AEM Sightly Template Language

AEM6+ Component Development
Adobe Experience Manager
@GabrielWalt, Product Manager

Specification and TCK open sourced to GitHub.
Reference implementation donated to Apache Sling.
Follow @sightlyio on Twitter.
http://docs.adobe.com/docs/en/aem/6-0/develop/sightly.html

§ 1 Why Sightly
§ 2 Features
§ 3 Tooling

Project Efficiency
Adobe.com estimated that it reduced their project
costs by about 25%
JSP Project
Design
HTML/CSS
Template
JSP
Logic
Java
Design
HTML/CSS
Template
Sightly HTML
Logic
Use-API
Project
Management Sightly
Management
~25%
Effort / Cost

Development Workflow
Improves project efficiency by removing the pain of
JSP and Java development
Design
HTML/CSS
Component
Business
Logic
Inefficient
Static HTML being
handed over…
Front-end Developer
– HTML
– CSS/JS
Java Developer
– Java/OSGi
– Business logic

Improves project efficiency by removing the pain of
JSP and Java development
Design
HTML/CSS
Component
Business
Logic
Front-end Developer
– HTML
– CSS/JS
Java Developer
– Java/OSGi
– Business logic
Efficient
APIs to OSGi bundles

Can be edited by front-end developers:
✓ Client Libraries (CSS & JS)
✕ JSP (markup & logic)
Component

Can be edited by front-end developers:
✓ Client Libraries (CSS & JS)
✕ JSP (markup & logic)
✓ HTML markup (Sightly template)
✓ View logic (server-side JS or Java)
Component

Sightly basic example
<a href="${properties.link || '#'}" title="${properties.jcr:title}">
${properties.jcr:description}
</a>

Sightly basic example
</a>
1︎
2︎ 3︎
1︎ Automatic contextual HTML escaping and XSS protection of all variables
2︎ Fallback value if property is empty
3︎ Remove HTML attribute if value is empty

Sightly VS JSP
Sightly
JSP – Scriptlets
</a>
<%@include file="/libs/foundation/global.jsp"%>
<a href="<%= xssAPI.getValidHref(properties.get("link", "#")) %>" <%
String title = properties.get("jcr:title", "");
if (title.length() > 0) {
%>title="<%= xssAPI.encodeForHTMLAttr(title) %>"<%
} %>>
<%= xssAPI.encodeForHTML(properties.get("jcr:description", "")) %>
</a>
Please try again…

Sightly
</a>
JSP – Expression Language & JSTL
<a href="${!empty properties.link ? xss:href(properties.link) : '#'}"
<c:if test="${!empty properties['jcr:title']}">
title="${xss:attr(properties['jcr:title'])}"
</c:if>
>
${xss:text(properties['jcr:description'])}
</a>
Still complex
Sightly VS JSP
No automatic security

Sightly
</a>
JSP – Custom Tag Libraries
<a href="<out:href property='link' default='#'/>"
No automatic security
<c:if test="${!empty properties['jcr:title']}">
title="<out:attr property='jcr:title'/>"
</c:if>
>
<out:text property='jcr:description'/>
</a>
Many tags within tags
Sightly VS JSP

Sightly
</a>
JSP – TagLibs for whole HTML elements
<my:link
urlProperty="link"
urlDefault="#"
titleProperty="jcr:title">
<my:text property="jcr:description"/>
</my:link>
What does it really do?
Sightly VS JSP

Sightly
</a>
Readable
Explicit
Secure
Sightly FTW!

Building Blocks
Comments

Expression Language
${properties.myProperty}
Block Statements
<div data-sly-include="other-template.html"></div>

Expressions
• Literals
• Variables
• Bindings
• Operators
• Options
• Contexts

Expressions
To avoid malformed HTML, expressions can only be used
in attribute values, in element content, or in comments.

<a href="${properties.link}">
</a>
For setting element or attribute names, see the element and
attribute block statements.
Standard bindings are available (same variables as in JSP);
see the list of available variables.

Expression Fundamentals
Literals (positive integers, booleans, strings, arrays)
${42}
${true} ${false}
${'Hello World'} ${"Hello World"}
${[1, 2, 3]} ${[42, true, 'Hello World']}
Variables (and accessing object properties)
${myVar}
${properties.propName}
${properties.jcr:title}
${properties['my property']}
${properties[myVar]}

Expression Bindings
Most useful available variables
${properties}
${pageProperties}
${inheritedPageProperties}
${request} The Sling Request API
${resource} The Sling Resource API
${currentPage} The WCM Page API
${currentDesign} The WCM Design API
${component} The WCM Component API
${wcmmode} The WCM Mode – use it like that: ${wcmmode.edit}
Properties of the resource, page or inherited
from the page structure. Access properties with
the dot notation: ${properties.foo}
To avoid complex expressions
in templates, Sightly doesn’t
support passing arguments. So
only zero argument methods can
be called from the template.

Expression Operators
Logical operations (not, and, or)
${!myVar}
${conditionOne || conditionTwo}
${conditionOne && conditionTwo}
Equality / Inequality (only for same types)
${varOne == varTwo} ${varOne != varTwo}
Comparison (only for integers)
${varOne < varTwo} ${varOne > varTwo}
${varOne <= varTwo} ${varOne >= varTwo}

Expression Operators
Conditional
${myChoice ? varOne : varTwo}
Grouping
${varOne && (varTwo || varThree)}

Expression Options
Options allow to manipulate the result of an expression,
or to pass parameters to a block statement.
Everything after the @ are comma separated options
${myVar @ optOne, optTwo}
Options can have a value (literals or variables)
${myVar @ optOne='value', optTwo=[1, 2, 3]}
Parametric expression (containing only options)
${@ optOne='value', optTwo=[1, 2, 3]}

Expression Options
String formatting
${'Page {0} of {1}' @ format=[current, total]}
Internationalization
${'Page' @ i18n}
${'Page' @ i18n, hint='Translation Hint'}
${'Page' @ i18n, locale='en-US'}
Array Join
${['one', 'two'] @ join='; '}

Display Context Option
The context option offers control over escaping and XSS protection.
Allowing some HTML markup (filtering out scripts)
<div>${properties.jcr:description @ context='html'}</div>
Adding URI validation protection to other attributes than src or href
<p data-link="${link @ context='uri'}">text</p>

<a href="${myLink}" title="${myTitle}">${myContent}</a>
<script> var foo = "${myVar @ context='scriptString'}"; </string>
<style> a { font-family: "${myFont @ context='styleString'}"; } </style>
Most useful contexts and what they do:
number XSSAPI.getValidNumber
uri XSSAPI.getValidHref (default for src and href attributes)
attribute XSSAPI.encodeForHTMLAttribute (default for other attributes)
text XSSAPI.encodeForHTML (default for element content)
scriptString XSSAPI.encodeForJSString
styleString XSSAPI.encodeForCSSString
html XSSAPI.filterHTML
unsafe disables all protection, use at your own risk.
safer

<a href="${myLink}" title="${myTitle}">${myContent}</a>
<script> var foo = "${myVar @ context='scriptString'}"; </string>
<style> a { font-family: "${myFont @ context='styleString'}"; } </style>
Preferred method for each context:
– src and href attributes: number, uri, attribute, unsafe
– other attributes: number, uri, attribute, unsafe
– element content: number, text, html, unsafe
– JS scripts ⊛: number, uri, scriptString, unsafe
– CSS styles ⊛: number, uri, styleString, unsafe
⊛ An explicit context is required for script and style contexts.
Don’t set the context manually unless you understand what you are doing.

Block Statements
• Markup Inclusion: Include, Resource
• Control Flow: Test, List, Template, Call
• Markup Modification: Unwrap, Element, Attribute, Text
• Object Initialization: Use

Block Statements
To keep the markup valid, block statements are defined
by data-sly-* attributes that can be added to any HTML
element of the markup.
Block statements can have
no value, a static value, or
an expression.
<input data-sly-STATEMENT="foo"/>
<div data-sly-STATEMENT.identifier="${bar}">
<p>Example</p>
</div>
Despite using data attributes, this is all executed on the
server, and no data-sly-* attribute is sent to the client.
What follows the dot declares an identifier to control
how the result of the statement gets exposed.

Include Statement
Includes the rendering of the indicated template (Sightly, JSP, ESP, etc.)
<section data-sly-include="other-template.html"></section>
Output:
<section></section>

Resource Statement
Includes the result of the indicated resource.
<article data-sly-resource="path/to/resource"></article>
Output:
<article></article>

Resource Statement Options
Manipulating selectors (selectors, addSelectors, removeSelectors)
<article data-sly-resource="${'path/to/resource' @
selectors='mobile'}"></article>
Overriding the resource type
resourceType='my/resource/type'}"></article>
Changing WCM mode
wcmmode='disabled'}"></article>

Test Statement
Conditionally displays or removes the element and it's content.
<p data-sly-test="${properties.showText}">text</p>
Output:
<p>text</p> … or nothing

The result of a test statement can be assigned to an identifier and
reused; e.g. for something similar to an else statement.
<p data-sly-test.show="${properties.showText}">text</p>
<p data-sly-test="${!show}">No text</p>
Output:
<p>text</p> … or nothing
The identifier declares a variable that
holds the result of the test statement.
Test Statement
=

List Statement
Repeats the content for each enumerable item.
<ol data-sly-list="${currentPage.listChildren}">
<li>${itemList.count}: ${item.title}</li>
</ol>
Output:
<ol>
<li>1: Triangle Page</li>
<li>2: Square Page</li>
</ol>
In that example,
the item object
is a Page object.
itemList has following members:
index: zero-based counter.
count: one-based counter.
first: true for the first item.
middle: true when not first or last.
last: true for the last item.
odd: true if index is odd.
even: true if index is even.

List Statement
With the block statement dot notation, the item* variables can also
be named explicitly, which can be useful for nested lists.
<ol data-sly-list.child="${currentPage.listChildren}">
<li>${childList.count}: ${child.title}</li>
</ol>
Output:
<ol>
<li>1: Triangle Page</li>
<li>2: Square Page</li>
</ol>

Template & Call Statements
Declare and call a markup snippet with named parameters.
<template data-sly-template.foo="${@ class, text}">
<span class="${class}">${text}</span>
</template>
<div data-sly-call="${foo @ class='example',
text='Hi'}"></div>
Output:
<div><span class="example">Hi</span></div>

Declaring template name Defining template parameters
Declare and call a markup snippet with named parameters.
<template data-sly-template.foo="${@ class, text}">
<span class="${class}">${text}</span>
</template>
<div data-sly-call="${foo @ class='example',
text='Hi'}"></div>
Output:
Template content
Calling template by name
Passing named parameters

Advanced example of a recursive site map with template, call and list.
<ol data-sly-template.listChildren="${@ page}"
data-sly-list="${page.listChildren}">
<li>
<div class="title">${item.title}</div>
<ol data-sly-call="${listChildren @ page=item}"></ol>
</li>
</ol>
<ol data-sly-call="${listChildren @ page=currentPage}"></ol>

Unwrap Statement
Removes the host element while retaining its content.
<div data-sly-test="${properties.showText}"
data-sly-unwrap>text</div>
Output:
text … or nothing
Use unwrap only when there’s no other way to write your template:
prefer as much as possible to add statements on existing elements
than to add elements for the sightly statements and removing them
again with unwrap. This will help making the template look as close as
possible to the generated output.

Unwrap Statement
Unwrap can also conditionally remove the outer element.
<div class="editable" data-sly-unwrap="${!wcmmode.edit}">
text
</div>
Output in edit mode:
<div class="editable">
text
</div>
Output on publish:
text

Element Statement
Changes the name of the current element.
<h1 data-sly-element="${titleElement}">Title</h1>
Output:
<h3>Title</h3>
There’s a whitelisted number of allowed elements that can be used.
This security can be disabled with the @ context='unsafe' option.
Use element with care as it allows to define parts of the markup from
the logic, which can lessen the separation of concerns.

Attribute Statement
Sets multiple attributes to the current element.
<input data-sly-attribute="${keyValueMapOfAttributes}"/>
Output:
<input type="text" name="firstName" value="Alison"/>
Use attribute with care as it allows to define parts of the markup from
the logic, which can lessen the separation of concerns.

Attribute Statement
The attribute statement can be used with an identifier to indicate
one single attribute to set/overwrite.
<a href="#" data-sly-attribute.href="${link}">link</a>
Would have been equivalent to:
<a href="${link}">link</a>
Output:
<a href="link.html">link</a>
But the first example is valid HTML5, while second one fails the W3C
HTML5 validation, because the expression is an invalid URL path.

Text Statement
Replaces the content of the element with the provided text.
<div data-sly-text="${content}">Lorem ipsum</div>
Would have been equivalent to:
<div>${content}</div>
Output:
<div>Hello World</div>
The text statement can be interesting to “annotate” with behavior a
static HTML that has been handed over by a designer, while keeping it
visually unchanged when the file is opened in a browser.

Use Statement
Initializes a helper object.
<div data-sly-use.logic="logic.js">${logic.hi}</div>
Output:
<div>Hello World</div>

Server-side JavaScript logic

<div data-sly-use.logic="logic.js">${logic.hi}</div>
/* logic.js */
use(function () {
return {
hi: "Hello World"
};
});
Like for the Sightly template, the objects available in the logic file are
the same ones as in JSP with global.jsp

<div data-sly-use.logic="Logic">${logic.hi}</div>
/* Logic.java in component */
package apps.my_site.components.my_component;
import com.adobe.cq.sightly.WCMUse;
public class Logic extends WCMUse {
private String hi;
@Override
public void activate() throws Exception {
hi = "Hello World";
}
public String getHi() {
return hi;
}
}
Java logic
When the Java files are
located in the content
repository, next to the
Sightly template, only
the class name is
needed.
POJO extending WCMUse

<div data-sly-use.logic="com.foo.Logic">${logic.hi}</div>
/* Logic.java in OSGi bundle */
package com.foo;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import org.apache.sling.api.resource.Resource;
import org.apache.sling.models.annotations.Model;
@Model(adaptables = Resource.class)
public class Logic {
private String hi;
@PostConstruct
protected void init() {
hi = "Hello World";
}
public String getHi() {
return hi;
}
}
Java logic
Adaptable with SlingModels
When embedded in
an OSGi bundle, the
fully qualified Java
class name is needed.
The Use-API accepts classes that are
adaptable from Resource or Request.

What kind of Use-API?
Model logic
This logic is not tied to a template and is potentially reusable among components.
It should aim to form a stable API that changes little, even in case of a full redesign.
➔ Java located in OSGi bundle
View logic
This logic is specific to the templates and is likely to change if the design changes.
It is thus a good practice to locate it in the content repository, next to the template.
➔ JavaScript located in component
If components are to be maintained by front-end devs (typically with Brackets).
➔ Java located in component
If performance is critical (e.g. when many requests are not cached by the dispatcher).

Start simple: first, no code!
Resource Template
sling:
resourceType
Content Structure Component (View)
OSGi (Model)
Resource
API
Page
API
Content Repository
– Sling plays the role of the controller
and resolves the sling:resourceType,
deciding which component will
render the accessed resource.
– The component plays the role of the
view and it’s Sightly template builds
the corresponding markup.
– The Resource and Page APIs play
the role of the model, which are
available from the template as
variables.

Add logic only where needed
Resource Template View Logic
sling:
resourceType data-sly-use
Content Structure Component (View)
– Model Logic is
needed only if the
logic to access the
data is different to
what existing APIs
provide.
– View Logic is
needed only when
the template needs
additional data
preparation.
OSGi (Model)
Resource
API
Page
API
Model Logic
Content Repository

Use-API Bindings
The logic can access the same variables than exist in the template.
JavaScript:
var title = properties.get('title');
Java extending WCMUse:
String title = getProperties().get("title", String.class);
Java with SlingModels:
@Inject @Optional
private String title;

Use-API Parameters
With the same notation as for template parameters, named
parameters can be passed to the Use-API.
<a data-sly-use.ext="${'Externalize' @ path='page.html'}"
href="${ext.absolutePath}">link</a>
Output:
<a href="/absolute/path/to/page.html">link</a>
Don’t pass variables that are part of the global binding (like properties
or resource) as they can be accessed from the logic too.

Use-API Parameters
These parameters can then be read in from the various Use-API.
JavaScript:
var path = this.path;
Java extending WCMUse:
String path = get("path", String.class);
Java with SlingModels (works only when adapting from Request):
@Inject @Optional
private String path;

Use with Template & Call
The use statement can also load data-sly-template markup
snippets located in other files.

<template data-sly-template.foo="${@ text}">
<span class="example">${text}</span>
</template>
<div data-sly-use.library="library.html"
data-sly-call="${library.foo @ text='Hi'}"></div>
Output:

Sightly Don’ts
• Don’t use the option context="unsafe", unless there’s no other
choice. When doing so, carefully assess the consequences.
• Don’t use data-sly-unwrap if there’s another HTML element on
which you can put the Sightly instructions.
• Avoid to use data-sly-element and data-sly-attribute in a
way that makes the logic define parts of the generated markup.

Sightly FAQ
What does Sightly enable that isn’t possible with JSP?
– Systematic state-of-the-art protection against cross-site scripting injection.
– Possibility for front-end developers to easily participate on AEM projects.
– Strictly enforced separation of concern, yet with flexible binding for logic.
– Tailored to the Sling use-case.
Should JSPs be refactored to Sightly?
Refactoring can be expensive, which goes against the goal of Sightly to increase
development efficiency. If the quality of existing JSPs is sufficient, it is rather advised
to use Sightly for newly built/improved components.
Will JSP go away?
As of today, there are no plans for that.

IDE & Developer Mode
• Improve learning curve and efficiency of developers
• An IDE plugin for each developer role
Brackets plugin
for the Front-End developers
http://docs.adobe.com/docs/en/dev-tools/sightly-brackets.html
Eclipse plugin
for the Java developers
http://docs.adobe.com/docs/en/dev-tools/aem-eclipse.html

Work on file system + transparent sync & content editing
IDE Sync
Version Control
System (Git / Svn) File System
Content
Repository
sync
manual pull
Brackets / Eclipse
IDE
auto push
IDE works on
the File System

Thank you!
Sightly
– Documentation
– Specification
– Sightly AEM Page Example (requires instance on localhost:4502)
– TodoMVC Example
Tools
– Live Sightly execution environment
– Sightly Brackets extension
– AEM Developer Tools for Eclipse
– AEM Developer Mode

AEM Sightly Template Language

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