. This creates a hierarchical relationship between classes and allows code reuse. There are three types of access specifiers that determine whether inherited members from the parent class are public, private, or protected in the child class. Virtual functions allow runtime polymorphism by overriding functions in derived classes. Pure virtual functions define an interface for derived classes by requiring them to implement the function.

[OOP - Lec 20,21] InheritanceMuhammad Hammad Waseem

Inheritance allows one class to inherit properties from another parent class. This creates a hierarchy where child classes inherit behavior from the parent class and can add or override behavior. There are three types of access specifiers that determine whether inherited members are public, private, or protected. Virtual functions allow runtime polymorphism by overriding functions in derived classes. Pure virtual functions define an interface that derived classes must implement.

Chapter 6 and inheritance OOP C++ tu ioeEZERR1

OOP unit II inheritance.pptx object oriented programmingSrishti951154

It is power point presentation of one of the programming language it includes concept which is very necessary in programming languages. **Inheritance** in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a fundamental concept that allows a new class (known as a **child class** or **subclass**) to acquire the properties and methods of an existing class (called the **parent class** or **superclass**). ### Key Points About Inheritance: 1. **Code Reusability**: Inheritance promotes code reuse by allowing the child class to use or modify methods and attributes of the parent class without having to rewrite them. 2. **Hierarchical Classification**: It helps in creating a hierarchical classification, making it easier to manage and organize code. For instance, if you have a general class like `Vehicle`, you can have more specific subclasses like `Car`, `Bike`, or `Truck`, which inherit common attributes (like `speed`, `color`) and methods (like `accelerate()`, `brake()`) from `Vehicle`. 3. **Types of Inheritance**: - **Single Inheritance**: A class inherits from only one parent class. - **Multiple Inheritance**: A class can inherit from multiple parent classes (not supported directly in some languages like Java). - **Multilevel Inheritance**: A class inherits from a parent class, which in turn inherits from another parent class. - **Hierarchical Inheritance**: Multiple classes inherit from a**Inheritance** in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a fundamental concept that allows a new class (known as a **child class** or **subclass**) to acquire the properties and methods of an existing class (called the **parent class** or **superclass**). ### Key Points About Inheritance: 1. **Code Reusability**: Inheritance promotes code reuse by allowing the child class to use or modify methods and attributes of the parent class without having to rewrite them. 2. **Hierarchical Classification**: It helps in creating a hierarchical classification, making it easier to manage and organize code. For instance, if you have a general class like `Vehicle`, you can have more specific subclasses like `Car`, `Bike`, or `Truck`, which inherit common attributes (like `speed`, `color`) and methods (like `accelerate()`, `brake()`) from `Vehicle`. 3. **Types of Inheritance**: - **Single Inheritance**: A class inherits from only one parent class. - **Multiple Inheritance**: A class can inherit from multiple parent classes (not supported directly in some languages like Java). - **Multilevel Inheritance**: A class inherits from a parent class, which in turn inherits from another parent class. - **Hierarchical Inheritance**: Multiple classes inherit from a single parent class. - **Hybrid Inheritance**: A combination of two or more types of inheritance. 4. **Overriding**: The child class can provide its own implementation of methods defined in the parent class. This is known as **method overriding**. ### Example in Python: ```python class Animal: def

Inheritance.pptxRutujaTandalwade

Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Virtual Functions allows code reuse through inheritance. It establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes where a derived class inherits attributes and behaviors from its base class. Constructors and destructors of base classes are automatically called when objects of derived classes are created or destroyed. Derived classes can pass arguments to base class constructors and multiple inheritance determines the order of constructor calls. Object composition allows classes to contain instances of other classes to reuse their functionality.

Csharp4 inheritanceAbed Bukhari

INHERITANCE, POINTERS, VIRTUAL FUNCTIONS, POLYMORPHISM.pptxDeepasCSE

Inheritance, pointers, virtual functions, and polymorphism are essential concepts in object-oriented programming. Here's a brief explanation of each: Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming that allows a new class (a derived or child class) to inherit properties and behaviors from an existing class (a base or parent class). It promotes code reuse and hierarchy in class relationships. The derived class can extend or override the inherited attributes and methods, making it more specialized while retaining the common characteristics from the base class. Pointers: Pointers are variables that store memory addresses, allowing you to work with memory and objects more efficiently. In object-oriented programming, pointers are often used to reference objects, enabling dynamic allocation of objects and polymorphism. Pointers are critical for dynamic memory management and creating data structures like linked lists and trees. Virtual Functions: Virtual functions are functions defined in a base class and marked with the virtual keyword. They enable late binding or runtime polymorphism, allowing derived classes to provide their own implementation of the virtual function. Virtual functions are crucial for achieving polymorphism and are used in conjunction with pointers to objects. Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same method or function call in a way that is specific to their individual types. There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time polymorphism (function overloading) and runtime polymorphism (achieved through virtual functions). Polymorphism simplifies code and enables you to work with objects at a higher level of abstraction, using a common interface. In summary, inheritance allows classes to inherit properties and behaviors from other classes, pointers are used to reference objects and manage memory, virtual functions enable runtime polymorphism, and polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as instances of a common base class. These concepts are fundamental to designing flexible and extensible object-oriented software.

labwork practice on inhetitance-1.pptxsoniasharmafdp

Constructor&methodJani Harsh

1. Constructors are special member functions that initialize objects and allocate memory. They have the same name as the class and do not have a return type. 2. There are three types of constructors: default, simple, and parameterized. The default constructor is provided by Java if no constructor is defined, and has no arguments. 3. Methods are functions that belong to a class and perform tasks. There are simple, parameterized, and returning methods. Simple methods perform tasks without arguments, parameterized methods take arguments, and returning methods return a value.

Lecture4FALLEE31188

The document discusses inheritance in C++. It shows how a derived class can inherit properties and behaviors from a base class, while also adding its own private data members and defining its own public member functions, including overriding virtual functions from the base class. The key aspects covered are: - Defining derived classes that inherit publicly or privately from a base class - Access control of inherited members depending on inheritance type - Calling base class constructors from derived class constructors - Derived classes augmenting the base class with additional data and functions - Overriding functions to specialize behavior while reusing the base class interface

Lecture4rajesh0ks

The document discusses inheritance in C++. It shows how a derived class can inherit properties and behaviors from a base class, while also adding its own properties and overriding or specializing inherited behaviors. Examples include a Polygon base class that is derived into Rectangle and Triangle classes, and a Time base class derived into an ExtTime class that adds time zone tracking. Inheritance allows defining hierarchies of related classes to reduce duplication and extend functionality.

Inheritancepiyush shukla

This document discusses key concepts of inheritance in C++ including: 1. A derived class inherits data members and member functions from its parent class, but not constructors/destructors. It can add new members. 2. Constructors and destructors are called in order of derivation - base class constructor first, then derived, and destructor calls are in reverse order. 3. Inheritance allows polymorphism through virtual functions, where the appropriate version is chosen at runtime based on the actual object type.

6. Virtual base class.pptx and virtual functionarchana22486y

A Virtual Base Class in C++ is a technique used to prevent multiple copies of a base class when using multiple inheritance. It helps resolve the diamond problem, where a derived class inherits multiple instances of the same base class. By declaring a base class as virtual, C++ ensures that only one common instance of that class is inherited, reducing redundancy and ambiguity. This presentation will cover: ✔ Introduction to Multiple Inheritance & Diamond Problem ✔ Concept of Virtual Base Class ✔ Syntax & Implementation ✔ Code Example & Explanation ✔ Advantages & Use Cases Virtual base classes are an essential concept in advanced C++ programming, helping to manage multiple inheritance efficiently. By using the virtual keyword, developers can prevent redundancy, remove ambiguity, and improve code maintainability. This presentation will help you understand, implement, and apply virtual base classes in real-world C++ projects. ✅ Understanding Multiple Inheritance & Diamond Problem – Explanation of how multiple paths of inheritance can lead to redundancy. ✅ Concept of Virtual Base Class – How the virtual keyword in inheritance eliminates duplicate instances. ✅ Syntax & Implementation – Proper way to declare and use a virtual base class. ✅ Code Example & Explanation – Demonstrating the concept through a real C++ program. ✅ How Virtual Base Class Solves the Diamond Problem – Understanding the difference in memory structure and access. ✅ Advantages & Use Cases – Where and why to use virtual base classes in software development. Table of Contents 🔹 1. Understanding Multiple Inheritance & Diamond Problem What is multiple inheritance? How does it lead to ambiguity? What is the diamond problem in C++? 🔹 2. Concept of Virtual Base Class Definition of a virtual base class. How it differs from normal inheritance. 🔹 3. Syntax & Implementation How to declare a virtual base class using the virtual keyword. How it modifies the inheritance structure. 🔹 4. Code Example & Execution Demonstrating the diamond problem with normal inheritance. Fixing it using virtual base class. 🔹 5. Advantages of Virtual Base Class Prevents multiple copies of a base class. Eliminates ambiguity in function calls. Efficient memory management. 🔹 6. Real-World Applications How virtual base classes are used in software frameworks. Practical scenarios where multiple inheritance is needed. 🔹 7. Summary & Best Practices When to use virtual base classes. Best practices to follow while designing C++ class hierarchie

[C++] The Curiously Recurring Template Pattern: Static Polymorphsim and Expre...Francesco Casalegno

Lecture6.pptammu241754

This document discusses polymorphism in object-oriented programming. It defines polymorphism as the ability to assume different forms and explains that it is built upon inheritance. Polymorphism allows functions to be called in the same way for different object types at runtime through the use of virtual functions and dynamic binding. This overcomes the issues of static binding by delaying determination of the object type until runtime.

Introduction to inheritance and different types of inheritancehuzaifaakram12

025466482929 -OOP with Java Development Kit.pptDakshinaPahan

02-OOP with Java.pptEmanAsem4

This document provides an agenda and overview of key concepts in object-oriented programming with Java, including: - Class syntax such as access modifiers, static members, and the 'this' keyword. - Constructors, initializers, and how to call other constructors. - Inheritance concepts like subclasses, superclasses, and using the 'super' keyword. - Interfaces as contracts that can be implemented by classes. - Nested classes, both static and inner classes, as well as anonymous classes. - Enums for defining constant sets that can implement methods. The document provides examples to illustrate each concept.

6.INHERITANCE.ppt(MB).ppt .happycocoman

Inheritance allows the creation of hierarchical classifications in Java. A superclass can be inherited by a subclass, with the subclass being a specialized version of the superclass that inherits all of its variables and methods. The subclass can also define its own unique elements. Inheritance is implemented using the "extends" keyword. A subclass inherits all non-private members of the superclass and can override or hide superclass methods. Constructors are called from the superclass to the subclass. Inheritance allows code reuse and is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

Inheritancepoonam.rwalia

lecture-2021inheritance-160705095417.pdfAneesAbbasi14

[OOP - Lec 20,21] InheritanceMuhammad Hammad Waseem

Chapter 6 and inheritance OOP C++ tu ioeEZERR1

OOP unit II inheritance.pptx object oriented programmingSrishti951154

Inheritance.pptxRutujaTandalwade

Csharp4 inheritanceAbed Bukhari

INHERITANCE, POINTERS, VIRTUAL FUNCTIONS, POLYMORPHISM.pptxDeepasCSE

labwork practice on inhetitance-1.pptxsoniasharmafdp

Constructor&methodJani Harsh

Lecture4FALLEE31188

Lecture4rajesh0ks

Inheritancepiyush shukla

6. Virtual base class.pptx and virtual functionarchana22486y

[C++] The Curiously Recurring Template Pattern: Static Polymorphsim and Expre...Francesco Casalegno

Lecture6.pptammu241754

Introduction to inheritance and different types of inheritancehuzaifaakram12

025466482929 -OOP with Java Development Kit.pptDakshinaPahan

02-OOP with Java.pptEmanAsem4

6.INHERITANCE.ppt(MB).ppt .happycocoman

More from Deepak Singh (17)

Computer networks - CBSE New Syllabus (083) Class - XIIDeepak Singh

The document provides information on various computer networking concepts. It defines Internet of Things (IoT) and discusses the differences between public and private clouds. It also describes wired and wireless networks, the roles of clients and servers, and common networking hardware like NICs, switches, routers and access points. The document further explains networking protocols and standards such as IP versions, DNS, URLs, modulation techniques, and communication protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and more.

Chapter28 data-file-handlingDeepak Singh

This document discusses file handling in C++. It defines text and binary files, and describes classes like ofstream, ifstream, and fstream that are used for file input/output. It explains how to open, close, read from, and write to files, and describes functions for input/output of single characters and blocks of data. It also covers error handling functions and manipulating file pointers using methods like seekg() and seekp().

Chapter18 class-and-objectsDeepak Singh

Classes allow you to combine data and functions into a single unit called an object. A class defines the type, while an object is a variable of that class type. Classes contain private, protected, and public members that control access levels. Private members can only be accessed within the class, protected within the class and subclasses, and public anywhere. An example class Circle contains private data member radius and public member functions setRadius() and getArea() to set and get the radius. Objects can then be declared like Circle c1, c2 and their member functions accessed such as c1.setRadius(2.5).

Chapter13 two-dimensional-arrayDeepak Singh

The document discusses two-dimensional arrays in C++. It explains that a two-dimensional array is an array of arrays, with elements arranged in rows and columns. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, accessing, inputting, and passing two-dimensional arrays as parameters to functions. It also gives examples of functions that perform operations on two-dimensional arrays, such as addition, multiplication, finding row/column sums, diagonal sums, and transposing the array.

Chapter12 array-single-dimensionDeepak Singh

Chapter 11 FunctionDeepak Singh

Functions allow programmers to organize code into reusable blocks. A function performs a specific task and can accept input parameters and return an output. Functions make code more modular and easier to maintain. Functions are defined with a name, parameters, and body. They can be called from other parts of the code to execute their task. Parameters allow functions to accept input values, while return values allow functions to return output to the calling code. Functions can be called by passing arguments by value or reference. The document provides examples and explanations of different types of functions in C++ like inline functions, functions with default arguments, and global vs local variables.

Chapter 10 Library FunctionDeepak Singh

The C++ Standard Library provides functions for common tasks like math, strings, I/O, and more. It includes header files that replace older C-style headers. Key headers include <iostream> for I/O, <cmath> for math functions, and <cctype> for character functions. Functions cover tasks from calculating sines and cosines to converting cases and checking digit/letter types. The Standard Library makes programming easier by providing these useful and necessary capabilities.

Chapter 9 - Loops in C++Deepak Singh

This document discusses different types of looping statements in C++ including while, do-while, and for loops. It explains the syntax and flow of each loop. While and do-while loops evaluate a condition before or after executing the loop body. For loops allow pre-determining the number of iterations using initialization, condition testing, and incrementing/decrementing of a control variable. The document also covers jump statements like goto, break, continue and exit() which can transfer program control within and between loops and functions.

Chapter 8 - Conditional StatementDeepak Singh

Statements are the basic executable units in C++ programs. They include compound statements grouped in blocks with braces, null statements containing just a semicolon, and conditional statements like if, if-else, nested if, and switch statements. Conditional statements allow program execution to be selected based on conditions. The if statement executes code if a condition is true, if-else executes one of two blocks based on a condition, and switch permits multiple branching based on a variable's value matching case constants.

Chapter 7 - Input Output Statements in C++Deepak Singh

The document discusses input/output (I/O) in C++ using the iostream header file. It describes the cout and cin stream objects that can be used for output to the console and input from the console, respectively. cout is used with the insertion operator << to print output, while cin is used with the extraction operator >> to get user input from keyboard and store it in variables. Examples are provided to demonstrate printing output with cout, getting single data inputs and multiple inputs with cin, and using getline to get an entire line of input as a string.

Chapter 5 - Operators in C++Deepak Singh

The document discusses different types of operators in C++ including arithmetic, relational, logical, unary, assignment, conditional, and comma operators. It provides examples of how each operator is used and explains their precedence. The six main types of operators are arithmetic, relational, logical, unary, assignment, and conditional operators. Arithmetic operators perform math operations, relational operators compare values, logical operators combine relational expressions, and so on.

Chapter 3 - Variable Memory ConceptDeepak Singh

This document introduces variables in C++ and how to perform basic calculations with them. It demonstrates declaring integer variables to store two input numbers and a result, assigning values to the input variables, adding the inputs and storing the result in the third variable, and printing out the sum. It also defines identifiers as symbolic names for data items in a program and keywords as reserved words in C++ that cannot be used as identifiers.

Chapter 2 - Structure of C++ ProgramDeepak Singh

This document provides an overview of the components of a simple "Hello World" C++ program, including comments, header files, namespaces, functions, output statements, and escape sequences. It explains that main is the first function executed, iostream is included for input/output, namespace std contains standard library elements, cout with << prints output, and return 0 indicates successful completion. It also demonstrates using escape sequences like \n to print multiple lines with a single statement.

Inheritance polymorphism-in-javaDeepak Singh

Computer science-2010-cbse-question-paperDeepak Singh

Cbse question-paper-computer-science-2009Deepak Singh

CBSE Question Paper Computer Science with C++ 2011Deepak Singh

This document provides instructions for a 3-hour computer science exam with 70 maximum marks. It includes 6 questions with subparts testing various C++ programming concepts. Question 1 covers local vs global variables, header files, error correction, and finding output. Question 2 differentiates class members, illustrates function overloading, and defines a class. Question 3 includes array functions for transferring content between arrays, finding an array element location, and queue operations. Question 4 involves file input/output functions for modifying a data file.

Computer networks - CBSE New Syllabus (083) Class - XIIDeepak Singh

Chapter28 data-file-handlingDeepak Singh

Chapter18 class-and-objectsDeepak Singh

Chapter13 two-dimensional-arrayDeepak Singh

Chapter12 array-single-dimensionDeepak Singh

Chapter 11 FunctionDeepak Singh

Chapter 10 Library FunctionDeepak Singh

Chapter 9 - Loops in C++Deepak Singh

Chapter 8 - Conditional StatementDeepak Singh

Chapter 7 - Input Output Statements in C++Deepak Singh

Chapter 5 - Operators in C++Deepak Singh

Chapter 3 - Variable Memory ConceptDeepak Singh

Chapter 2 - Structure of C++ ProgramDeepak Singh

Inheritance polymorphism-in-javaDeepak Singh

Computer science-2010-cbse-question-paperDeepak Singh

Cbse question-paper-computer-science-2009Deepak Singh

CBSE Question Paper Computer Science with C++ 2011Deepak Singh

Chapter26 inheritance-ii

1. www.cppforschool.com Constructor and inheritance The compiler automatically calls a base class constructor before executing the derived class constructor. The compiler’s default action is to call the default constructor in the base class. You can specify which of several base class constructors should be called during the creation of a derived class object. This is done by specifying the arguments to the selected base class constructor in the definition of the derived class constructor. class Rectangle { private : float length; float width; public: Rectangle () { length = 0; width = 0; } Rectangle (float len, float wid) { length = len; width = wid; } float area() { return length * width ; } }; class Box : public Rectangle { private : float height; public: Box () { height = 0; }

2. Box (float len, float wid, float ht) : Rectangle(len, wid) { height = ht; } float volume() { return area() * height; } }; int main () { Box bx; Box cx(4,8,5); cout << bx.volume() << endl; cout << cx.volume() << endl; return 0; } output : 0 160 Overriding Base Class Functions A derived class can override a member function of its base class by defining a derived class member function with the same name and parameter list. It is often useful for a derived class to define its own version of a member function inherited from its base class. This may be done to specialize the member function to the needs of the derived class. When this happens, the base class member function is said to be overridden by the derived class.

3. class mother { public: void display () { cout << "mother: display functionn"; } }; class daughter : public mother { public: void display () { cout << "daughter: display functionnn"; } }; int main () { daughter rita; rita.display(); return 0; } output: daughter: display function Gaining Access to an Overridden Function It is occasionally useful to be able to call the overridden version. This is done by using the scope resolution operator to specify the class of the overridden member function being accessed. class daughter : public mother { public: void display () { cout << "daughter: display functionnn"; mother::display(); } };

4. output: daughter: display function mother: display function Virtual Base Class Multipath inheritance may lead to duplication of inherited members from a grandparent base class. This may be avoided by making the common base class a virtual base class. When a class is made a virtual base class, C++ takes necessary care to see that only one copy of that class is inherited. class A { ..... ..... }; class B1 : virtual public A { ..... ..... }; class B2 : virtual public A { ..... ..... }; class C : public B1, public B2 { .....// only one copy of A .....// will be inherited };

Chapter26 inheritance-ii

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (19)

Viewers also liked (14)

Similar to Chapter26 inheritance-ii (20)

More from Deepak Singh (17)

Chapter26 inheritance-ii