The Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework for Azure provides a modular approach to help organizations align their business, people, and technology strategies to achieve business goals through cloud adoption. The framework consists of five stages - Ready, Plan, Adopt, Manage, and Govern - to deliver fast results with control and stability. It establishes a foundational cloud environment and provides guidance on defining a cloud strategy, planning adoption efforts, migrating and innovating workloads, managing operations, and establishing governance policies to ensure a well-managed, cross-cloud environment.