Class_X_PYTHON_J.pdf

• It is an incredibly powerful tool for
interactively developing and presenting AI
related projects.
• The Jupyter project is the successor to the
earlier IPython Notebook, which was first
published as a prototype in 2010.
• Different programming languages can be used
• Different programming languages can be used
within Jupyter Notebooks, Python remains the
most commonly used language for it.
• Jupyter Notebook is an open source web
application that can be used to create and
share documents that contain live code,
equations, visualizations, and text.

It works on…
• LOCALHOST 127.0.0.1
• Port Number 8888

• The easiest way to install and start using
Jupyter Notebook is through Anaconda.
• Anaconda is the most widely used Python
distribution for data science and comes pre-
loaded with all the most popular libraries and
tools.
• With Anaconda, comes the Anaconda
• With Anaconda, comes the Anaconda
Navigator through which we can scroll around
all the applications which come along with it.
• Jupyter notebook can easily be accessed using
the Anaconda Prompt with the help of a local
host.

• To work with Jupyter Notebook, it is necessary
to have a kernel on which it operates.
• A kernel provides programming language
support in Jupyter.
• IPython is the default kernel for Jupyter
Notebook.
• Therefore, whenever we need to work with
Jupyter Notebook in a virtual environment, we
first need to install a kernel inside the
environment in which the Jupyter notebook
will run.

Introduction to Virtual Environments
• A virtual environment is a tool that helps to
keep dependencies required by different
projects separated, by creating isolated
Python virtual environments for them.
Python virtual environments for them.
• This is one of the most important tools that
most of the Python developers use.

Why it is required?
• Imagine a scenario where we are working on two
Python-based projects and one of them works on
Python 2.7 and the other uses Python 3.7.
• In such situations virtual environment can be
really useful to maintain dependencies of both
the projects as the virtual environments will
make sure that these dependencies are not
the projects as the virtual environments will
make sure that these dependencies are not
conflicting with each other and no impact
reaches the base environment at any point in
time.
• Thus, different projects developed in the system
might have another environment to keep their
dependencies isolated from each other.

Introduction to Python
• Python is a programming language which was
created by Guido Van Rossum and publicly
released in 1991.
• It got its name from a BBC comedy series from
1970s – ‘Monty Python’s Flying Circus’.
• It can be used to follow both procedural
approach and object-oriented approach of
programming.
• Python has a lot of functionalities which
makes it so popular to use.

• Artificial intelligence is the trending
technology of the future.
• We can see so many applications around us.
• If we as individuals would also like to develop
an AI application, we will need to know a
programming language.
programming language.
• There are various programming languages like
Lisp, Prolog, C++, Java and Python, which can
be used for developing applications of AI.

Python gains a maximum popularity
because of the following reasons:
• Easy to learn, read and maintain
• Python has few keywords, simple structure
and a clearly defined syntax.
• Python allows anyone to learn the language
• Python allows anyone to learn the language
quickly.
• A program written in Python is fairly easy-to-
maintain.

• A Broad Standard library
• Python has a huge bunch of libraries with
plenty of built-in functions to solve a variety of
problems.
problems.

• Interactive Mode
• Python has support for an interactive mode
which allows interactive testing and
debugging of snippets of code.
debugging of snippets of code.

• Portability and Compatibility
• Python can run on a wide variety of operating
systems and hardware platforms, and has the
same interface on all platforms.
same interface on all platforms.

• Extendable
• We can add low-level modules to the Python
interpreter.
• These modules enable programmers to add to
• These modules enable programmers to add to
or customize their tools to be more efficient.

Applications of Python
• Software Development
• Games and 3D Graphics
• Database Access
• Business Applications
• Business Applications
• Web and Internet Development
• Desktop GUI Applications

Python Basics
• Printing Statements
• We can use Python to display outputs for any
code we write.
code we write.
• To print any statement, we use print()
function in Python.

• Python Statements and Comments
• Instructions written in the source code to
execute are known as statements.
• These are the lines of code which we write for
the computer to work upon.
• For example, if we wish to print the addition
of two numbers, say 5 and 10, we would
of two numbers, say 5 and 10, we would
simply write: print(5+10)
• This is a Python statement as the computer
would go through it and do the needful (which
in this case would be to calculate 5+10 and
print it on the output screen)

• On the other hand, there exist some statements
which do not get executed by the computer.
• These lines of code are skipped by the machine.
• They are known as comments.
• Comments are the statements which are
incorporated in the code to give a better
understanding of code statements to the user.
• To write a comment in Python, one can use # and
• To write a comment in Python, one can use # and
then write anything after it.
• For example:
• # This is a comment and will not be read by the
machine.
• print(5+10) # This is a statement and the
machine will print the summation.

• Keywords & Identifiers
• In Python, there exist some words which are
pre-defined and carry a specific meaning for
the machine by default.
• These words are known as keywords.
Keywords cannot be changed at any point in
time and should not be used any other way
time and should not be used any other way
except the default one, otherwise they create
confusion and might result in ambiguous
outputs.

• An identifier is any word which is variable.
Identifiers can be declared by the user as per
their convenience of use and can vary
according to the way the user wants.
• These words are not defined and can be used
in any way.
• Keywords cannot be used as identifiers.
• Identifiers are also case-sensitive hence an
identifier named as Test would be different
from an identifier named test.

• Variables
• A variable is a named location used to store
data in the memory.
• It is helpful to think of variables as a container
that holds data which can be changed later
throughout programming.
throughout programming.
• Just like in Mathematics, in Python too we can
use variables to store values in it.
• The difference here is, that in Python, the
variables not only store numerical values, but
can also contain different types of data.

• For example:
• X = 10
# X variable contains numerical data
• Letters = ‘XYZ’
# Letters variable contains alphabetic data
• number = 13.95
• number = 13.95
# number variable contains a decimal value
• word = ‘k’
# word variable contains a character

The rules for naming an identifier in
Python are as follows:
• The name should begin with
– an uppercase or a lowercase alphabet or
– an underscore sign (_).
This may be followed by any combination of
characters a-z, A-Z, 0-9 or underscore (_).
Thus, an identifier cannot start with a digit.
Thus, an identifier cannot start with a digit.
• It can be of any length.
(However, it is preferred to keep it short and meaningful).
• It should not be a keyword or reserved word .
• We cannot use special symbols like !, @, #, $, %,
etc. in identifiers .

TOKENS IN PYTHON
• Smallest individual unit in a program is
known as token.
• Keywords
• Identifiers
• Identifiers
• Literals
• Operators
• Punctuators

Data Types
Data types Specifies which type of value a variable
can store.
Data Types
Numbers (int, Float)
Boolean
Boolean
Tuple
List
String
Set
Dictionary

• Python inputs
• To collect the data from the user at the time
of execution, input() function is used.
• While using the input function, the datatype
of the expected input is required to be
mentioned so that the machine does not
mentioned so that the machine does not
interpret the received data in an incorrect
manner
• As the data taken as input from the user is
considered to be a string (sequence of
characters) by default.

• Python Operators
• Operators are special symbols which represent
computation.
• They are applied on operand(s), which can be
values or variables.
• Same operators can behave differently on
different data types.
different data types.
• Operators when applied on operands form an
expression.
• Operators are categorized as Arithmetic,
Relational, Logical and Assignment.
• Value and variables when used with operators are
known as operands.

Expressions
• An expression is defined as a combination of
constants, variables and operators.
• An expression always evaluates to a value.
• A value or a standalone variable is also
considered as an expression but a standalone
considered as an expression but a standalone
operator is not an expression.
• Some examples of valid expressions are given
below.
• (i) num – 20.4 (iii) 23/3 -5 * 7*(14 -2)
• (ii) 3.0 + 3.14 (iv) "Global"+"Citizen"

Give the output of the following when
num1 = 5, num2 = 4, num3 = 1
a) num1 += num2 + num3
b) num1 = num1 ** (num2 + num3)
c) num1 **= num2 + c
d) num1 = '5' + '5'
d) num1 = '5' + '5'
e) print(4.00/(2.0+2.0))
f) num1 = 2+9*((3*12)-8)/10
g) num1 = float(10)
h) num1 = int('3.14')

• print('Bye' == 'BYE')
• print(10 != 9 and 20 >= 20)
• print(10 + 6 * 2 ** 2 != 9//4 -3 and 29>= 29/9)
• print(5 % 10 + 10 < 50 and 29 <= 29)
• print((0 < 6) or (not(10 == 6) and (10<0)))

Class_X_PYTHON_J.pdf

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