CollabSphere SC 103 : Domino on the Web : Yes, It's (Probably) Hackable

SC 103
Domino on the Web - Yes, It's
(Probably) Hackable
Darren Duke

About Me
• Ex co-host of This Week In Lotus podcast
• Current (?) co-co-host of WTF Tech podcast
• Sometime blogger https://blog.darrenduke.net
• Twitter snark fountain @darrenduke
• This maybe the best slide in the deck. Feel free
to leave right now…

Agenda
• What we will cover
– Then eternal battle of admin vs developer
– The simple things
– The less simple things
– The harder things
– The much harder things

Be Careful
• When you have a web server you are a target
– Do the simple things first
– Change one thing at time and test
• You will break something
• No, really you will
• No. For real. You will break something.
• I broke my blog search
• I broke iNotes clipboard pasting

The Eternal Battle
• Web server security, whose responsibility?
– Is it the application developer?
– Is it the web server administrator?
– Yes
• Developer
– Tell
• What is *your* required minimum security
• Administrator
– Ask
• What is the maximum level of security I can use?
• If no answer, start high and move down

Sanitize Input
• Developers, you must sanitize the input
uploaded by your web applications
– Input fields need to be cleaned on form
submission
• Ex, on submit check for an remove <script> tags in the
input
• This reduces the risk of a compromised server
– Try to hack your own applications

• The Domino HTTP stack
– Not the most up-to-date HTTP stack available
• I’m being nice
– Missing many modern features
• HTTP/2, SNI
• Yes, I’m sure Domino 10 will address this along with
world peace
– Complicated HTTP header use
– Sometimes TLS/SSL gets caught with pants down
• Poodle
• ROBOT

• So yes, you can do most of this in Domino
• I would use a reverse proxy
– Apache
– Nginx
• I use both
– Blog behind Nginx (on Prominic)
– iNotes, Traveler behind Apache (on-prem)
• Proxies can also HA and LB
– Try that in native Domino!

The Simple Things
• More Secure Internet Passwords

The Simple Things
• More Secure EXISTING Internet Passwords

The Simple Things
• Make your Domino LTPA cookie more secure
– Require SSL
• Mitigate man-in-the-middle-attacks
– Restrict Use
• Prevent script access to cookie
• Mitigate XSS

The Simple Things
• Notes.ini Settings
– HSTS
• https://blog.darrenduke.net/darren/ddbz.nsf/dx/domino-
adds-hsts-to-its-security-arsenal.htm
– X-Frame Header Options
• http://www-
01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21568598
• 9.0.1 FP6+ HTTPAdditionalRespHeader=X-Frame-Options:
SAMEORIGIN
– DominoValidateFramesetSRC=1
• Frame content must be from the same database
• https://www-
10.lotus.com/ldd/dominowiki.nsf/dx/DominoValidateFrames
etSRC

The Simple Things
• Other Notes.ini Settings
– SSL_DISABLE_RENEGOTIATE=1
– HTTPEnableConnectorHeaders=0
– SSL_RESUMABLE_SESSIONS=0
– SSL_DISABLE_TLS_10=1

The Simple Things
• Upgrade to latest Fix Pack
– FP10 fixes ROBOT
– Each FP will deprecate weak/vulnerable ciphers

I’ll show mine, if you show yours
• HTTP Headers are your friend
• Prevents browser from doing stupid things
– Headers can be disabled in the browser!!!
– Implement with care
• For example line 5 breaks Domino blog
– Here is my starting header config for Apache
1. Header edit Set-Cookie ^(.*)$ $1;HttpOnly;Secure
2. Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000;
includeSubDomains"
3. Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
4. Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
5. Header always set X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
6. Header always set Server NotTelling
7. Header always set Referrer-Policy strict-origin-when-cross-origin

The Less Simple Things
• NginX Version
1. set_cookie_flag HttpOnly secure;
2. add_header Strict-Transport-Security 'max-age=63072000;
includeSubDomains; preload';
3. add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
4. add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
5. add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
6. server_tokens off;
7. add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin";
• Note 1, line 1 requires module support in NginX.
• Note 2, line 6 only removes version and OS, it still says “nginx”. There are other ways but they
seem it and miss as you may have to compile module support into NginX.
more_clear_headers Server;
more_clear_headers Server;

The Less Simple Things
• You could put all those headers in Domino
– But you have to add each one at a time
– For each internet site
• Oh, yeah, you need to be using Internet Sites
• It may work with global, not tried it, YMMV
– You end up with a *lot* of web rule documents
• Much, much easier in a reverse proxy

The Harder Things
• There are more advanced headers
– Access-Control-Allow-Methods
– Access-Control-Allow-Headers
– Content-Security-Policy
– Access-Control-Allow-Origin
– Think of these as X-XSS-Protection on
steroids

The Harder Things
• The blog NginX headers
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods 'GET, POST, OPTIONS,HEAD';
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers 'DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-
Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-
Control,Content-Type';
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src
'self' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'
https://fonts.googleapis.com; font-src 'self'
https://www.slideshare.net https://public.slidesharecdn.com
https://fonts.gstatic.com; img-src 'self' https://www.gravatar.com
https://i.creativecommons.org https://licensebuttons.net; frame-src
https://www.slideshare.net";
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin
"https://public.slidesharecdn.com,https://www.slideshare.net";

The Harder Things
• Content-Security-Policy
–default-src
–script-src
–font-src
–img-src
–frame-src
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self';
script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self'
'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com; font-src
'self' https://www.slideshare.net
https://public.slidesharecdn.com https://fonts.gstatic.com;
img-src 'self' https://www.gravatar.com
https://i.creativecommons.org https://licensebuttons.net;
frame-src https://www.slideshare.net";

The Harder Things
• Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only
– Allows testing of policy BEFORE implementing
• Clean up all the errors BEFORE turning on
– Shows content errors in browser development
tools console

The Much Harder Things
• ModSecurity
– Available for Apache and NginX
– Add-in module to prevent OWASP-known hacking
attempts
• OWASP - Open Web Application Security Project
– Use rules to allow or disallow certain URL patterns
and actions
• Known vulnerabilities get blocked/reported
– Use with caution
• You probably want to “report” before turning it on fully
• SecRuleEngine DetectionOnly

ModSecurity
--d5cdc63e-H--
Message: Warning. Operator EQ matched 0 at REQUEST_HEADERS. [file
"/usr/share/modsecurity-crs/rules/REQUEST-920-PROTOCOL-ENFORCEMENT.conf"] [line
"612"] [id "920280"] [rev "2"] [msg "Request Missing a Host Header"] [severity
"WARNING"] [ver "OWASP_CRS/3.0.0"] [maturity "9"] [accuracy "9"] [tag
"application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-
protocol"] [tag "OWASP_CRS/PROTOCOL_VIOLATION/MISSING_HEADER_HOST"] [tag
"WASCTC/WASC-21"] [tag "OWASP_TOP_10/A7"] [tag "PCI/6.5.10"]
Apache-Error: [file "apache2_util.c"] [line 273] [level 3] [client 192.168.0.195]
ModSecurity: Warning. Operator EQ matched 0 at REQUEST_HEADERS. [file
"/usr/share/modsecurity-crs/rules/REQUEST-920-PROTOCOL-ENFORCEMENT.conf"] [line
"612"] [id "920280"] [rev "2"] [msg "Request Missing a Host Header"] [severity
"WARNING"] [ver "OWASP_CRS/3.0.0"] [maturity "9"] [accuracy "9"] [tag
"application-multi"] [tag "language-multi"] [tag "platform-multi"] [tag "attack-
protocol"] [tag "OWASP_CRS/PROTOCOL_VIOLATION/MISSING_HEADER_HOST"] [tag
"WASCTC/WASC-21"] [tag "OWASP_TOP_10/A7"] [tag "PCI/6.5.10"] [hostname
"localhost.localdomain"] [uri "/"] [unique_id "W1RiorhE-6pWl72XxvlgcAAAABg"]
Stopwatch: 1532256930612640 6576 (- - -)
Stopwatch2: 1532256930612640 6576; combined=5424, p1=635, p2=1014, p3=96, p4=3552,
p5=126, sr=86, sw=1, l=0, gc=0
Response-Body-Transformed: Dechunked
Producer: ModSecurity for Apache/2.9.2 (http://www.modsecurity.org/);
OWASP_CRS/3.0.2.
Server: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
Engine-Mode: "DETECTION_ONLY"
--d5cdc63e-Z--

ModSecurity
• OWASP_TOP_10/A7
– Google it for a more in-depth description
• [tag
"OWASP_CRS/PROTOCOL_VIOLATION/MISSING_HEADER_HOST"]
– Find out what the violation is

ModSecurity
• Most often than not, you will just end up
disabling the rule that hit because it’s not
applicable or a risk to your application/server
• In our example it is rule[id "920280"]
• Rules can be disabled per URI, web server or
for all servers
• Depending on your ModSec version exceptions
will be different, so Google it

Tools
• Warning
– Don’t scan a site you don’t have approval to scan
• Scanning without explicit approval could be crime in
your (or the servers) jurisdiction
– Don’t scan a site during busy times
• You could become the source of your own DDoS attack
• Fun times!

Tools
• Qualys
– Most of you will have used the free version
• Paid options to proactively scan your servers
– Scans external web sites for free and provides
detailed insight into SSL, ciphers, etc.

Tools
• SecurityHeaders.com
– Will scan a given site and return security related
header information
– Provides warnings and recommendations for the
different headers

Tools
• ZAP (Zed Attack Proxy)
– The official OWASP scanning tool
– Provides tons of information
– Free

Tools
• PenTest-Tools.com
– Like Qualys, except for penetration tests
– Online, no software to install
– Free version provides limited but useful
functionality
– Really cheap for the paid version (relatively)

Takeways
• Know what the access the application needs
• Implement the highest possible security whilst
maintaining functionality
• Scan often

Q&A
• That was a lot
• Question Time!

CollabSphere SC 103 : Domino on the Web : Yes, It's (Probably) Hackable

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CollabSphere SC 103 : Domino on the Web : Yes, It's (Probably) Hackable