Computer architecture

Presented By: Mr. Abash shah
Address: Koteshwor-1 seti opi Marg
College: BernHardt college

CONTENTS
 Definition
 Introduction
 Block diagram
 Functions
 Architecture
 Types
 Advantages
 Disadvantages

Computer Architecture
Have you ever wonder what computer architecture
really is ?? so let me tell you
Computer architecture is a set of rules and methods
that describe the functionality, organization, and
implementation of computer systems.

Some of the Function of computer architecture include
 Instruction set architecture design
 micro architecture design
 logic Design
 Implementation (Integrated Circuit Design, Packaging,
Power, and Cooling)
 Functional Organization

TYPES OF COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
RISC CISC
Computer
Architecture

RISC
STANDS FOR Reduced Instruction set computer
Also Known as LOAD/STORE architecture.
The John Coke of IBM research team developed
RISC by reducing the number of instructions required
for processing computations faster than the CISC.
The RISC architecture is faster and the chips required
for the manufacture of RISC architecture is also less
expensive compared to the CISC architecture.

ADVANTAGE OF RISC
1. Speed
2. Simpler Hardware
3. Short Design Cycle
4. Use less space
5. Execution of instruction is high

Disadvantage of Risc
 Code Quality
 Difficulty in Debugging
 Code Expansion
 System Design
 Requires fast memory

CISC
 Complex Instruction set computer
 Emphasis on Hardware
 Use of micro code
 Pipelining is difficult

Advantages of cisc
 At the time of their initial development, CISC machines used
available technologies to optimize computer performance.
 Microprogramming is as easy as assembly language to implement
 CISC machines upwardly compatible
 Fewer instructions could be used
 The compiler does not have to be as complicated as microprogram

DISADVANTAGES OF CISC
 Instruction set & chip hardware become more complex with each
generation of computers.
 Different instructions will take different amounts of clock time to
execute, slowing down the overall performance of the machine.
 Many specialized instructions aren't used frequently
 CISC instructions typically set the condition codes as a side effect of
the instruction.

CISC RISC
Complex instruction set computer Reduced instruction set computer
Emphasis on hardware Emphasis on software
Microprocessor is designed using code
control
Microprocessor is designed using
hardwired control
It contains multi-clock and high cycles
per second
It contains single clock and low cycles
per second
It is single register set with small code
sizes
It is multiple register set with large code
sizes
Several cycles may be required to
execute one cycle
It executes at least one instruction in a
cycle
Pipelining is difficult Pipelining is easy
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RISC AND CISC

CONCLUSION
Thus from the above study we came to know about different function, types
and importance of computer architecture

REFERENCES
Books:
Text book :
1. Fundamental of information technology
2. Computer architecture: fundamentals and
principles of computer design
Online resources :
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture
2. www.techopedia.com
3. https://www.quora.com/
4. http://www.slideshare.net

Computer architecture

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