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AZ Huang <aitjcize@gmail.com>
Chromium OS
Chromium OS Introduction
What is Chromium OS?
Chromium OS
Chromium OS Introduction
Features
● Fast booting (only on Chromebook ;)
○ Boot within 5 seconds!
○ Customized firmware + bootloader:
■ Firmware(i.e. BIOS): coreboot
■ Bootloader: depthcharge
● Simple and Safe:
○ Security: browser sandbox + verified boot
● Based on Gentoo
● Has keyboard!
Security: Web Apps?
● Chrome extensions:
○ Pure HTML5
○ With NaCl: Native Client binary
■ Sandboxed environment
■ Small performance overhead
● Android Apps?
ARC: App Runtime for Chrome
● Currently only supports for apps (officially):
○ Duolingo - A fun and free way to learn a new
language before your next trip
○ Evernote - Write, collect and find what matters to
you, with a full-size keyboard and touchscreen
○ Sight Words - A delightful way for you to help
improve your child's reading skills
○ Vine - Create short, beautiful, looping videos in a
simple and fun way
ARC: App Runtime for Chrome
● Hack: vladikoff/chromeos-apk
○ Run other Apps on Windows/Linux/MacOS
Security
● But every piece of software has bugs …
○ Browser loopholes?
○ Sandbox is penetrated?
● OS modified, data stolen...
Security: Verified Boot
● How can I prevent firmware/filesystem/kernel
being modified by malware?
RO
firmware
(root key)
RW
firmware
Verifies
Kernel Filesystem
Verifies Verifies
Security: Filesystem Verifying
● Linux: dm-verity
Security: Verified Boot
● What if firmware / kernel / filesystem actually
got modified?
● Have a duplicate of everything!!
Filesystem
A
Kernel
A
RW
firmware
A
RO
firmware
Kernel
B
RW
firmware
B
Filesystem
B
Boot
Boot
Security: Verified Boot
● With verified boot, filesystem is read-only?
What about user data?
○ Stateful partition
Filesystem
A
Kernel
A
Stateful partition
(stores user data)
Filesystem
B
Kernel
B
Filesystem
C
Kernel
C
Reserved, not
used for now
OEM
Encrypted
Security: A copy of everything?
● Benefits:
○ AU(Auto update) can be done in another copy.
○ If AU failed, we can always fallback to the previous
version.
Filesystem
A
Kernel
A
Filesystem
B
Kernel
B
Currently
Booting
AU
Becomes default at next boot
Boot failed?
fall back to the previous version
Boot Priority
Physical Security
● What if someone grab your device, can he
read the files (browser cache/bookmarks…)?
● Stateful partition is encrypted
○ Key stored in TPM
● TPM: Trusted Platform Module:
○ Preventing firmware version rollback
○ Store user data encryption keys
○ Protect certain RSA keys
Hacking Chromium OS
● Crouton: Chromium OS Universal Chroot
Environment
○ Run Ubuntu(chroot) on Chromebook!
Hacking Chromium OS
● Chrbuntu:
○ Booting with ChromeOS kernel + any rootfs
○ You still need kernel modules under /lib/modules ;)
○ http://chromeos-cr48.blogspot.fr/
○ http://askubuntu.com/questions/356243/true-ubuntu-
on-chromebook-arm-samsung
Hacking Chromium OS
● Chromium OS SDK:
○ A Gentoo chroot environment
● Become a chromium OS developer!
○ http://www.chromium.org/chromium-os
○ http://chromium-review.googlesource.com
Thank you!
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Chromium OS Introduction

  • 3. What is Chromium OS? Chromium OS
  • 5. Features ● Fast booting (only on Chromebook ;) ○ Boot within 5 seconds! ○ Customized firmware + bootloader: ■ Firmware(i.e. BIOS): coreboot ■ Bootloader: depthcharge ● Simple and Safe: ○ Security: browser sandbox + verified boot ● Based on Gentoo ● Has keyboard!
  • 6. Security: Web Apps? ● Chrome extensions: ○ Pure HTML5 ○ With NaCl: Native Client binary ■ Sandboxed environment ■ Small performance overhead ● Android Apps?
  • 7. ARC: App Runtime for Chrome ● Currently only supports for apps (officially): ○ Duolingo - A fun and free way to learn a new language before your next trip ○ Evernote - Write, collect and find what matters to you, with a full-size keyboard and touchscreen ○ Sight Words - A delightful way for you to help improve your child's reading skills ○ Vine - Create short, beautiful, looping videos in a simple and fun way
  • 8. ARC: App Runtime for Chrome ● Hack: vladikoff/chromeos-apk ○ Run other Apps on Windows/Linux/MacOS
  • 9. Security ● But every piece of software has bugs … ○ Browser loopholes? ○ Sandbox is penetrated? ● OS modified, data stolen...
  • 10. Security: Verified Boot ● How can I prevent firmware/filesystem/kernel being modified by malware? RO firmware (root key) RW firmware Verifies Kernel Filesystem Verifies Verifies
  • 12. Security: Verified Boot ● What if firmware / kernel / filesystem actually got modified? ● Have a duplicate of everything!! Filesystem A Kernel A RW firmware A RO firmware Kernel B RW firmware B Filesystem B Boot Boot
  • 13. Security: Verified Boot ● With verified boot, filesystem is read-only? What about user data? ○ Stateful partition Filesystem A Kernel A Stateful partition (stores user data) Filesystem B Kernel B Filesystem C Kernel C Reserved, not used for now OEM Encrypted
  • 14. Security: A copy of everything? ● Benefits: ○ AU(Auto update) can be done in another copy. ○ If AU failed, we can always fallback to the previous version. Filesystem A Kernel A Filesystem B Kernel B Currently Booting AU Becomes default at next boot Boot failed? fall back to the previous version
  • 16. Physical Security ● What if someone grab your device, can he read the files (browser cache/bookmarks…)? ● Stateful partition is encrypted ○ Key stored in TPM ● TPM: Trusted Platform Module: ○ Preventing firmware version rollback ○ Store user data encryption keys ○ Protect certain RSA keys
  • 17. Hacking Chromium OS ● Crouton: Chromium OS Universal Chroot Environment ○ Run Ubuntu(chroot) on Chromebook!
  • 18. Hacking Chromium OS ● Chrbuntu: ○ Booting with ChromeOS kernel + any rootfs ○ You still need kernel modules under /lib/modules ;) ○ http://chromeos-cr48.blogspot.fr/ ○ http://askubuntu.com/questions/356243/true-ubuntu- on-chromebook-arm-samsung
  • 19. Hacking Chromium OS ● Chromium OS SDK: ○ A Gentoo chroot environment ● Become a chromium OS developer! ○ http://www.chromium.org/chromium-os ○ http://chromium-review.googlesource.com