Chemistry (biomass and recyclable polymers)
- 1. BIOMASS
- 2. introduction • WHAT IS BIOMASS? The total mass of living matter within a given unit of environmental area Plant material , vegetation or agricultural waste used as a fuel or energy source. • TYPES OF BIOMASS
- 3. BIOMASS RESOURCES 1. Wood and agricultural biomass : wood logs, chips, sawdust , bark, and other organic material. 2. Solid waste: by burning garbage, heat and energy is produced. 3. Landfill gas : Methane gas is produced by bacterial decay of dead plants and animals. 4. Alcohol fuels: wheat, corn and other crops can be converted into a variety of liquid fuels including ethanol and methanol.
- 4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ADVANTAGES • Renewable fuel source • Biomass energy production results in minimal environmental impact. • Employment generation in rural areas. • Alcohol fuels are efficient and clean burning. • The availability of biomass fuels is universal. DIS-ADVANTAGES • When combusted to produce energy it contributes directly to global warming. • An expensive source to produce and convert. • On a small scale there is a likely net loss in energy; as energy must be put in to grow the plant mass.
- 5. CONVERTING BIOMASS ENERGY TO USEABLE ENERGY SOURCE 1. Direct Incineration. 2. Bacterial Decay: Methane gas produced by the bacterial decay of dead plants or animals. 3. Fermentation: Adding a yeast to biomass produces an alcohol called ethanol. 4. CONVERSION: Biomass can be converted into gas or liquid fuels by using chemicals or heat.
- 6. USES OF BIOMASS • 80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use. • 79% of the biomass we use today comes from burning wood and chips • Biomass is used to heat homes. Wood is burned in open fires or wood pellet boilers and stoves. • 18% of biomass is produced for industrial use. • 2% of biomass energy is produced for transport.
- 8. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO RECYCLE POLYMERS? It is important to recycle polymers (plastics), because: • It pollutes beaches and oceans • Kills animals • Litters environment. • Non- biodegradable • Have adverse effects on humans
- 9. STAGES IN RECYCLING OF POLYMERS: • INSPECTION: Workers inspect the plastic trash for contaminants like rock and glass, and for plastics that the plant cannot recycle. • CHOPPINGAND WASHING: The plastic is washed and chopped into flakes. • FLOATATIONTANK: If mixed plastics are being recycled, they are sorted in the flotation tank, where some type of plastic sink and others float. • DRYING: Plastic flakes are dried in a tumble dryer.
- 10. • MELTING: The dried flakes are fed into an extruder , where heat and pressure melts the plastic. Different types of plastics melts at different temperatures. • FILTERING:The molten plastic is forced through a fine screen to remove any contaminants that slipped through the washing process . The molten plastic is then formed into strands. • PELLETIZING: The strands are cooled in water then chopped into uniform pellets. Manufacturing companies buy the plastic pellets from recyclers to make new products.
- 11. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES: 1. Lower labor costs 2. Lower transportation costs, hand or ox carts often being used. 3. Innovative use of scrap machinery often leads to low entry costs for processing or manufacture. 4. Existing culture of reuse and recycling & collection of these materials. DISADVANTAGES: 1. Cost may not be economical to recycle small quantities of plastics . 2. Training of waste generators will be required, so they can separate the waste properly.
- 13. CONCLUSION • Recycling polymer is one strategy for end-of-life waste management of packaging materials. • It is more economical and environmentally better as compared to other waste reducing systems such as incineration , landfill , decomposition, etc.
- 14. Presentation by : • TALHA MOMIN (33) • SUGAM PANDEY(34) • ATHARVA PARAB(35) • SIMRAN PARDESHI(36)