Closed2Open Networking
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This document summarizes a presentation on networking technologies moving from closed to open systems. It discusses the transition from proprietary networking hardware and software to software-defined networks (SDNs) using open standards and protocols. SDNs allow for network virtualization through open interfaces, multiple network operating systems, and isolation of "slices" of the physical network. This enables more innovation, lower barriers to entry, and a healthier marketplace. Open network technologies discussed include OpenFlow, Open Compute Project, Open Network Install Environment, open hardware switches, Open Network Linux, and Google's use of SDNs in its large data centers.
![Who am I?
Antonio Pescape'
Dipartimento di Ingegneria
Elettrica e delle Tecnologie
dell'Informazione (DIETI)
University of Napoli
''Federico II''
Via Claudio, 21 - 80125,
Napoli (Italy) [Room n. 4.09]
tel. +39 081 7683856 - fax
+39 081 7683816
e-mail : pescape@unina.it
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Closed2Open Networking
- 1. Closed2Open Networking Linux Day 2015 Napoli, October 24 2015 Antonio Pescapè, [email protected]
- 2. Who am I? Antonio Pescape' Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione (DIETI) University of Napoli ''Federico II'' Via Claudio, 21 - 80125, Napoli (Italy) [Room n. 4.09] tel. +39 081 7683856 - fax +39 081 7683816 e-mail : [email protected] 2
- 3. Agenda From “Closed Networking” to “Open Networking” Software Defined Networks Open Network Technologies A Real Example: Google Data Network References 3
- 4. From “Closed Networking” to “Open Networking” 4
- 5. Million of lines of source code 5400 RFCs Barrier to entry 500M gates 10Gbytes RAM Bloated Power Hungry Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure OSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services, Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, … An industry with a “mainframe-mentality” We have lost our way Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System App App App Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, … slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 6. Operating System Reality App App App Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System App App App • Lack of competition means glacial innovation • Closed architecture means blurry, closed interfaces slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 7. Glacial process of innovation made worse by captive standards process Deployment Idea Standardize Wait 10 years • Driven by vendors • Consumers largely locked out • Lowest common denominator features • Glacial innovation slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 8. Total number of RFCs published 8 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 9. Example: IEEE 802.11Q 9 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 10. Example: specs of an Ethernet Switch 10 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 11. Computing 11 slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 12. Networking 12 slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 14. Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Ap p Ap p Ap p Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Ap p Ap p Ap p Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Ap p Ap p Ap p Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Ap p Ap p Ap p Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Operating System Ap p Ap p Ap p Network Operating System App App App Change is happening in non-traditional markets slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 15. App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware App App Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware 3. Well-defined open API 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source The “Software-defined Network” slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 17. Slicing the physical network 18 slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 18. Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Network Operating System 1 Open interface to hardware Virtualization or “Slicing” Layer Network Operating System 2 Network Operating System 3 Network Operating System 4 Ap p Ap p Ap p Ap p Ap p Ap p Ap p Ap p Many operating systems, or Many versions Open interface to hardware Isolated “slices” Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 19. Consequences More innovation in network services Owners, operators, 3rd party developers, researchers can improve the network E.g. energy management, data center management, policy routing, access control, denial of service, mobility Lower barrier to entry for competition Healthier market place, new players slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 20. The change has already started In a nutshell Driven by cost and control Started in data centers…. and has spread Transition is towards an open-source, software-defined network Growing interest for cellular and telecom networks (5G) Modified slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 21. Windows (OS) Windows (OS) Linux Mac OS x86 (Computer) Windows (OS) AppApp LinuxLinux Mac OS Mac OS Virtualization layer App Controller 1 AppApp Controller 2 Virtualization or “Slicing” App OpenFlow Controller 1 NOX (Network OS) Controller 2Network OS Transition Computer Industry Network Industry Modified slide by Nick McKeown, Stanford University
- 23. Overview of Open Network Technologies 24 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 24. Typical Network Operating System (switch and/or router) • Structured as “black box” CLI != API • Closed development model Diagnostics “under the hood” difficult to see • Complicated management tool chains SNMP MIB’s… hell Screen scraping… regex’s change on OS version Arcane / low adoption scripting languages • Not geared for rapid spin-up / spin-down of resources Traditional networking October 16, 201325 slide by Cumulus Networks
- 25. • IP-based networks Limited adoption - large scale L2, InfiniBand, ATM • Configuration management / automation Monitoring Policy enforcement Rapid spin-up / spin-down • New breed of applications East-West vs. North-South flows October 16, 201326 Modern datacenter network roots slide by Cumulus Networks
- 26. • Dominate server platform Well established ecosystem of distributions, best practices, knowledge Open well documented API, large selection of language interpreters Excellent networking support - IPv6, NAT’s, QoS, accounting • Vibrant community which fuels rapid innovation • Heavy automation frameworks Open nature has facilitated huge management tool-chain progress October 16, 201327 Linux? slide by Cumulus Networks
- 27. GNU/Linux is a great fit as the OS for not just servers but also routers and switches in the modern data center In other words… October 16, 2013 28 slide by Cumulus Networks
- 28. October 16, 201329 Linux as the embedded OS: process and memory mgmt Embedded OS with process and memory mgmt No real OS, while loop Monolithic OS 3rd Real-time OS Linux-based OS Eg: IOS, CatOS Proprietary routing and switching stack Eg: ION Eg: NX-OS, EOS Eg: Cumulus Linux Linux OS Linux as Network OS: Native routing and switching Proprietary routing and switching stack Proprietary routing and switching stack Network Device Operating System Evolution Modified slide by Cumulus Networks
- 29. Open Hardware Switches 30 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 30. Open Compute Project 31 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 31. Open Network Install Environment (1/2) 32 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 32. Open Network Install Environment (2/2) 33 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 33. FaceBook Wedge 6-Pack open hardware modular switch 34
- 34. Edge-Core White Label Switches 35 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 35. DELL ONIE Switches 36 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 36. Open Network Linux 39 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 37. Emerging Open Switch Ecosystems 40 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 38. Apple 41 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 39. Facebook and Mellanox 42 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 40. HP and Microsoft 43 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 41. A Real Example: Google Data Network 44
- 42. Google Data Network 45 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 43. Google Data Network 46 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 44. Google Data Network: Google Open Flow Switch 47 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 45. Google Data Network 48 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 46. Google Data Network: almost 100% utilization 49 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 47. Google Data Network 50 slide by Ronald van der Pol, Surfnet
- 48. References/Credits 51 • This talk contains slides or ideas from the following sources: • Ronal van der pol, Emerging Software Defined Networking & Open APIs Ecosystem, March 2015 • Ronal van der pol, Abstractions and Open APIs in Networking, April 2015 • Nick McKneown, Software-defined Networks, October 2009 • Over coming traditional network limitations with open source, Cumulus Networks This talk and/or part of it can be used freely.
- 49. Thank you for your attention! 52 Any Questions? ?