Cluster computing
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A computer cluster is a group of tightly coupled computers that work together like a single computer (Paragraph 1). Clusters are commonly connected through fast local area networks and have evolved to support applications ranging from e-commerce to databases (Paragraph 2). A cluster uses interconnected standalone computers that cooperate to create the illusion of a single computer with parallel processing capabilities. Clusters provide benefits like reduced costs, high availability if components fail, and scalability by allowing addition of nodes (Paragraphs 3-4). The history of clusters began in the 1970s and operating systems like Linux are now commonly used (Paragraph 5). Clusters have architectures with interconnected nodes that appear as a single system to users (Paragraph 6). Clusters are categorized based on availability
Cluster computing
- 1. CLUSTER COMPUTING Presented by: Harsha vardhan Sharath
- 2. CONTENTS • Introducing Clusters • About Cluster Computing • Why Clusters? • History • Architecture • Categories • Issues
- 3. INTRODUCTION A computer cluster is a group of tightly coupled computers that work together closely so that it can be viewed as a single computer. Clusters are commonly connected through fast local area networks. Clusters have evolved to support applications ranging from e-commerce, to high performance database applications.
- 4. CLUSTER COMPUTERS IN VIEW
- 5. CLUSTER COMPUTERS A group of interconnected WHOLE COMPUTERS works together as a unified computing resource that can create the illusion of being one machine having parallel processing. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks.
- 6. WHY TO USE CLUSTERS Price/Performance The reason for the growth in use of clusters is that they have significantly reduced the cost of processing power. Availability Single points of failure can be eliminated, if any one system component goes down, the system as a whole stay highly available. Scalability HPC clusters can grow in overall capacity because processors and nodes can be added as demand increases.
- 7. HISTORY The first commodity clustering product was ARCsystem, developed by Datapoint in 1977. The next product was VAXcluster, released by DEC in 1980’s. Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, and other leading hardware and software companies offer clustering packages. But Linux is the most widely used operating systems ever since for cluster computers around the world.
- 8. ARCHITECTURE A cluster is a type of parallel /distributed processing system,which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone computers cooperatively working together a single, integrated computing resource. A node: a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, &OS generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together in a single cabinet, or physically separated & connected via a LAN appear as a single system to users and applications provide a cost-effective way to gain features and benefits
- 10. CLUSTER CATEGORISATION High-availability (HA) Load-balancing High- Performance(HP)
- 11. HIGH AVAILABILITY CLUSTERS Avoid single point of failure This requires atleast two nodes - a primary a nd a backup. Always with redundancy Almost all load balancing cluster are with HA capability.
- 12. LOAD BALANCING CLUSTERS PC cluster deliver load balancing performanc e Commonly used with busy ftp and web serve rs with large client base Large number of nodes to share load
- 13. HIGH-PERFORMANCE Start from 1994 Donald Becker of NASA assembled this clust er. Also called Beowulf cluster Applications like data mining, simulations, pa rallel processing, weather modeling, etc.
- 14. ISSUES Cluster Networking Cluster Software Programming Timing Network Selection Speed Selection
- 15. CLUSTER NETWORKING Huge difference in the speed of data accessibility and transferability and how the nodes communicate. Just got to make sure that if it’s in your budget then the clusters have the similar networking capabilities and if possible, then buy the network adapters from the same manufacturer.
- 16. CLUSTER SOFTWARE You will have to build versions of clustering software for each kind of system you include in your cluster.
- 17. PROGRAMMING Our code will have to be written to support the lowest common denominator for data types supported by the least powerful node in our cluster. With mixed machines, the more powerful machines will have attributes that cannot be attained in the powerful machine.
- 18. TIMING This is the most problematic aspect of cluster. Since these machines have different performance profile our code will execute at different rates on the different kinds of nodes. This can cause serious bottlenecks if a process on one node is waiting for results of a calculation on a slower node..
- 19. NETWORK SELECTION There are a number of different kinds of network topologies, including buses, cubes of various degrees, and grids/meshes. These network topologies will be implemented by use of one or more network interface cards, or NICs, installed into the head-node and compute nodes of our cluster.
- 20. SPEED SELECTION No matter what topology you choose for your cluster, you will want to get fastest network that your budget allows. Fortunately, the availability of high speed computers has also forced the development of high speed networking systems. Examples are : 10Mbit Ethernet, 100Mbit Ethernet, gigabit networking, channel bonding etc.
- 21. THANK YOU!!!