Civil History-From Ancient Structures to Smart Cities.pptx
- 1. History of Civil Engineering From Ancient Structures to Smart Cities
- 2. 1. Prehistoric and Ancient Civil Engineering • Early shelters (~10,000 BCE) • Ancient Egypt: Pyramids, canals • Mesopotamia: Ziggurats, drainage • Indus Valley: Urban planning, drainage • China: Great Wall, irrigation systems
- 4. 2. Classical Era (Greece & Rome) • Greek geometry and temples • Roman arches, aqueducts, roads • Use of concrete and engineering manuals • Iconic structures: Colosseum, Roman roads
- 9. 3. Medieval Period • Focus on military and religious buildings • Castles, Gothic cathedrals (e.g., Notre Dame) • Stone masonry and flying buttresses • Limited scientific advancement
- 10. 4. Renaissance and Enlightenment (1400s– 1700s) • Revival of classical knowledge • Engineers like Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo • Hydraulic engineering • Scientific approach to construction
- 11. 5. Industrial Revolution (1700s–1800s) • Rise of machines, iron, and steam • John Smeaton: Father of Civil Engineering • Railways, bridges, factories • Invention of Portland cement
- 12. 6. Modern Civil Engineering (20th Century– Present) • Specializations: Structural, Geotech, etc. • Reinforced concrete, steel, skyscrapers • CAD and computer modeling • Iconic projects: Burj Khalifa, Golden Gate Bridge
- 13. 7. Future of Civil Engineering • AI, IoT, and BIM integration • 3D printing and modular construction • Green and sustainable design • Climate adaptation and smart infrastructure